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DIAGNOSTIC
PROCEDURES

PATUN-OG, NIKAEL, RAMENTO, ZEDRIK YSAAK, JOPIA AARON

RHENZIE
GASTRO ESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

(GERD) is a common condition in
which the stomach contents move
up into the esophagus. Reflux
becomes a disease when it causes
frequent or severe symptoms or
injury. Reflux may damage the
esophagus, pharynx or respiratory
tract.
 ESOPHAGEAL
PH MONITORING

Esophageal pH
monitoring is a test that
measures how often
and how long stomach
acid is entering the
esophagus.
 NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

BEFORE
1. Verify the client using two patient identifiers.
2. Assess the necessary vital signs and check the consent form if taken.
3. Inform the patient about the process of the test.
4. Instruct patient to not eat or drink anything six hours before pH catheter
placement, and avoid smoking.
5. Instruct the patient not to take the following medications for between 24
hours and 2 weeks (or more)
(Adrenergic blockers, Antacids, Anticholinergics, Cholinergics,
Corticosteroids, H2 blockers, and Proton pump inhibitors.)
 NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

DURING

1. Monitor arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat) during insertion of the

tube
2. Avoid placing the patient in supine position, have the patient sit
upright after meals
3. Allow verbalization of concerns and to ask inquiries about illness,
treatment, surgery, and recovery.
4. Assess for heartburn, and carefully assess pain location.
 NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

AFTER:
1. Educate and instruct to do Guaiac test on stool and vomitus.
2. Instruct patient and folks in medications, effects, side effects, and
to report to physician if symptoms persist despite medical
treatment.
3. If esophageal pH study is being performed to test effectiveness of
medicine, instruct the patient to continue their normal
medication
4. Encourage small frequent meals of high calories and high protein
foods
 BILIRUBIN MONITORING
(BILITEC)

Bilirubin monitoring is the process

of measuring the levels of
bilirubin in the blood. It can help
diagnose certain medical
conditions.
 NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

BEFORE:

1. Verify the client using two patient identifiers.

2. Obtain informed consent from the patient or their legal
representative.
3. Inform the patient about the process of the test.
4. Verify the physician’s order
5. Assess patient history and risk factors
6. Gather necessary equipment.
 NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

DURING:

1. Proper positioning is crucial for accurate bilitec monitoring. The

nurse must ensure that the patient is positioned correctly in bed,
with the light probe placed on the abdomen over the liver.on with
the placement of the bilitec probe and ensure that it is properly
calibrated.
2. The nurse should monitor the patient's vital signs, such as blood
pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation, throughout the
procedure.
 NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

AFTER:

1. Document the procedure, including the patient's vital signs and any
complications or adverse reactions that occurred.
2. Report any abnormal readings or concerns to the healthcare provider and
follow their orders for further treatment or interventions.
3. Provide the patient with education regarding any potential complications,
including signs and symptoms that they should report to their healthcare
provider.
4. Monitor the patient's vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, and
respiratory rate, to detect any changes in their condition.
 NISSEN FUNDOPLICATION
(SURGICAL MANAGEMENT)

Nissen fundoplication is a
surgical procedure used to
treat gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD) by reinforcing
the lower esophageal sphincter
(LES), the valve that prevents
stomach acid from flowing back
up into the esophagus.
 NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

BEFORE:

1. Verify the client using two patient identifiers.

2. Get Informed consent
3. Preoperative assessment
4. Provide patient education about the procedure
5. NPO status 6-8 hours
6. Bowel preparation
 NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

DURING:

1. Position the patient carefully (reverse

trendelenburg)
2. Monitor for complications like bleeding or
perforation
 NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

AFTER:

1. Monitoring vital signs for any possible complications

2. Assessing incision site: The nurse should assess the surgical
incision site for redness, swelling, or drainage and report any
concerns to the physician.
3. Providing wound care
4. Monitoring and managing bowel function
5. Patient education
 FAMOTIDINE (PEPCID)

GENERIC NAME: FAMOTIDINE

DOSAGE/ROUTE:
Adults: 20 milligrams (mg) once a day PO

Children: Use and dose must be determined

by the doctor.

CLASSIFICATION:
Histamine H2-receptor antagonists or H2-
blockers
 INDICATIONS

Famotidine is used to treat ulcers of the stomach and intestines

and to prevent intestinal ulcers from coming back after they have
healed. This medication is also used to treat certain stomach and
throat (esophagus) problems (such as erosive esophagitis,
gastroesophageal reflux disease-GERD, Zollinger-Ellison
syndrome). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your
stomach makes. It relieves symptoms such as stomach pain,
heartburn, and difficulty swallowing.
 ADVERSE REACTIONS

Anxiety
blistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin
blood in the urine or stools
bloody, black, or tarry stools
difficulty breathing
discouragement
fast, irregular, pounding, or racing heartbeat or
pulse.
 NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

BEFORE:

1. Observe 10 rights of medication administration

2. Assess the patient's vital signs, including blood pressure, heart
rate, and respiratory rate, to establish a baseline.
3. Educate the patient about the possible adverse effects

DURING:

1. Observe if the patient swallow the right medication at the right

time.
 NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

AFTER:

1. Monitor the patient for any adverse effects, such as

dizziness, headache, or allergic reactions.
2. Continue to monitor the patient's vital signs, such as
blood pressure and heart rate, to assess their overall
condition.
3. Documenting the administration and monitoring.
 REFERENCE:

R. (2015, September 29). Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Nursing Care Plan &
Management. RNpedia. https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-
nursing-notes/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease-gerd-nursing-management/

Famotidine Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD.
(n.d.). Famotidine Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing -
WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-5035-2033/famotidine-oral/famotidine-
oral/details

Esophageal pH monitoring Information | Mount Sinai - New York. (n.d.). Esophageal pH

Monitoring Information | Mount Sinai - New York. https://www.mountsinai.org/health-
library/tests/esophageal-ph-
monitoring#:~:text=Esophageal%20pH%20monitoring%20is%20used,problems%20relat
ed%20to%20excessive%20crying.