RUBRICA PARA RESUMEN

Nombre: jaazim alberto aguilar salas Fecha: 24/07/23

Universidad Politécnica de Tapachula “Innovación y
 Tecnología al servicio de la sociedad”

NOMBRE DEL ALUMNO

Juan Gamaliel Martínez Cruz
Reyna Marisol López López
Marilé Casimiro González
Jaazim Alberto Aguilar Salas
Carlos Fabián Toledo López

MATERIA.
Ingles V

CUATRIMESTRE / PERIODO ESCOLAR

5to cuatrimestre/ Enero-Abril

UNIDAD – TEMA
Exposición

PLAN DE ESTUDIOS.
Ingeniería

PROFESORA
Greyci Verónica García Paz

Tapachula, Chiapas; A 26 de enero del 2023

Monuments

Walter Scott Monument

The Walter Scott Monument is the tallest monument erected to a writer in the world.
And it makes sense, as we recounted on the Edinburgh Free Tour, Walter Scott is
probably Scotland's most beloved writer.

Dugald Stewart Monument

The monument to Professor Dugal Stewart is the most photographed, The best views of
the capital of Scotland are from the top of this hill

Melville Monument

The monument erected in honor of Henry Dundas is one of the highest points in the
historic part of Edinburgh.

The Tall Ship

The Glenlee is a ship built in the Glasgow shipyards in 1896. Curiously, it changed
hands and became a Spanish navy ship in 1922, being renamed Galatea.

Fyrish Monument

The Fyrish Monument was built in the 18th century by Hector Munro, a Scottish military
man who rose to become Commander-in-Chief in India for the British Empire.
Important presidents

Númer Inicio del Fin del

Presidente Partido Elección
o mandato mandato

(1986)

Partido
George 7 de Marzo de 7 de Marzo de
I° Nacional
Younger 1986 1991

Partido
Donald 7 de Marzo de 7 de Marzo de
II° Laborista
Dewar 1991 1996 (1991)

(1996)
Partido
Henry 7 de Marzo de 7 de Marzo de
III° Laborista
Mcleish 1996 2001

IV° Alex 7 de Marzo de 7 de Marzo de Partido (2001)

Salmond 2001 2006 Laborista

 (2006)
Partido
7 de Marzo de 5 de Abril de
V° Jim Wallace Nacional
2006 2011

(2011)

Partido
Jack 7 de Marzo de 7 de Marzo de
VI° Nacional
McConell 2011 2016

(2016)

Partido
Nicole 7 de Marzo de 7 de Marzo de
VII° Nacional
Sturgeon 2016 2026 (2021)
Scotland history

The kingdom of Scotland arose in the year eight hundred and forty by the union of the
Scottish clans (people of Celtic origin from Ireland) with the Picts (ancient inhabitants of
the region).

At the end of the thirteenth century, the English monarchy meddles in the internal
quarrels of Scotland and tries to dominate the country. The mythical warlord William
Wallace defeats the English in one thousand two hundred ninety-seven (Battle of
Stirling) and ensures independence. In any case, the English claims and therefore, the
tensions between the two countries will subsist for centuries.

After Queen Elizabeth's death, the crown of England passed in one thousand six
hundred three to her closest relative, King James Six of Scotland. Since then, Scotland
and England are two different nations but with the same king. However, the sovereign
will reside in London and the English hegemony over Scotland will be increasing.

In one thousand seven hundred seventy with the so-called Act of Union, the United
Kingdom of Great Britain was founded; Scotland loses what remains of its autonomy
and its parliament is dissolved.

In one thousand seven hundred fiftee, one thousand seven hundred and nineteen and
one thousand seven hundred forty-five there were large armed uprisings against
English domination led by the "Jacobites" (with lukewarm support from France),
supporters of a James Stuart, pretender to the Scottish crown. After the defeat, many
Scottish nobles lose their properties and are replaced by English nobles, as well as
thousands of peasant families are displaced to marginal and unproductive areas.
During the eighteen century, multitudes of Scots pushed by poverty emigrated to
America or were forced to join the army. In fact, during the Napoleonic wars, the
majority of British soldiers are Welsh, Irish and primarily Scottish.

At the end of the nighteen century, Scottish nationalism was reborn, but it gained more
strength in the last decades of the 20th century after the social and economic effects of
the Thatcherite Conservative government.

In one thousand nine hundred ninety eight Scotland obtained some autonomous
concessions and its parliament was restored, although with limited scope.

In two thousand eleven the National Party wins an absolute majority in the Scottish
Parliament and prepares a referendum on independence; it is called for September
eighteen, two thousand and fourteen

The capital of Scotland

Edinburgh is the compact and hilly capital of Scotland. It has a medieval Old Town and
an elegant Georgian New Town with gardens and neoclassical buildings. Towering over
the city is Edinburgh Castle, home to Scotland's crown jewels and the Stone of Fate,
which was used at the coronation of Scotland's rulers. Arthur's Seat is an imposing peak
in Holyrood Park with panoramic views and Calton Hill has monuments and memorials
on its top.

Scottish flag meaning

According to tradition, the Scottish flag of the Cross of Saint Andrew has its origin in a
battle fought around the 9th century between the Scots and the English, where the
divine intervention of the Saint gave victory to the Scots.
The oldest preserved examples of the flag of Saint Andrew date from the 16th century,
and it was at this time that this flag became the Scottish national flag, since historically
the flag of the Kingdom of Scotland was the banner of the Rampant Lion of the Scottish
kings. of the Jacobist dynasty.

Traditional music

Gaelic music is possibly the oldest form of traditional Scottish music, and despite its
status as a minority language, it continues to thrive, not only in the Highland and island
regions where it is spoken, but also across the rest of the country.

The culture

The Scots are a lively people and are very proud of their culture, deeply rooted in nature
and their Celtic heritage. When we think of Scotland, the images that usually come to
mind are mostly of pipers in tartan, rugged, misty mountains, and inhabitants with a
mischievous charm.

Although its population is just over five million people, it's amazing the level of influence
William Wallace's land has had on the world. Let's take a look at some of the most
incredible curiosities about Scotland.

You probably use a Scottish invention every day, even if you don't know it. If you watch
TV or use a telephone, thank a Scotsman. The wheels on your car? They're also
Scottish, courtesy of John Boyd Dunlop.
Golf lovers will probably know that the game was invented in St. Andrews, on the east
coast of Scotland; and if you've been to a hospital recently, you may have been treated
with penicillin, an antibiotic vaccine discovered by Alexander Fleming.

Many countries have an iconic animal, but none that we know of can compete with the
mythical Scottish beast. This horse-like creature is usually depicted with a long horn and
is presumed to have the ability to cure diseases.

They already appear in Renaissance art and, nowadays, we find them in the form of
stuffed animals in toy stores. Despite the endearing characteristics attributed to them
today, in the past it was said that an unchained unicorn was very dangerous. For this
reason, the Scots chose this fantastic animal to represent their nation.

Protected buildings are those that cannot be destroyed or modified due to their cultural
importance. Well, Edinburgh has plenty of them. Anyone who has had the pleasure of
strolling through Scotland's capital will be aware of the ornamental beauty of Holyrood
Palace, the Walter Scott Monument and, most famous of all, Edinburgh Castle, which
reigns over the city from the top of the Royal Mile. Some of the city's most
recommended hotels are located near the Royal Mile.

If you have been to Scotland, you will have noticed the large number of redheads
residing there. Around 13% of the Scottish population has red hair, compared to 2% of
the world's population. Not only is it beautiful and eye-catching, but the gene that
produces red hair facilitates better absorption of vitamin D, which is much needed in
places with little sunlight.

Skara Brae houses were dug out of the ground and then surrounded with stones to
create cozy dwellings. They are known as "sod houses" because the grass that grew
around the building helped to keep the heat in. The village dates back to 3180 BC and
was home to a community for more than 600 years, meaning it is older than the
pyramids of Egypt. No one knows why people fled these houses, but to this day you can
still visit them if you go to the Orkney Islands off the north coast of Scotland.

Whether you drink it on the rocks, in a cocktail or even with tea (known as a "Hot
Toddy"), there is no doubt that whisky is one of the most important spirits in the world. It
is made from malted grain by distillation and is matured for at least three years. Many of
the best Scotch whiskies are between 12 and 21 years old. Scotch whisky, known in
Gaelic as Uisge-beatha (the water of life), is the nation's most exported product and
accounts for approximately 10% of Scottish sales abroad.

The vestiment

In Scotland, the typical clothing is marked by the use of the Scottish Kilt, which is a
tartan skirt that reaches the knees.

It is good to point out beforehand that the most rigorous tradition stipulates that only
men are allowed to wear the kilt.

There is a version that says that the Kilt was invented by an English citizen named
Thomas Rawlinson in the 18th century.

The material with which this garment is made is tartan, which, according to
anthropologists, has been used by the Celts for almost 3,000 years. In order to dye it,
natural extracts of flowers and other vegetables were used.

The other version says that the Kilt is attributed to the people of the Highlands during
the 15th century.

In the early days, the name of the garment was "Feileadh Mor" and it was a long tartan
cloth of about 5 meters that was wrapped around the waist, placing the excess part over
the shoulder, held with a pin.
According to history, the purpose of the Kilt was to prevent the pants from getting wet
because of the continuous rains that always fall in the region.

Over the years, the part that went over the shoulders was eliminated and the result was
the well-known kilt.

Each tartan pattern is associated with a particular Scottish clan. Clans are tribal and
family groups that have been kept together since ancient times.

Each clan is obliged to register the tartan that represents it with the Scottish Tartan
Authority.

The rules regarding the use of the Kilt are very strict, since it is not allowed to use a
tartan of a clan of which one is not a member. To be able to do so, you must have a
direct authorization from the members of that family group.

They are those that are authorized to be used only by royalty and the House of Stuart.

The best known royal tartan is the Balmoral, which can only be worn by the royal family
of Great Britain or by someone they have authorized.

Another well-known royal tartan is the Royal Stewart, which belongs to the royal house
of the Scottish nation. Nowadays, it can also be worn by members of the Regiment of
the Scots Guards.

The typical Scottish costume for women is simpler than that of men, but always
preserving sobriety and distinction.

In the upper part of the body it is customary to wear a blouse of light tones, such as
white and with embroidery of different types.

Over the blouse is placed a bodice of dark tones, such as black, purple or indigo blue.

A silk tartan skirt is worn at the bottom. The tartan design is associated with the clan to
which the woman belongs.

On the feet, leather sandals tied with ribbons are usually worn. Although leather ankle
boots may also be worn.
Before starting with the description, it should be noted that the typical Scottish costume
for men has about 4,000 different variations.

In traditional Scottish clothing for men, the tartan kilt, known as kilt, is worn.

A leather bag is worn at the waist called a Sporran.

As an optional extra, a black cap may be worn to cover the head.

In winter seasons, a scarf made with the same tartan as the skirt is added to match
perfectly.

Another interesting accessory for cold days is a blanket that hangs over one shoulder.
This blanket also matches the tartan of the skirt.

It is customary to wear white wool knee-high stockings. These stockings are pleated
before reaching the knee and may contain trimmings on the sides.

On top, white shirts may be worn with vests and ties. Also jackets in traditional old-
fashioned cut or with military finishes.

Other accessories that can be observed in some occasions are the haversack, the kilt
sleeve and garters or shawls.
Gastronomy

Scottish cuisine is very similar to English cuisine, although it has its own characteristics
and recipes. Many of its typical dishes receive influences from foreign lands, such as
the French, as well as from immigrant peoples of the past. Scotland is a dream larder
and a land abundant in fresh produce.

1. Scone
It is a typical Scottish sweet. It can be
found with pieces of fruit such as raisins
or blueberries, or without fruit. It is
served with butter and jam, perfect to
take with your 5 o'clock tea.

2. Shortbread
This is the typical Scottish shortbread cookie,
which are brutally good, and that your
grandmother, aunt and even your cousin ask for, but in souvenir stores you get a kidney
for a box with four cookies. I recommend you to buy them in supermarkets like
Sainsbury's or Tesco as they are much cheaper.

Scots language
Scots, also known by the native name Scots (scots leid, / ˈskots lid /), is the West
Germanic language, of the Anglo-Frisian branch, in use in Scotland, Ulster and the
border area of the Republic of Ireland (called Ulster Scots), similar to English but
profoundly different from Scottish Gaelic. It is also known as Lowland Scots as opposed
to Scottish Gaelic, historically limited to the Highlands, Hebrides and Galloway. The
English name for the language is simply Scots; however, to avoid confusion with
Scottish Gaelic and Scottish English, a variant of English spoken in Scotland, the native
name of the Scots language is often used. Because of the coherence of the user group,
and its clearly marked characterization, Scots is considered a language in its own right,
separate from English, although the background structuring is the same and the ability
to communicate between speakers of the two languages is more than sufficient. The
Scots language originates from the Germanic language of the Anglesey people who
lived north of the Humber River, with influences coming from modern English. In fact, it
has many points of contact with the Northern English dialect, with which, in the past, it
shared a certain Old English, or Anglo-Saxon, was already widespread in southeastern
Scotland in the 7th century, the region being part of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of
Northumbria. Anglo-Saxon remained confined to this region until the 13th century,
remaining a language in common use, while Gaelic was the language of the Scottish
court. The variant of the Middle English language spoken in south-eastern Scotland,
also known as the Old Scots, began to diverge from that of Northumbria in the 12th and
13th centuries. Other influences on the development of Scots were Romance languages
such as Latin, used in ecclesiastical and legal fields, French spread thanks to the Auld
Alliance and Dutch thanks to trade and immigration from the Netherlands.

Population number of Scotland

The Scottish territory covers 78,772 km 2, and its population is estimated at 5,116,900
inhabitants, which gives a population density of 65 inhabitants per km 2.