Assessment mark [ % ‘Central University of Technology, Free State MAIN ASSESSMENT DATE: 4. JUNE 2019 session: \U.00 SUBJECT: FLUID MECHANICS | CODE: MFM 21A& FLUID MECHANICS II MFM 21AI ASSESSOR: L Masheane MARKED MODERATOR: M Moletsane _ ctusessnrssnse MODERATED INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMME: —DP_MEC & NDip: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CODE: STATIONARY: Only non-programmable calculators are allowed DURATION OF PAPER: 3 Hours MAXIMUM MARK 100. ‘SEAT NUMBER...... ‘STUDENT NUMBER.......... NAME (Please write in Block Letters). SIGNATURE OF STUDENT: ence oe INSTRUCTIONS: Q_| Total | Assessor | Moderator * Answer all questions on this question 1 | 20 Paper. 2 13 + Show all calculations and sketches. 3 [19 «See the back of question paper for 2 = I more instructions 6 44 Il THIS PAPER CONSISTS OF 13 PAGES INCLUDING THIS COVER PAGE.Question 1: Properties of fluid & hydraulic jack [20] 1.1. Define the following terms: 1.1.1 Static pressure... (1) 1.1.2. Atmospheric pressure (1) (2) 1.1.3 Vapour pressure. 1.2 A force of 445 N is exerted on lever AB, as shown in figure 1. The lever AB (8) swivels around E. End B is connected to a piston C, which fits into a cylinder having @ diameter of 50 mm. Determine the force Fo exerted by the larger piston. The cylinders are filled with oil which has a mass density of 900 kg/m?. Figure 1 A 250 mm 150 mm aes " MODERATOR13° Aliquid with a relative density of 1,2 fils a volume. If the mass of the volume is 200 kg, determine the magnitude of the volume. (3) A hydraulic piston applies a pressure to 20 liters of water in a cylinder. The volume is observed to decrease to 19,7 liters. The bulk modulus for the water is 2,1 GPa, Calculate: 1.4.1 | The pressure applied on the water in kPa. (3) 1.4.2. The force acting on the hydraulic piston ifit has a diameter of 100 mm. “2 MODERATOR[13] Question 2: Fluid pressure measurement. A manometer is shown in figure 2. The pressure gauges at A and D indicates readings of 40 kPa and 16 kPa respectively. The relative density of the oil is 0,92 and the density of mercury is 13 600 kg/m?. Calculate the manometer reading H in cm. MODERATORQuestion 3: Hydrostatic forces [19] 3.1 A rectangular sluice gate AB is shown in figure 3. The gate is 1.2m wide and (9) 0,9 m long and hinged at the top at A. The design of the sluice gate requires that it must open when the water rises above 1,2 m in the reservoir. Determine the weight of the sluice gate Figure 3 Figure 4 : R15m ° Y i 0.9m B ASSESSOR e Z MODERATOR‘A sluice gate consists of a quadrant of a radius 1,5 m which pivots at O, as shown in figure 4 (ABOVE). Its centre of gravity is at G as shown. The width of the gate is 2m and it has a mass of 5 000 kg. Calculate: 3.2.1 The magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the gate. (8) ASSESSOR f : MODERATOR3.2.2 The turning moment required to open the gate. (2) Buoyancy and stability of floating bodies oo oe ts) Question 4.1 A solid rectangular wooden pole, with side lengths 300 x 200 mm, floats in (12) water with the top face parallel to the water plane, see figure 5. The length of the pole is 2m and the relative density of the wood is 0,65. Determine the metacentric height and comment about its stability. igure § Water ot cin 300 mm4.2 A solid cylinder has a diameter of 300mm and a length of 800mm. After (13) inspection and testing it seems that it floats unstable in water. The mass density of the cylinder is 700 kg/m®. Calculate the maximum permissible length that will allow the cylinder to float stable with its axis vertical. Use symbols: H = length of the cylinder x= depth of cylinder immersed ASSESSOR MODERATORQuestion 5: Flow measurements 19] Oil, with a density of 850 kg/m’, flows through a vertical venturi meter with a coefficient of discharge of 0,98. The diameter of the venturi meter at inlet and at the throat are 75 mm and 30 mm respectively. The inlet and the throat are 300 mm apart and bourdon pressure gauges are installed to measure the pressures at the inlet and the throat Calculate the flow rate through the pipe if pressure gauges shows a difference of 155 kPa. MODERATORQuestion 6: Pipeline system (14) Water discharge from a large reservoir through the first pipe section, which is 100 mm in diameter and 45 m long, as shown in figure 6. This pipe connects to a second pipe of 150 mm diameter and 30 m long. The last-named connects to a third pipe of 100 mm diameter and 25 m long. The point of delivery to the atmosphere is 20 m below the water level in the reservoir. All the changes in section is sharp and sudden. Calculate the discharge in dm*/s. Given: f = 0,005 (for all the pipes) 20m 14 MODERATORTotal marks 100 ge 13 ASSESSOR