Parenteral Administration, Controlled-Release Forms, and Oral Administration

The drug's physicochemical characteristics, formulation, and route of administration all affect how well it is
absorbed. The drug and other ingredients are combined in dosage forms (such as tablets, capsules, and
solutions), which are designed to be administered via a variety of routes (eg, oral, buccal, sublingual, rectal,
parenteral, topical, inhalational). Drugs must be in solution in order to be absorbed, regardless of the route of
administration. In order to disintegrate and deaggregate, solid forms (like tablets) must be able to do so.

A drug must pass through several semipermeable cell membranes before it enters the systemic circulation if it
isn't administered intravenously. Cell membranes are biological barriers that specifically prevent drug molecules
from passing through. The bimolecular lipid matrix, which makes up the majority of the membranes, determines
the characteristics of membrane permeability. Drugs can pass through cell membranes via