CELLS

NARROWER & SHORT

10-100 micrometri in diameter
80-100 micrometri in length

heart
LOCATIONS pulmonary veins
superior & inferior vena cava
DIFFERENZE SCHELETRICO-CARDIACO

FIBERS linear BRANCHES of several cardiac muscle cells STRIATIONS

CARDIAC FUNCTION IS LOST IN THE SITE OF

DEATH OF CELLS
INJURY STRUCTURE
INJURY AND REPAIR
released 3-12h after the MI REPLACEMENT OF FIBROUS
TnI and TnT in the blood markers NONFATAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI) this pattern is see in
remain in the blood up to 2 week CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUBENDOCARDIAL
CONNECTIVE TISSUE COMPONENTS ENDOMYSIUM
SUBPERICARDIAL
MATURE CARDIAC CELLS ARE ABLE TO single & central
just 0.1%
DIVIDE
BICONIC REGION MYOFIBRILS OF C.M SEPARATE TO PASS AROUNT THE NUCLEUS

to recapture enerhy
INCREASE FREQUENCY OF IMPULSES ACCELERATES THE HEARTBEAT SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC AND SYMPATHETIC NUCLEUS
both terminate in the NODES MITHOCONDRIA posses closely packed CRISTAE
DECREASE FREQUENCY OF IMPULSES DECELERATE THE HEARTBEAT PARASYMPTHETIC SYSTEM
AUTONOMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM INNERVATION often full length of asarcomere
FREQUENCY
just modify CANNOT INITIATE THE CONTRACTION GLYCOGEN GRANULES store energy
STRENGTH
GOLGI APPARATUS

juxtanuclear space 0.3-0.4 micrometri of diameter

CELL MEM DEPOLARIZATION REACHES
ten arrive at CARDIAC MYOCYTES 1 enrich in organelles
PURKINJE FIBERS ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR (ANF/
CONTRACTION CARDIAC MUSCLE L.NATRIUM SODIUM)
OPENING of Na+ channels and INFLUX of Na+ 2 types
BRAIN NATRIURETIC FACTOR (BNF) in congestive heart failure, increase its level
LONG-LASTING DEPOLARIZATION of t- LIPOFUSCIN PIGMENTS GRANULES in the ATRIA ATRIAL GRANULES
200 microsec of delay 3
tubules contains 2 polypetide hormones what diuretic affecting urinary excretion of Na+

SLOW CONF.CHANGE of DHSR into functional inhibit renin secretion by the kidney and
4 aldosterone secretion by adrenal gland
Ca2+ channels function
inhibit contraction of vascular smoot muscle
CALCIUM-TRIGGERED CALCIUM
RELEASE MECHANISM (aka calcium formation of DIAD
induce, calcium release/ CICR PENETRATE INTO MYOFILAMENTS
mecchanism) BUNDLES at the level of the Z-line in skeletal the triad is at the A-I junction
5 SMALLER TERMINAL CISTERNAE than skeletal muscle
in the sER
PASSAGE OF Ca2+ from te lumen
T-TUBULES 1 x SARCOMERE
RISE in cytoplasmic Ca2+ of t-tubules to te sarcoplasm is both are btw LARGER than T-TUBULES of
essential to start the contraction LARGER and MORE in CARDIAC VENTRICULAR SKELETAL MUSCLE
opening of RYR2 gated-release cannels MUSCLE
Ca2+ released from the sER and increase the pool SMALLER and LESS in CARDIAC ATRIAL
6
of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm MUSCLE
Events similar to the skeletal muscle 7
JUNCTION btw CARDIAC CELLS
CROSS at 90° the MYOFIBERS
VISIBLE TRANSVERSE COMPONENTS
have less or no T-TUBULES like risers of the stairs
LARGER than cardiac muscle cells characteristics CROSS PERPENDICULARLY the transverse
STEP-LIKE FASHION 2 parts analysis with TEM
MYOFIBRILS are located PERIPHERICALLY components
characteristics PURKINJE FIBERS NON-VISIBLE LATERAL COMPONENTS
NUCLEI are ROUND and LARGER than CROSS PARALELLY the MYOFIBERS
they nuclei of cardiac muscle like steps of the stairs
CYTOPLASM stains poorly due to the RICH just TRANSVERSE COMPONENTS
in the dehydratation step shrink away during te biopsy preparation
AMOUNT OF GLYCOGEN where
responsable x staining in H&E of transverse
hold cardiac cells to the end to form functional
cardiac fibers
SINGLE NETWORK FASCIA ADHERENTES/ ADHHERING
why transverse boundaries btw cardiac cells
EXTENDING FROM Z LINE TO Z LINE characteristics JUNCTION
CELL-TO-CELL CONNECTION site of attachment of thin filament of
LESS WELL ORGANIZED
terminal sarcomere onto te plasma mem
it does not separate bundles of myofilaments into sER
function space filled with material similar to the zonula
discrete myofibrils characteristics
adherent of epithelium
the external lamina adheres the invaginated containing
penetrate in the cytoplasm of muscle cells both LATERAL and TRANSVERSE
plasma mem of T TUBULE
where COMPONENTS
INTERCALATED DISCS
bind individual muscle cells to one other
MACULA ADHERENTES/ DESMOSOMES
renforce the fascia adherent
why prevent the cells from pulling apart under the strain
of regular repetive contraction
the position is functional to allow their protection
where just LATERAL COMPONENTS
during contraction
GAP JUNCTION
allow to behave as a FUNCTIONAL # FROM STRUCTURAL SYNCHITIUM OF
why IONIC CONTINUITY cell to cell passage pf macromolecules
SYNCHITIUM SKELETAL MUSCLE