MATHEMATICS 10

Name: ______________________________________ Date: ____________________

Grade: ______________________________________ Section: ___________________

Quarter: 3 Week: 6 SSLM No. 6

MELC(s): 1. Illustrates the probability of a union of two events (M10SPIIIg-1)
2. Finds the probability of A ∪ B (M10SPIIIg-h-1)
➢ Objectives:
- To illustrate the probability of a union and intersection of two events.
- To find the probability of the union and intersection of two events
- To find the probability of a union of two events P (A ∪ B)
➢ Title of Textbook/LM to Study: Mathematics 10 Learning Module
➢ Chapter: 7 Pages: 328 – 340
➢ Topic: Probability of Compound Events: Union and Intersection of Events

Let Us Discover

This Simplified Self-Learning Module (SSLM) will help you recognize and
understand real-life problems that can be represented using the concepts of probability.
This SSLM is all about the Probability of a Union of Two Events. In this module, you are
expected to develop the ability to illustrate the probability of a union of two events. Let’s
have this activity to illustrate events.
Maybe, you are familiar with games of chance such as the lotto. You have also
learned that the likelihood of winning in any game of chance can be estimated using
probability. However, do you not know that the theory of probability is not only for games
of chance?
Probability is very useful in many practical and important fields in science,
engineering, economics, and social sciences.
Why do you think is the study of probability so important to the advancement of
science and technology? You will learn the reasons when you study this module.

Activity 1: Finding the Odds:

Backgammon is game played with two dice. If you rolled doubles,
you got to roll again. What is a chance that you will get doubles?
To find the answer lets complete the table of possible outcomes:

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 The table shows all the
possible outcomes when you
play the Backgammon. By
completing the table, you can
find the answer of the
question asked.

Probability - is defined as a ratio of how many times an event may occur as compared
to the total possible outcomes. It can be expressed as fraction, decimal, or percent.
Probability of Simple Events: If each of the outcomes in a sample space is equally
likely to occur, then the probability of an event E, denoted as P(E) is given by
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑃(𝐸) = 𝒐𝒓 𝑃(𝐸) =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒
Note:

✓ 0 ≤ 𝑃(𝐸) ≤ 1
✓ The sum of the probabilities of all outcomes is equal to 1.

In our activity the backgammon game, the chance or the probability to get double
will be:
First, you identify how many doubles that will occur? Yes, there are 6.
Second, how many possible outcomes will show? The total outcome is 36.

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 6 1

Then we get, 𝑃(𝐸) = = =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 36 6
1
Hence the probability to get a double is .
6

Union of events - the union of these two events is the elements that are found in A, in B,
or Both A and B. In symbols,
𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 𝜀 𝐴 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 𝜀 𝐵}.
Note: The word or here means one or the other, or both.
Example 1: If given that events, A B
To illustrate:
A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} and 11
1 5 3 6
B = {3, 6, 9, 12}, then
9 12
7
𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = {1, 𝟑, 5, 6, 7, 𝟗, 11, 12, 15 } t
Note that in enumerating the elements in the union of two events, the common elements must be listed
only once.

Notice that there is a common element 3, and 6 in the union which is also called the
intersection of set A and B, (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = {3, 6}.

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The intersection of events - is a new event that contains all of the outcomes that are in
both events. The probability of the intersection of events A and B is denoted by 𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵).

The probability of a Union of two Events - is a new event that contains all of the
outcomes that are in at least one of the two events. The probability of the union of events
A and B is denoted by P(A∪B).

𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

In Example 1, to find the Probability of the Union of A and B, we have (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵),

Solution:

Event A has 5 elements and event B has 4 elements and has a total of 9
elements.

5 4
So, we have P(a) = and P(B) =
9 9
At this point, 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 is not {}, it means that there are

elements common to both A and B

(as illustrated at the right)
These are
2
There are two elements in 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵, so P(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = elements common
9 to both events

Substituting the values obtained in the equation below, then

𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
5 4 2
= + −
9 9 9
7
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) =
9
7
Thus, the probability of a union of events A and B is . In symbol,
9
7
(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = .
9

Let Us Try

Activity 2: Talented Yan!

Direction: Answer the given questions using the Venn Diagram.
The talents of Lagao National High School
teachers and staff.

1. How many teachers and staff are there in the school?

85 + 30 + 5 + 25 + 90 + 20 + 60 + 15 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎

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2. What is the probability of teachers and staff having a talent in

a. singing?

Solution:

Given: Sample space = 330

Event outcomes: ____

number of outcomes in the event

P(E) =
number of outcomes in the sample space

85+30+5+25 145 29
P(S) = = =
330 330 66

b. dancing? P(D) = _________

c. writing? P(W) = __________

d. singing or writing?

𝑃(S ∪ W) = 𝑃(S) + (W) − 𝑃(S ∩ W)

145 110 30 225 45 15
= + − = = =
330 330 330 330 66 22

e. singing or dancing? 𝑃(S ∪ D)= ___________

f. writing or dancing? (W ∪ D) = __________

g. singing and writing? 𝑃(S ∩ W) = ___________

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑃(𝑆 ∩ 𝑊) = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒

25+5 30 1
P(𝑆 ∩ 𝑊) = = =
330 330 11

h. dancing and writing? (D ∩ W) = _________

i. singing and dancing? 𝑃(S ∩ D)= __________
j. singing, writing and dancing? 𝑃(S ∩ W ∩ D) = ______
k. singing or dancing or writing? 𝑃(S ∪ W ∪ D) = _______

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 Let Us Do
Sports participated by
Grade 10 Students

Activity 3: Volleyball and/or Basketball?

110 Grade 10 students from Lagao National High

School are interviewed if they are willing to join either
volleyball (𝑉) or basketball (𝐵) in the upcoming sports
fest. Shown at the figure at the right the result of the
survey:

1. What is the probability of the students who are willing to join volleyball?
2. What is the probability of the students who are willing to join volleyball only?
3. What is the probability of the students who are willing to join basketball?
4. What is the probability of the students who are willing to join basketball only?
5. What is the probability of the students who are willing to join volleyball or
basketball?
6. What is the probability of the students who are willing to join in basketball and
volleyball?

Let Us Apply

Activity 5: Taking Chances with the Events

Consider the situations below and answer the questions that follow.
1. A box contains 20 ping-pong balls numbered 1 to 20. If a ball is drawn randomly
from the bowl, what is the probability that it is
a. 8 or 15?
b. 3 or a number divisible by 4?
c. even or divisible by 5?
d. a number divisible by 3 or divisible by 4?

2. Helene puts 40 beads into a box where 13 are red, 12 blue, and 15 yellow. If
Helene picks one bead at random, what is the probability that he selects a red
bead or a blue bead?

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 3. Of the 2500 households reported, 907 had a dog, 835 had a cat and 208 had a
dog and a cat. What is the probability that a randomly selected household has a
dog or a cat?

References

Grade 10 Math Learning Module: pages 328 – 335

Yonson, Mathematics - Grade 10 SLM 7Alternative Delivery Mode
Bregente, Mathematics- Grade 10 SLM 8 Alternative Delivery Mode

SSLM Development Team

Writer: Perlita S. Lopez
Content Editors: Rostico D. Arco, Cerila D. Cabesas, Gina B. Acuesta
LR Evaluators: Clarence S. Solis, Arlene E. Cometa, Marjohn C. Mantawil
Illustrator: Perlita S. Lopez
Creative Arts Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Education Program Supervisor - Mathematics: Zaida N. Abiera
Education Program Supervisor - Learning Resources: Sally A. Palomo
Curriculum Implementation Division Chief: Juliet F. Lastimosa0
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent: Carlos G. Susarno, Ph. D.
Schools Division Superintendent: Romelito G. Flores, CESO V

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