The physicochemical properties, formulation, and route of administration of a drug all influence its absorption.

Dosage forms (e.g., tablets, capsules, solutions) containing the drug and other ingredients are designed to be
administered via various routes (eg, oral, buccal, sublingual, rectal, parenteral, topical, inhalational). Drugs must
be in solution to be absorbed, regardless of the route of administration. As a result, solid forms (for example,
tablets) must be able to disintegrate and deaggregate.

Unless administered intravenously, a drug must pass through several semipermeable cell membranes before
reaching the systemic circulation. Cell membranes are biological barriers that prevent drug molecules from
passing through. The membranes are primarily composed of a bimolecular lipid matrix, which determines
membrane permeability. Drugs may be able to cross cell membranes by

Diffusion via passive means

Passive diffusion was aided.
Active