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Published by Express Publishing

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© Express Publishing, 2013
Design and Illustration © Express Publishing, 2013

First published 2013

Made in EU

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
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This book is not meant to be changed in any way.

ISBN 978-1-4715-1535-4

...
 Table of Contents

f:)
1
..
Answer Key ... . . . ..... . .. . . ......... . . . . ... . . ... . . .. ............... ... . ... . 4
Audioscripts ...... . . ... .......... . .......... . ....... ... . . . . . . .. . . .... ... . . . . 12

~
2
Answer Key ...... . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . ..... . . . ... .. . ......... . ... ... . ..... . . ... 14
Audioscripts . .. . . ... ........ .... ....... ....... . .. .. . . .... .... . .. .... . .. ... . 22

83
Answer Key . . . ................ ...... . . ............... .... .. . .. ...... ....... 25
Audioscripts .............. . .. . . ......... ................... . .. . . . . . ... . . . .. 34
 Book Answer Key

Unit 1 2 F 2 T 3 F
1 Suggested Answers
3 E 2 A 3 C 4 B 5 D
1 Highways, freeways, boulevards, cui-de-sacs, alleys,
and toll roads are examples of roads and streets.
4 1 corner 3 storm drain 5 roadway
2 A toll road is not free to use.
2 shoulder 4 gutter
2 T 2 T 3 F
5 Suggested Answer
3 1 c 3 F 5 B The roads are in bad condition after a storm. There
2 E 4 D 6 A are tree branches all over the road. Leaves filled
storm drains and gutters, which caused flooding. A
4 1 freeways 3 Dead ends median was damaged and a streetlight fell.
2 Alleys 4 roads
6 A 2 c
5 Suggested Answer
7 1 going to clear 4 That way
A boulevard, a street, an avenue, and a road lead to
2 need to do 5 Sounds good
the office from the freeway.
3 No problem 6 get clogged
6 D 2 A
8 Suggested Answer
7 1 freeway 4 Avenue A: Your team is going to clear the roadway on Main
2 get off on 5 turn left onto Street.
3 highway 6 dead end B: Okay. What do we need to do?
A: First, move any big objects off the roadway.
8 Suggested Answer B: No problem. Anything else?
A: Clear the gutters of leaves. That way, water can
A: Can you drop these designs off at the client's
flow into the storm drains.
office?
B: Okay. I'll go get things started.
B: Yes, but I need directions.
A: Wait. Don't forget to check the pavement, too. If
A: Sure. You take the freeway north. Then you get
you don't, we might miss damage to the roads.
off on exit ten onto highway four.
B: Of course.
B: All right. Is it off the highway?
A: No, not quite. Next, you turn left onto Madison
9 Suggested Answer
Street.
B: Got it, left onto Madison. Then? Hanson Roadworks
A: You turn right onto James Boulevard. it's a dead Work Order
end. The client is at the end of James. Task 1: Remove large objects like branches from the
B: Okay, I'll head out now. road.
Task 2: Clear the storm drains of leaves. This will let
9 Suggested Answer water flow into the sewer.
Task 3: Clear the gutters of leaves. Otherwise the
Directions to Jackson Construction
drains will get leaves in them again.
1 Take the freeway south
2 Get on highway nine Unit 3
3 Turn right on Green Street
4 Turn left onto Washington Street Suggested Answers
1 Drivers can use the breakdown lane if their cars
Unit 2 break down.
2 Cars use an exit to leave a highway.
1 Suggested Answers
1 Lanes, curbs, medians, corners, shoulders, and 2 Widen: on ramps, off ramps
drains are some parts of a road. Repave: all lanes, express lane, fast lane
2 Drains are used to drain water from a road. Replace: dividers, guardrails
Create: breakdown lane

4 Answer Key
 Book 1 Answer Key

3 1 D 3 E 5 F 5 Suggested Answer
2 A 4 c 6 B The two main types of intersections are ones that
require drivers to stop and ones that allow drivers to
4 1 exit 3 on ramp turn or cross without stopping.
2 breakdown lane 4 divider
6 F 2 T 3 T
5 Suggested Answer
Their journey times will be increased while the work 7 1 intersection of 4 roundabout
is going on, but once completed traffic will move 2 calls for 5 jughandle
more quickly and safely. 3 slow down 6 take another look

6 1 D 2 c 8 Suggested Answer
A: I have an idea for the intersection of 9th Street
7 1 highway project 4 close and Route 10.
2 What is it 5 dividers and guardrails B: What is it?
3 able to meet 6 some lanes A: The plan calls for a T -junction.
B: Yes, that's correct.
8 Suggested Answer A: I think that will slow down traffic too much.
A: Let's talk about the highway project. B: lt will. But there's no room for a traffic circle there.
B: Okay. What would you like to know? A: I know. But I think we could fit a jughandle.
A: Will you be able to meet the deadline? B: That's a good idea. Let's look at the plans again.
B: I think so. We're close.
A: I saw the new pavement and guardrails. What else 9 Suggested Answer
needs to be done? To: tjackson@cityplanner.org
B: A few things. We still have to install the divider. From: broberts@cityplanner.org
A: I see. That was supposed to be done already. Subject: Intersection Change
What happened?
B: Our supplier had a problem. lt took a long time for Dear Mrs. Jackson,
the materials to arrive. The Route 9 plan calls for a four-way intersection. I
think this will slow down traffic. A roundabout will not
9 Suggested Answer fit. Instead, I suggest we use a jughandle. Let me
know what you think.
HIGHWAY 109 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
Sincerely,
Installation/Task Deadline
Bryan Roberts
Build express lane October 10
Install divider November 1
Pave all lanes November 30 Unit 5
Pave on ramps December 14 1 Suggested Answers
1 Asphalt, bitumen, and gravel are some materials
Unit4 used to build the surface of a road.
1 Suggested Answers 2 Rubber and fly ash are recycled to be used in
road construction.
1 T-junctions, 4-ways, roundabouts, jughandles, and
box junctions are some common types of
2 1 T 2 F 3 F
intersections.
2 Roundabouts and jughandles are two examples
of intersections that do not require a full stop.
3 1 c 2 D 3 E 4 A 5 B

4 1 Bitumen 4 fly ash

2 1 c 2 B 3 c 2 gravel 5 rubber
3 steel
3 1 c 3 E 5 D 7 B
2 G 4 A 6 F
5 Suggested Answer
4 1 intersection 3 U-turn A busy roads more likely to have asphalt as a surface
2 the right of way 4 turn lane material.

Answer Key 5
 Book 1 Answer Key

6 B 2 B 5 Suggested Answer
Some words used to describe increasing a total are
7 1 got an email 4 any ideas and, plus, and add. Some words to describe a total
2 was it about 5 we could amount are equals, comes to, and is.
3 recycled materials 6 fly ash
6 A 2 B
8 Suggested Answer
A: I got an email from our client. 7 1 take a look 4 came to
B: What was it about? 2 What's up 5 remember to add
A: She wants to use some recycled materials in the 3 goes for 6 plus
road project.
B: Do you have any ideas? 8 Suggested Answer
A: We could mix rubber into the asphalt. A: Will you take a look at this order?
B: Yes, that would make the traffic noise quieter. Or, B: Of course. What's up?
we could mix some fly ash into the concrete areas. A: it's this bill. it's way too high.
A: Good idea. I'll let the client know these options. B: We ordered ten tons of gravel. lt goes for ten
dollars per ton. Ten times ten is one hundred.
9 Suggested Answer A: But the total came to one hundred twenty.
Dear Mr. Anderson, B: Did you remember to add shipping costs?
A: Oh, no. I forgot.
I got your email about using recycled materials in the
B: That's it, then. The total was one hundred for the
road. I think we have two good options.
gravel, plus twenty for shipping.
First, we could mix rubber from old tires into the
asphalt. This would reduce the noise level of the 9 Suggested Answer
traffic on the road. To: carl.g@jacksonconstruction.com
Secondly, we could mix fly ash into the concrete. From: kate.r@jacksonconstruction.com
This would make the road stronger. Subject: Order Receipt

What do you think of those options? Dear Carl,

I got your message about the receipt. But the total is
Sincerely, not too high. We ordered six tons of gravel at thirty
Brett Evans dollars per ton. So the total for the gravel came to
180 dollars. But you forgot to add shipping costs.
Unit 6 That's why the total was higher.
Sincerely,
1 Suggested Answers
Kate
1 We say words like equals to, minus, and multiplied
by when working with numbers.
Unit 7
2 When saying fractions aloud (smaller than one
quarter) aloud you should use ths as an ending. 1 Suggested Answers
1 A pound and a short ton are units of measurements
2 T 2 F 3 F of weight.
... 2 A kilometer and a yard are units of measurements
3 1 times 5 add of distance.
2 comes to 6 plus
3 less 7 point 2 T 2 T 3 F
4 hundred
3 c 2 A 3 B 4 D
4 1 and 5 over
2 less 6 divided by 4 1 A metric B imperial
3 Subtract 7 equals 2 A pounds B miles
4 multiplied by 3 A metric tons B yards

6 Answer Key
 Book 1 Answer Key

5 Suggested Answer 3 1 c 3 B 5 E
The meter and yard are almost equal. Likewise, the 2 D 4 A 6 F
metric ton and the short ton are almost the same.
4 1 A wheelbarrow B measure wheel
6 B 2 D 2 A sledgehammer B jackhammer

7 1 eight kilometers 4 going to need 5 Suggested Answer

2 wide 5 by my calculations The foreman is in charge of the tools and accounts
3 it's about 6 just under for them at the start and end of every shift.
..
8 Suggested Answer 6 1 T 2 F 3 F
A: So we're preparing to build a half mile gravel
driveway for a homeowner. 7 1 have a second 4 track down
B: Great. I'm sorry, but I'm still getting used to this 2 sledgehammer 5 make sure
measurement system. Half a mile is how many 3 take a turn 6 run down
kilometers?
A: it's about .8 kilometers 8 Suggested Answer
B: Okay. And it's 12 feet wide. So that's about 3 meters? A: Do you have a second?
A: Yes, it's just over 3.5 meters wide. B: Sure. What do you need?
B: Thanks. We'll need lots of gravel. A: I'm digging a trench. But this square shovel isn't
A: Yes, by my calculations, we'll need somewhere working well.
around 490 short tons. So that's about 440 metric B: Did you want me to take a turn?
tons. A: No, thanks. I was hoping you'd track down a round
B: Well, let's get started! point shovel.
B: I think there's one in the truck.
9 Suggested Answer A: Great! Can you make sure?
Jackson Construction B: I'll run down there now.
Project Summary
9 Suggested Answer
Type of road: gravel driveway for homeowner
Jackson Construction
Length Tool Sign Out Sheet
Imperial: .5 miles
Employee: Mike Shook
Metric: .8 kilometers
Tool(s) taken: sledgehammer, jackhammer
Width
Imperial: 12 feet Task being performed/Reason tools taken: I'm breaking
Metric: 3.5 meters concrete. I was tired from using the sledgehammer.
So I requested a jackhammer.
Material needed: gravel
Amount
Imperial: 490 short tons Unit9
Metric: 440 metric tons 1 Suggested Answers
1 A hard hat protects a worker's head.
UnitS 2 Ear plugs protect a worker's ears.
1 Suggested Answers
2 F 2 F 3 T
1 A round point shovel and a square shovel are
tools used to collect and spread materials. A
3 1 first aid kit 3 hard hat
wheelbarrow can be used to move materials
2 goggles 4 Steel-toe boots
around.
2 A jackhammer and a sledgehammer are tools
4 1 D 3 B 5 C 7 A
used to break up materials.
2 G 4 E 6 F 8 H
2 1 D 2 B 3 B

Answer Key 7
 Book 1 Answer Key

5 Suggested Answer 2 Item to work on: Tasks for each item:

All construction workers need steel-toe boots, hard
Trees Clear them, load them onto
hats, goggles or safety glasses, and leather gloves.
trucks, and remove them from
They should wear long pants and brightly colored
the site
shirts or vests.
Boundaries Measure and mark off the
6 ./ 2 ./ 3 ./ boundaries for the road

7 1 on Monday 4 no problem Gravel Pick it up from the suppliers,

2 Just one 5 leather gloves unload it at the site, and spread
3 steel-toe boots 6 provide me with it over the area

8 Suggested Answer
3 1 Drop off 3 Pick up 5 removed
A: So you'll start work next week. Do you have any 2 sweep 4 measured
questions?
B: Just one. Do I need to bring any equipment to the 4 c 2 A 3 E 4 D 5 B
job site?
A: Just a few things. You'll have to bring a hard hat. 5 Suggested Answer
B: That's no problem.
No. The gravel must be picked up.
A: Good. You'll also need some safety glasses or
goggles.
6 ./ 2 ./ 5 ./
B: That's fine. Will the company provide me with steel-
toe boots, kneepads, a face shield, and stuff like
7 1 work on 3 mark off 5 unloaded
that?
2 remove 4 start on 6 ready to
A: Bring your own boots, but we'll make sure you
have all the other stuff that you'll need.
8 Suggested Answer
9 Suggested Answer B: What should the crew work on today?
A: First, start clearing the area.
Dear Luke,
B: All right, I'll have some of the guys remove the
Welcome to Ace Construction! On your first day, you debris.
will need to bring several items with you, including: A: Then, we need to mark off the boundaries of the
1 A hard hat to protect your head from falling new lanes.
objects. B: I can start on that right away.
2 Safety glasses or goggles to protect your A: Next, make sure that all the gravel is spread
eyes from dust and flying objects. correctly.
3 Steel-toe boots to protect your feet if B: Okay. Got it.
something falls on them. A: Great. After that, we're ready to lay the road.
The company will provide:
9 Suggested Answer
1 Kneepads for when you are doing work on the
floor. Tasks to Complete
2 A face shield to block flying objects. The following tasks need to be completed on this
3 Earplugs ...to protect the ears when working construction project:
with loud tools.
• pick up gravel from the suppliers
Please direct all questions to your manager. • unload the gravel at the construction site
• mark off boundaries for the road
Unit 10 • move dirt from the area and make the surface level
• spread gravel
1 Suggested Answers
1 Workers must clear a site to prepare it for road
construction.
2 Paint is used to mark off an area.

8 Answer Key
 Book 1 Answer Key

Unit 11 2 Suggested Answer

1 Suggested Answers
Item Uses
1 A paver, compactor, cement mixer, grader, and
backhoe are some machines used in road Two-way radio talk to workers up to five miles!
construction. away
2 A sweeper is used to clean up a road after Smart phone talk on the phone, send emails,
construction. view PDFs, order supplies,
confirm appointments
2 c 2 B 3 D
All-in-one printer Scan, fax and print documents
-
3 c 2 D 3 B 4 A 5 E
3 1 contact 3 em ail
4 1 A screed B grader
2 consult 4 communicate
2 A backhoe B loader
3 A sweeper B vibrating roller
4 1 smart phone 4 two-way radio
2 scan 5 PDF
5 Suggested Answer
3 confirm 6 fax
A bulldozer would be suitable for transporting a big
load. 5 Suggested Answer
Smart phones are useful on a job site because you
6 F 2 F 3 T can check your email and access the internet without
a large computer.
7 1 leveling ground 4 front end
2 grader and bulldozer 5 another vehicle 6 1 T 2 T 3 F
3 We'll probably want 6 Good idea
7 1 paving 4 let me know
8 Suggested Answer
2 That's great 5 to contact
A: Let's go over the tasks for the week. 3 enough asphalt 6 an email
B: What are we going to do?
A: We'll be laying a new section of road. 8 Suggested Answer
B: So we'll need the cement mixer and paver then.
A: How is everything coming along?
A: Yes. We'll want the compactor, too. B: Pretty well. We're about to install the new waterlines.
B: No problem. Can it smooth over different road types?
A: That's great.
A: Yes. We can use it for whatever road we're working B: Yes, but there's a problem. Some of the pipes
on.
might not have a big enough capacity for the
B: That's good. I'll go get the equipment ready.
water flow rate.
A: Find out and let me know. Then we can order new
9 Suggested Answer ones.
Job Notes B: Okay. What's the best way to contact you?
Task: We will be digging out space for a new lane on A: Why don't you send me an email or a fax with the
a road. pipe specifications?
Equipment needed: We will need the scraper and B: All right, I'll do that.
bulldozer. We will also need the backhoe. This is on
the back of the loader, so it will save us having to 9 Suggested Answer
bring another vehicle. Project Status Report
Current status: Crews are about to install the new
Unit 12 waterlines.
1 Suggested Answers Possible problems: Some of the pipes that were
ordered might not be big enough to handle the water
1 Two-way radios and phones are good ways of
flow rate in the area.
communicating on a construction site.
Action: Send an email or fax with pipe specifications
2 Both emails and text messages can be sent from
to owner.
a smart phone.
Answer Key 9
 Book 1 Answer Key

Unit 13 Unit 14
1 Suggested Answers 1 Suggested Answers
1 Sand, silt, and clay are some components of soil. 1 Mountainous landscapes with mountains and
2 A penetration test is one test that measures the rolling hills are landscapes that are difficult to build
strength of soil. roads on.
2 A body of water such as a river or a lake requires
2 F 2 F 3 F a bridge or a major rerouting of a road.

3 1 8 3 c 5 F 2 D 2 D 3 8
2 A 4 E 6 D
3 c 2 A 3 E 4 D 5 8
4 1 sub grade 4 Clay
2 C8R test 5 penetration test 4 1 flat 3 bend
3 soil 2 body of water 4 mountainous

5 Suggested Answer 5 Suggested Answer

There are several soil types on the site. The clay is lt is difficult to create a level road in mountainous
strong but sand should be added to improve its terrain. You have to create many sharp turns and
stability. An area of silt should have further tests done bends.
on it.
6 F 2 T 3 F
6 A 2 c
7 1 you think of 3 plenty of 5 Would
7 1 C8R test 4 good news 2 build around 4 That's right 6 flat
2 got the results 5 sub grade
3 How did it go 6 be a problem 8 Suggested Answer
A: What do you think of the plan for Memorial Highway?
8 Suggested Answer 8: it's not the greatest. The northwest region is very
A: Have you completed the shear test on that sandy mountainous. To build the road, we'll have to
soil? create lots of tunnels and sharp turns.
8: Yes, we just got the results back. A: So it will be very challenging.
A: Good. How did it go? 8: That's right.
8: I have some bad news. it's not very strong soil. A: Would you advise building in River Valley?
A: That's not good. So we won't be able to use it as 8: Yes, I would. Aside from the two hills, the area is flat.
sub grade? A: Will we have to build a bridge over the river?
8: Not without bringing in other soil to strengthen it. 8: That won't be necessary. We can build the highway
A: Okay. Do you have any more tests to do? alongside the river.
8: Just a few more on the silt. I'll give you a call
when I have those results. 9 Suggested Answer
Northwest Construction
9 Suggested Answer Landscape Assessment
Soil Report
... Project: Memorial Highway
Test performed: A C8R test was performed on a silt
Proposed route: The proposed route is through the
area.
northwest region of the area.
Results: The silt soil is not as strong we originally
Possible problems: The northwest region is very
thought. lt can't be used as sub grade for the road
mountainous. To build there we would have to create
project.
many tunnels and sharp turns. lt would be very
Next step: Two more tests need to be performed on challenging.
areas of clay soil.
Alternative route: Another option is to build through
the River Valley. Aside from two hills, the area is flat.
The highway can run alongside the river.

10 Answer Key
 Book 1 Answer Key

Unit 15
1 Suggested Answers
1 Rises, drops, and dips are some landscape features
around hills.
2 A dogleg is an example of a sharp turn.

2 1 F 2 T 3 F

3 1 8 2 A 3 D 4 c 5 E
...
4 1 slight 3 drop 5 rise
2 curve 4 dip

5 Suggested Answer
The road will not be able to have many flat
straightaways. lt will have to curve around a sharp
drop and some land may need to be leveled out.

6 A 2 A

7 1 expansion 4 got as far as

2 it was going 5 with the landscape
3 What happened 6 curve the road

8 Suggested Answer
A: How is the Route 10 expansion coming?
8: Well, it was going great until two days ago.
A: Really? What happened?
8: We got as far as three kilometers from the end of
the route. Then we ran into trouble.
A: What kind of trouble? A problem with the
landscape?
8: Yeah. We reached a large body of water. it's too
big to go around.
A: So we have to build a bridge?
8: I think so.

9 Suggested Answer
Josh Harrison
Highway 35 Expansion Progress
Point reached: The road is up to two kilometers from
the end of the expansion.
Problem: There is a problem with the landscape. We
have reached a sharp rise that we cannot go over.
Solution: We will have to curve the road around the hill.

Answer Key 11
 Audioscripts

Unit 1 Planner: I know. But I think we could fit a jughandle.

Manager (F): Mike, can you drop these road designs off Manager: You know, that's a good idea. Let's take
at the client's office? another look at the plans.
Employee (M): Of course. But I need directions.
Manager: Sure. You take the freeway south. Then you Unit 5
get off on exit twenty onto highway nine.
Manager 1 (M): Sheila, I got an email from our client.
Employee: All right. Is it off the highway?
Manager 2 (F): Oh, yeah? What was it about?
Manager: No, not quite. Next, you turn right onto Green
Manager 1: He'd like to use some recycled materials for
Avenue.
the road project.
Employee: Got it, right onto Green. Then?
Manager 2: Okay, we should be able to do that. Do you
Manager: You turn left onto Washington Street. it's a dead
have any ideas?
end. The client is at the end of Washington.
Manager 1: Well, we could mix rubber from old tires into
Employee: Okay, I'll head out now.
the asphalt.
Manager 2: Yes, that would reduce the road's noise. Or,
Unit 2 we could mix in some fly ash to the concrete portions.
Manager (F): John, your team is going to clear the Manager 1: Good idea. I'll let the client know these options.
roadway on 1st Street.
Worker (M): Okay. What do we need to do? Unit 6
Manager: First, move any big objects off the roadway.
Manager 1 (M): Kate, will you take a look at this order?
Worker: No problem. And after that?
Manager 2 (F): Sure. What's up?
Manager: Clear the storm drains of leaves. That way,
Manager 1: it's this bill. it's way too high.
water can flow into the sewer.
Manager 2: Really? We ordered six tons of gravel. it goes
Worker: Sounds good. I'll go get things started.
for twenty dollars per ton. Six times twenty is one
Manager: Wait. Don't forget to clear the gutters, too. If
hundred twenty.
you don't, the drains will just get clogged again.
Manager 1: Yeah, but the total came to one hundred fifty.
Worker: Of course.
Manager 2: Hmm. Did you remember to add shipping
costs?
Unit 3 Manager 1: Oh, no. I forgot.
Officia! (F): Mr. Larsen, can we talk about the highway Manager 2: That's it, then. The total was one hundred
project? twenty for the gravel, plus thirty for shipping.
Manager (M): Of course, Ms. Jessop. What is it?
Official: Well, will you be able to meet your August 29th Unit 7
deadline?
Owner (M): So we're preparing to build a five mile stretch
Manager: I think so. We're close.
of road.
Official: I saw the new dividers and guardrails. What else
Manager (F): Great. I'm sorry, but I'm still getting used to
needs to be done?
the imperial system. Five miles is how many kilometers?
Manager: A few things. We still have to repave some
Owner: it's about eight kilometers.
lanes.
Manager: Okay. And it's twenty-four feet wide. So that's
Official: I see. That was supposed to be done by June
somewhere around seven meters?
1Oth. What happened?
Owner: Yes, it's about seven and a half meters wide.
Manager: Our paver broke down. it took a long time to
Manager: Thanks. We're going to need a lot of asphalt.
fix it. "
Owner: Yes, by my calculations, we'll need 7,740 short
tons. That's just under 7,000 metric tons.
Unit4 Manager: Well, let's order now so we can start on time.
Planner (M): Ms. Reed, I have an idea for the intersection
of 1Oth Street and Route 9. UnitS
Manager (F): Sure, James. What is it?
Worker 1 (M): Lisa, do you have a second?
Planner: Well, the plan calls for a four-way stop.
Worker 2 (F): Yeah, sure. What do you need?
Manager: Yes, that's correct.
Worker 1: I'm breaking some concrete. But I'm pretty tired
Planner: I think that will slow down traffic.
from using this sledgehammer.
Manager: it will. But there's no room for a roundabout
Worker 2: Did you want me to take a turn?
there.
12 Answer Key

Worker 1: No, thanks. I was hoping you'd track down a
jackhammer.
Worker 2: Oh, I think there's one in the truck.
Worker 1: Great! Can you make sure?
Worker 2: Yeah, I'll run down there now.
Unit9
Manager (F): So Jacob, you'll start work on Monday. Do
you have any questions?
Employee (M): Just one. Do I need to bring any equipment
to the job site?
Manager: Just a few things. You'll have to bring steel -toe
boots, for one.
Employee: That's no problem.
Manager: Good. You'll also need some leather gloves.
Employee: That's fine. Will the company provide me with
a hard hat, goggles, a face shield, and stuff like that?
Manager: Bring a hard hat, but we'll give you the other
things.
Unit 10
Foreman (F): Mr. Clark, what should the crew work on
today?
Supervisor (M): Well, first, I need you to gather a group
and start clearing the area.
Foreman: All right, I'll have some of the guys remove the
debris.
Supervisor: Good. Then, we need to mark off the
boundaries of the new lane.
Foreman: Of course. I can start on that right away.
Supervisor: Great. Next, make sure that all the gravel is
unloaded correctly.
Foreman: Okay. Got it.
Supervisor: Great. After that, we're ready to spread it.
Unit 11
Manager (F): Gary, let's go over the tasks for the week.
j Employee (M): Okay, Ma'am. What are we going to do?
Manager: We'll mainly be leveling ground for a new lane
on a road.
~ Employee: So we'll need the grader and bulldozer, then.
Manager: Yes. We'll probably want the backhoe, too.
Employee: No problem. lt has a loader on its front end
too, right?
Manager: Yes. That'!! save us having to bring another
vehicle.
Employee: Good idea. I'll go get the equipment ready.
Unit 12
Owner (F): How is everything coming along, Daniel?
Manager (M): Pretty well. We're about to start paving the
road .
Audioscripts
Owner: That's great.
Manager: Yes, but there's a problem. We might not have
enough asphalt.
Owner: Find out and let me know. That way I can order
some more.
Manager: Okay. What's the best way to contact you?
Owner: I'll be around the site for a while. So you could
contact me on the two-way radio or just send me an
email.
Manager: All right, I'll do that.
Unit 13
Manager (M): Claire, have you completed the CBR test
on that silt area?
Technician (F): Yes, we just got the results back.
Manager: Good. How did it go?
Technician: I have good news. The silt soil is actually
stronger than we originally thought.
Manager: That's great to hear. So we can use it as sub
grade after all?
Technician: Yes. lt shouldn't be a problem.
Manager: Excellent. Do you have any more tests to do?
Technician: Just a couple more on the clay. I'll give you
a call when I have those results.
Unit 14
Owner (M): What do you think of the plan for Highway 28?
Manager (F): it's not the greatest. The area has rolling hills.
To keep the road level, we'll need to build around them.
Owner: So there will be plenty of bends and sharp turns.
Manager: That's right.
Owner: Would it be better to build near Eagle Lake?
Manager: Much better, actually. Aside from the lake, the
area is flat.
Owner: Will we have to build a bridge over the lake?
Manager: That won't be necessary. We can build the
highway next to the lake.
Unit 15
Owner (F): Josh, how is the Highway 35 expansion coming?
Manager (M): Well, it was going great until yesterday.
Owner: Really? What happened?
Manager: We got as far as two kilometers from the end
of the expansion. Then we ran into trouble.
Owner: What kind of trouble? A problem with the
landscape?
Manager: Yeah. We reached a sharp rise. We planned on
going over it. But it's too steep.
Owner: So we'll curve the road around it?
Manager: Yeah, that's what I thought, too.
Answer Key 13
 Book 2 Answer Key

Unit 1
1 Suggested Answer
1 Chain surveying is one method of surveying land.
2 Station pegs, ranging rods, and measurement tape
are some of the equipment used when surveying
land.
Unit 2
1 Suggested Answer
1 Gyroscopic theodolites, optical and digital levels,
optical plumbs, total stations, and optical
micrometers are examples of surveying equipment.
2 A digital level is more accurate.

2 T 2 F 3 F 2 B 2 c 3 D

3 1 c 3 A 5 B 3 1 A 3 D 5 B 7 G
2 E 4 D 6 F 2 E 4 c 6 F 8 H

4 1 A Plane surveying B Geodetic surveying 4 A gyroscopic theodolite

2 A position B surveying B optical level
2 A optical micrometer reading
5 Suggested Answer B automatic level
Surveyors can avoid accumulated errors by starting
with large measurements and then moving to smaller 5 Suggested Answer
ones. Accurate levels are important because it gives the
most accurate readings on evenness. In road
6 B 2 B construction, even roads are important for safety and
fuel efficiency.
7 1 by myself 4 position
2 surveying 5 pay attention to 6 F 2 F 3 T
3 take up 6 pretty uneven
7 1 about the equipment 4 optical level
8 Suggested Answer 2 we're already using 5 much more accurate
A: Do you have the instruments ready for the survey? 3 what's available 6 by then
B: Yes. Am I going by myself?
A: Yes. Today you can do preliminary surveying. 8 Suggested Answer
B: Will that take up the whole day? A: Hey, Mike. How are you?
A: it might. The site is fairly big. It'll take you a while B: Fine. Did you get my notice about the equipment?
to note the position of all the features. A: I did. Unfortunately, we're using some of the items
B: Is there anything special I should pay attention to? you wanted.
A: Yes. Thanks for asking. Watch out for the slope B: Okay. So what's available?
of the field. it seemed pretty steep. A: We can give you the total station and an optical
B: Okay, will do. level. But the digital level is out.
A: Then, choose the location of the stations. B: That's too bad. Don't we have a laser level? That
B: That sounds good. I'll let you know how things go. would be much more accurate.
A: We need that for a new project. Will you be done
9 Suggested Answer with it before the end of the week?
Jackson Construction B: That doesn't give us much time. But we could
Site Survey ... probably return it by then.
A: In that case, you can have it.
Employees/Crew: Robert Smith B: Great!
Tasks
1. Note the position of all features 9 Suggested Answer
2. Check the slope of the field.
Jackson Construction
3. Choose the location of the stations.
Equipment Sign Out Sheet
Estimated time needed: One day Equipment taken by: Carl Smith
Equipment taken: Theodolite, optical square, optical
level
Equipment is needed: survey an area and determine
angles and how level the land is.
14 Answer Key
 Book 2 Answer Key

Unit 3 Unit4
1 Suggested Answer 1 Suggested Answer
1 A map is used to identify and mark different land 1 Repeated alignment is one method of setting out
features. a line.
2 A centerline, a horizontal scale, and a detail 2 Steel pins and nylon line are some equipment
drawing are some features of a map or plan for used when setting out a line.
road construction.
2 1 Use repeated alignment.
2 1 c 2 c 3 D 2 Use curve ranging.
3 Double check calculations . ...
3 1 c 3 D 5 H 7 G 4 Calculate the angle and use right-angles or
2 E 4 A 6 F 8 B radiused corners.

4 1 A transverse section B map 3 1 H 3 F 5 D 7 A

2 A plan B scale 2 c 4 G 6 B 8 E

5 Suggested Answer 4 1 right -angle 3 nylon line

The horizontal and vertical scales might be different 2 steel pins 4 curve ranging
due to changes in elevation that require more detail
in a plan. 5 Suggested Answer
The easiest way to take off a secondary line is to
6 F 2 F 3 T use a right-angle.

7 1 emphasis on 4 difference in 6 F 2 T 3 F
2 a little distorted 5 along
3 horizontal scale 6 for a reason 7 1 setting out 4 So it's just
2 steel pins 5 Not exactly
8 Suggested Answer 3 one or two 6 repeated alignment
A: Joe, do you have a second?
B: Sure. What's up? 8 Suggested Answer
A: it's this plan. The hill here seems really emphasized. A: What are we working on today?
B: What do you mean? B: Today we're setting out a line.
A: lt seems that the vertical scale is distorted. A: Okay, I'd like to start right away. Where are the
B: The vertical scale has a 1:250 ratio compared to supplies?
the horizontal scale. lt has a 1:750 ratio. We want B: They're in the truck. We have steel pins and tape
to make sure we stress the elevation. measures.
A: Why's that? Is there that much difference in A: Wait, are we setting out one or two lines today?
elevation from the bottom of the hill and the top? B: We will start with one. Line two will take off from
., B: The hill is steeper than it is wide since. There are line one, later.
important details for the road along the slope. A: Sounds good. So it's just a simple straight line?
A: Okay. lt looked a little odd at first. B: No. The road path is flat, but it's around that big hill.
A: I see. So we'll use curve ranging?
9 Suggested Answer B: Yes. Make sure the other workers understand, too.
Downtown Project
Plan/Map notes 9 Suggested Answer
Harrison Road Construction
Horizontal scale: 1:500
Vertical scale: 1:100 Date: June 10
Project: Brown Avenue extension
Reason for difference: The road has several elevation
changes. To make sure we note important elevation Goal for the day: Set out line over hill.
details, the vertical scale has been exaggerated.
Steps/Notes: Gather nylon line and steel pins. Set out
line. Be sure to use repeated alignment. Point 2
cannot be seen from point 1 due to the hill.
Answer Key 15
 Book 2 Answer Key

Unit 5 Unit 6
1 Suggested Answer 1 Suggested Answer
1 Excavating and compacting land both require 1 Swamps and marshes are difficult to build roads on.
heavy machinery. 2 Fascine construction uses sticks.
2 Trees need to be cleared during preparation of a
site for road construction. 2 F 2 T 3 T

2 D 2 A 3 A 3 D 2 A 3 E 4 B 5 c

3 1 E 3 A 5 B 4 1 gabion wall 4 load-bearing capacity

2 D 4 F 6 c 2 swamp 5 stabilize
3 lime stabilization 6 Geotextile
4 1 removed 3 backfill
2 preparation 4 mill 5 Suggested Answer
Marshes have soft, wet soil that often does not
5 Suggested Answer provide adequate support for roads. Unless the soil
Site clearance ensures that all obstacles and debris is reinforced, the road may crack or collapse under
are removed from a site so they do not get in the the weight of traffic.
way of new construction.
6 D 2 c
6 T 2 F 3 F
7 1 a little concerned 4 do you think
7 1 site clearance 4 pretty flat 2 very soft 5 fascine construction
2 the play equipment 5 needs to be milled 3 load-bearing capacity 6 lime stabilization
3 our gardener cleared 6 put together
8 Suggested Answer
8 Suggested Answer A: I'm a little concerned about the land we're building
A: How can I help you? on. Here, look at this map.
B: I'm putting in a new parking lot. How much does B: What's the problem?
it cost to excavate a three-acre area? A: The road will run right through this hilly area. The
A: I'll need to know what kind of site clearance we're soil is likely to erode, and I don't think these plans
looking at. What's on the site now? include the right materials.
B: There's an old basketball court on that land, and B: Yeah, you're right. We don't want the new road to
a picnic area. have a poor load-bearing capacity. it's going to
A: Okay. So we'll have to strip the court and clear get a lot of traffic.
the picnic tables. Are there any trees or shrubs? A: What do you think we should do?
B: Yes, a few trees around the edge. B: Well, we could try a gabion wall. That would hold
A: Is the area pretty flat? up the embankment along the road.
B: There are a few small hills that need to be milled. A: What about plastic mesh, too?
A: Okay. Give me just a few moments to put B: lt can't hurt. Anything that stabilizes that soil will
together an estimate for you. help.

9 Suggested Answer 9 Suggested Answer

Construction project: Parking lot
Items to be removed from site: We will need to strip
a basketball court and clear picnic tables and trees.
Land adjustments needed: A few small hills need to
be milled.
Feldman's Paving: Plan Adjustment Form
Project number: 79-211A
Suggested changes: We recommend using gabion
walls and plastic mesh.
Reasons for changes: The road will run through a
very hilly area. There is a risk of soil erosion unless
we stabilize the embankments.

16 Answer Key
 Book 2 Answer Key

Unit 7 UnitS
1 Suggested Answer 1 Suggested Answer
1 Storm water can build up in an area after heavy 1 Pipes can be connected by bolting or with joints.
rain. 2 Rubber tube is flexible.
2 Workers gain access to a sewer system through
manholes. 2 B 2 D 3 A

2 B 2 B 3 c 3 1 F 3 G 5 E 7 H
2 D 4 B 6 c 8 A
3 1 E 3 c 5 A
2 F 4 D 6 B 4 1 A metal pipe B gasket
2 A pipe B Welding
4 1 A manhole B gradient
2 A sewer line B storm water 5 Suggested Answer
3 A self -cleansing velocity B Subsoil drainage The metal culvert can be connecting to other pipes
through bolting or welding.
5 Suggested Answer
The storm water isn't draining properly because the 6 F 2 T 3 T
soil is saturated and the sewer lines are blocked.
7 1 due for 4 hold off on
6 T 2 F 3 F 2 Hold on 5 install
3 at the earliest 6 trench
7 1 looking at 4 obstructions
2 messed up 5 self-cleansing velocity 8 Suggested Answer
3 standing water 6 drainage areas A: Hey, Joe, I want to check something with you.
B: What's up?
8 Suggested Answer A: Those corrugated pipes came in, right?
A: I'm glad you could come in. B: No, they're not due for a few days.
B: My pleasure. What are we looking at? A: Hold on, I thought they'd be coming sooner.
A: The storm messed up our drainage. B: No, not until tomorrow at the earliest. Did you
B: Yes, I saw the standing water. What's wrong with already start digging the trenches?
the sewer system? A: Yeah, but we need the pipes now. Should we hold
A: There must be some obstructions. off on other parts of the street then?
B: I can clear those. But shouldn't they reach self- B: Yes. Don't dig any more trenches for now.
cleansing velocity? A: Okay. I can do that. But what should we do until
A: The ditches overflowed. Too much trash got into the joints arrive?
the sewer. B: Hmm. We still need to connect a few other pipes.
B: I see. Well, where should I start? A: Got it. We'll weld those pipes today.
A: Unfortunately, many manholes are underwater B: And when that's done, the corrugated pipes
"' B: That's no problem. Just find one that's clear. We should be here.
have equipment that can take care of the rest.
9 Suggested Answer
9 Suggested Answer Murphy Street Pipe Construction
Damage Report Status Report:
Damaged sections of road: Main Street
Completed tasks: The damaged pipe under Murphy
Cause of damage: A storm caused drainage areas to street has been replaced.
overflow. Mud and trash from the ditches clogged the
Available materials: We have two joints and another
sewer lines. There is standing water in many streets.
polyethylene pipe available.
Solution: A contractor will clear the sewer line from
Materials to be delivered: We're still waiting for bolting
an available manhole.
and caulking materials to connect the pipes.

Answer Key 17
 Book 2 Answer Key

Unit9 Unit 10
1 Suggested Answer 1 Suggested Answer
1 Cross drains, fin drains, edge drains, slope drains, 1 The sub-grade layer is the lowest layer of flexible
and pipe underdrains are some types of drains. pavement.
2 A cross drain runs below a road. 2 The wearing course is the top layer of flexible
pavement.
2 T 2 F 3 F
2 F 2 F 3 T
3 1 B 3 A 5 F
2 E 4 D 6 c 3 1 E 3 c 5 D
2 F 4 B 6 A
4 1 A discharge B soakaway
2 A French drain B trench 4 1 A base course B surface course
3 A pipe underdrain B land drain 2 A binder course B sub-grade course

5 Suggested Answer 5 Suggested Answer

A pipe underdrain is different from other drain types Contractors sometimes skip the sub-base level to
because it captures water underground instead of save money.
from the surface.
6 c 2 B
6 c 2 c
7 1 wondering about 4 capping layer
7 1 land drain 4 recommend 2 laying the pavement 5 too weak
2 pipe underdrain 5 enlarge 3 sub-base 6 got this right
3 can't say that 6 could work
8 Suggested Answer
8 Suggested Answer A: Excuse me, Mr. Thomas?
A: Do you have a minute to discuss the land drain on B: Yes? What can I do for you?
Main Street? A: I'm wondering about the 102nd Street project. Is
B: Sure. Is there something wrong with it? that starting soon?
A: There is. lt overflows every time it rains. B: Yes. The team will start laying the pavement.
B: What do you propose we do? A: So we'll lay the capping layer course first?
A: I say we install a cross drain. It'll move more water B: No. That's not quite right. You'll lay the sub-grade.
to the other side of the road. What do you think? A: Oh right. I forgot that the capping layer isn't needed.
B: I can't say that I agree. B: Right.
A: No? What do you recommend, then? A: Let me make sure I've got this right, then. The
B: Well, what are the drain's dimensions? base comes after the sub-base. Then the wearing
A: it's two feet deep and two feet across. and binder courses come next?
B: I think we should enlarge it. Maybe to two by three B: No, that's the wrong order. You switched the
feet? binder and wearing courses. it's just the opposite.
A: I guess that could work. A: it's the binder course, then the wearing course.
Got it.
9 Suggested Answer
Mr. Carlson, 9 Suggested Answer
10th Street Project
There is a problem with the land drain on Main Street.
Work Order
lt overflows every time it rains.
The 1Oth Street extension will be laid in the following
The project manager wants to install a pipe
steps:
underdrain. But I suggest that we enlarge the land
drain. Please let me know what you would prefer. 1: Establish the capping layer. The sub-grade is too
weak to support the road alone.
Mike Jackson
2: Lay the sub-base.
Jackson Contracting
3: Place the base course on top of the sub-base.

18 Answer Key
 Book 2 Answer Key

4: Establish the binder course. Hello everyone,

5: Establish the wearing course. I spoke to the contractor. Here is what we need to
do for them: First, determine the design life. Then,
Unit 11 prepare a report on the traffic load and growth.
Include what types of vehicles will be used.
1 Suggested Answer Please have this information prepared by Friday.
1 Axel weight influences road design. Sincerely,
2 The design life is another name for the lifespan of Mike
a road.
Unit 12
2 D 2 c 3 D
1 Suggested Answer
3 1 c 3 G 5 F 7 B 1 A rolled asphalt surface is the most common
2 E 4 A 6 D surface on roads.
2 Grade is the name for the degree of slope in a road.
4 1 A commercial vehicle B private vehicle
2 A design thicknesses B standard axels 2 1 T 2 F 3 F

5 Suggested Answer 3 1 E 3 F 5 B
The woman asks about the number of vehicles that 2 A 4 c 6 D
will drive on the road, what the average traffic load
is, and how much the traffic will increase. 4 1 Abrasion 3 split friction
2 polished stone value 4 aggregate
6 F 2 F 3 T
5 Suggested Answer
7 1 just checking 4 have that to me The road surface performed poorly on the PSV test,
2 traffic growth 5 design thickness which means that it will lose skid-resistance due to
3 move forward 6 Right again abrasion.

8 Suggested Answer 6 1 c 2 c
A: Do you have time to go over the Main Street
project? 7 1 for a moment 4 not that bad
B: Of course. 2 small problem 5 the bad news
A: I'm just checking that I have things right. We have 3 Oh, no 6 polished stone value
to decide the design life first, correct?
8: Yes. 8 Suggested Answer
A: And you want a report on the traffic load? A: Can we talk for a moment?
8: Yes. We can't move forward without that. 8: Of course. Is something wrong?
A: When would you like that? A: There is a small problem. I got the inspection
.# B: I'd like it by Thursday. report on Highway 10.
A: Okay. And the next stage is planning the design 8: Oh, no! I thought we did a great job.
thickness, right? A: it's not that bad. The good news is that the PSV
8: lt is. We have to know that before we can start test came out well. They're also happy with the
construction. appearance of the road.
A: What do you need to know to do that? B: Good. But what's the bad news?
8: We need to know what type of vehicles will be A: The bad news is the result from the friction test.
using the road. 8: What's wrong?
A: The investigator is worried about split friction. One
9 Suggested Answer side of the highway has a little more skid-resistance
From: Mike Watson than the other.
To: All Engineers B: That's not good. How can we fix it?
Subject: Elm Street Project A: We'll just have to watch the condition of the road.
If it gets bad we'll have to repair it.
B: Okay. Keep me updated on any changes.
Answer Key 19
 Book 2 Answer Key

9 Suggested Answer
Highway Nine Inspection Report
Test: Friction Test
Results: The highway has good skid-resistance.
Test: PSV Test
Results: The highway has a poor PSV value. The
aggregate could become smooth due to abrasion.
A: That's not good. Take your crew out there as soon
as you finish on Main Street.
B: it will be a while before we're done with Main
Street. The shoving is pretty bad.
A: Is it dangerous?
B: No, not yet.
A: I'm glad to hear that. Okay, I'll send another crew
to Middle Street.

Comments/Recommendations: 9 Suggested Answer

The highway may need to be repaved if the aggregate
becomes too smooth.
Unit 13
1 Suggested Answer
1 Reflective cracking, shoving, alligator cracking,
raveling, block cracking, and transverse cracking
are some types of road damage and defects.
2 Transverse cracking is cracking that occurs
horizontally across a road.
Road Condition Report
Road or street: Middle Street
Defects: Middle Street has severe block cracking. it
is also showing signs of bleeding.
Possible causes: The defects are likely the result of
the weather. The temperature rose and dropped
many times, which probably damaged the pavement.
Unit 14

2 A 2 B 3 B 1 Suggested Answer
1 Transverse joints and longitudinal joints are some
3 1 F 3 D 5 H 7 G joints used in pavement construction.
2 c 4 B 6 A 8 E 2 CRCP is reinforced with steel.

4 1 slippage 4 irregularities 2 T 2 F 3 T
2 transverse cracking 5 Alligator cracking
3 reflective cracking 3 1 D 3 F 5 E
2 A 4 B 6 c
5 Suggested Answer
Weather can damage pavement through block 4 1 joint 3 slab
cracking and transverse cracking. This happens 2 sealant 4 rigid pavement
because the pavement expands and shrinks with hot
or cold weather. 5 Suggested Answer
Sealant is applied to joint grooves.
6 T 2 F 3 T
6 A 2 c
7 1 not looking good 4 block cracking
2 weather caused 5 bleeding 7 1 going smoothly 4 more expensive
3 defects 6 as soon as 2 I'm afraid not 5 cut costs
3 jointed reinforced 6 few ideas
8 Suggested AMwer
A: What's wrong? You look worried. 8 Suggested Answer
B: I drove down Middle Street earlier today. it's not A: Did you visit the Main Street project this morning?
looking good. B: Yes. All of the concrete is poured.
A: What's the problem? A: That's great. Is the sealant placed?
B: The winter weather has caused a lot of damage. B: No, but the joint grooves are almost ready.
A: I'm not surprised. The temperature has changed A: I'm glad to hear it.
a lot. What kinds of defects did you see? B: Everything's going smoothly. We might finish the
B: There was a lot of transverse cracking. I also saw entire project soon.
the start of some bleeding. A: How about the Tenth Street project? Is it going well?

20 Answer Key
 Book 2 Answer Key

B: I'm afraid not. The engineers are still designing the A: Good to know. Okay, up next is tamping. Has the
joints. it's getting expensive. crew started that yet?
A: What if we used jointed reinforced concrete? B: Yes, we just finished.
Would that be cheaper than URC? A: Sounds good. Be sure to let me know when you
B: No. The price of steel is rising. So using reinforced strike the formwork. I want to examine the final
concrete would be more expensive. product.
B: Of course.
I 9 Suggested Answer
} Jackson Construction 9 Suggested Answer
Concrete Installation - Final Checklist
Main Street Project
Type of concrete being used: JRC Did the crew ... Yes I No
Project status: The slabs are poured. The joint grooves 1 - Perform a slump test? Yes
have been placed. The sealant will be applied soon. 2 - Install expansion joints? Yes
3- Tamp the concrete? Yes
Green Street Project
4 - Strike the formwork? No
Type of concrete being used: URC
Project status: Engineers are designing the joints.

Unit 15
1 Suggested Answer
1 A slump test and a cube-crushing test are two
tests applied to building materials.
2 A warping joint is located on the surface of a
roadway.

2 D 2 D 3 D

3 1 G 3 E 5 c 7 A
2 D 4 F 6 B

4 1 A warping joint B expansion joint

2 A slump test B cube crushing test

5 Suggested Answer
The last action the crew should take is striking the
formwork.

6 T 2 F 3 F

7 1 slump test 4 Good to know

·; 2 took care of 5 about to
3 check that off 6 strike the formwork

8 Suggested Answer
A: Do you have a minute to go over a checklist?
B: Of course. What is it for?
A: Just making sure the concrete is laid correctly.
B: What can I tell you?
A: First, did you performed the cube-crushing test?
B: Yes. we took care of that.
A: Good. I'll check that off. Did you place warping
joints?
B: Yes.
Answer Key 21
 Audioscripts
Unit 1
Supervisor (M): Ms. Norris, do you have the instruments
ready for this afternoon's survey?
Surveyor (F): I think so. Am I going by myself?
Supervisor: I think that's best. Today you can do
preliminary surveying.
Surveyor: Oh? But that won't take up the whole day.
Supervisor: lt might. The site is fairly big. It'll take you a
while to note the position of all the features.
Surveyor: Is there anything special I should pay attention
to?
Supervisor: Yes. Thanks for asking. Watch out for the
slope of the field. lt seemed pretty uneven.
Surveyor: Okay, will do.
Supervisor: Then, of course, decide the location of the
stations.
Surveyor: That sounds good. I'll let you know how things
go.
Supervisor: Make sure you sketch everything. Feel free
to give me a call if you have any questions.
Surveyor: Okay, I will.
Unit 2
Supervisor (M): Hey, Elena. How are you?
Surveyor (F): Fine, Jim. Did you get my email about the
equipment?
Supervisor: I did. Unfortunately, we're already using some
of the items you wanted.
Surveyor: Okay. So what's available?
Supervisor: We can give you the optical square and an
optical level. But the laser level is out.
Surveyor: That's too bad. Don't we have a digital level?
That would be much more accurate.
Supervisor: Well, we need that for an upcoming project.
Could you be done with it before the end of next week?
Surveyor: That's doesn't give us much time. But we could
probably return it by then.
Supervisor: All right, then. it's yours. Also, do you definitely
need a total station?
Surveyor: lt would be helpful. We'd get our plans drawn
out much faster.
Supervisor: In that case, you can have it.
Surveyor: Great! ...
Unit 3
Worker (F): Hi, Mark. Do you have a minute?
Engineer (M): Sure Kate. What's going on?
Worker: it's this plan. There seems to be a lot of
emphasis on the hill here.
Engineer: What do you mean?
Worker: lt just seems that the vertical scale is a little
distorted.
22 Answer Key
Engineer: The vertical scale has a 1:100 [one to one
hundred] ratio compared to the horizontal scale. it
has a 1:500 [one to five hundred] ratio. We wanted to
make sure we stressed the elevation.
Worker: Why's that? Is there really that much difference
in elevation from the bottom of the hill to the top?
Engineer: The hill is higher than it is wide. it's a pretty
steep slope. There are important details for the road
along the slope.
Worker: Okay. lt looked a little weird to me at first.
Engineer: Don't worry, it looks that way for a reason. Any
more questions?
Worker: No, not right now. Thanks!
Unit4
Worker (M): Good morning, Ms. White. What are we
working on today?
Foreman (F): Hi, Jack! Today we're setting out a line.
Worker: Okay, I'd like to start right away. Where are the
supplies?
Foreman: They're in the truck. We have steel pins and
everything else you need.
Worker: Wait, are we setting out one or two lines today?
Foreman: We'll start with one. Line two will take off from
line one, later.
Worker: Sounds good. So it's just a simple straight line?
Foreman: Not exactly. The road path is a straight line,
but it's over that big hill.
Worker: I see. So we'll use repeated alignment?
Foreman: Yes, definitely. Make sure the other workers
understand, too.
Worker: Sure, I'll talk to them. I'm going to grab the supplies.
Foreman: No problem. Let me know if you have any
questions.
Unit 5
Representative (M): Yarrow & Sons. How can I help you?
Customer (F): Hi, I'm putting in a new parking lot behind
my hotel. How much does it cost to excavate a
three-acre area?
Representative: I'll need to know what kind of site
clearance we're looking at. What's on the site now?
Customer: There's an old children's playground on that
land, and a small tool shed.
Representative: Okay. So we'll have to clear the shed and
the play equipment. Are there any trees or shrubs?
Customer: No, our gardener cleared all the landscaping
already.
Representative: Is the area pretty flat?
Customer: For the most part. But there is a small hill in
one corner that needs to be milled.
Representative: Okay. Give me just a few moments to
put together an estimate for you.

Unit 6
Worker 1 (M): Hey, Phyllis, have you looked at the plans
for the new highway bypass?
Worker 2 (F): No, why? Does everything look okay?
Worker 1: I'm a little concerned about the land we're
building on. Here, look at this map.
Worker 2: What's the problem?
Worker 1: The road will run right through this marsh. The
soil is going to be very soft, and I don't think these
plans include the right materials.
Worker 2: Yeah, you're right. We don't want the new road
to have a poor load-bearing capacity. it's going to
get a lot of traffic.
Worker 1: What do you think we should do?
Worker 2: Well, we could try fascine construction. That
would solidify the surface in preparation for the road .
Worker 1: Good idea. What about lime stabilization, too?
Worker 2: lt can't hurt. Anything that hardens up that soil
will help.
Unit 7
Official (M): Mrs. Thomas, I'm glad you could come in.
Contractor (F): My pleasure. So, what are we looking at?
Official: Well, that storm really messed up our drainage.
Contractor: Yes, I saw the standing water. What's wrong
with the sewer system?
Official: There must be some obstructions.
Contractor: I can clear those. But shouldn't they reach
self-cleansing velocity?
Official: Normally, yes. But the drainage areas overflowed.
Too much trash and mud got into the sewer.
Contractor: I see. Well, where should I start?
Official: Unfortunately, the manholes in a lot of areas are
under water.
Contractor: That's no problem. Just find one that's clear.
We have equipment that can take care of the rest.
Official: That's great news. We want to get our roads
clear soon.
Contractor: Then let's get started.
UnitS
Worker (M): Hey, Nancy. I want to check something with
you.
Supervisor (F): Sure, Mark. What's up?
Worker: Those joints came in, right?
Supervisor: No, they're not due for a few days.
Worker: Hold on, I thought they'd be coming sooner.
Supervisor: No, not until tomorrow at the earliest. Did you
already start installing the pipes?
Worker: Yeah, but we need the joints to continue. Should
we hold off on other parts of the street then?
Supervisor: Yes. Don't install any other pipes for now.
Audioscripts
Worker: Okay. I can do that. But what should we do until
the joints arrive?
Supervisor: Hmm. We still need to dig the trench.
Worker: Got it. We'll dig a trench for the rest of the line.
Supervisor: And when that's done, the joints should be
here.
Unit 9
Manager (M): Hi, Ms. Peters. Do you have a minute to
discuss the land drain on Elm Street?
Contractor (F): Sure. Is there something wrong with it?
Manager: There is. lt overflows every time it rains.
Contractor: Okay. So what do you propose we do about
it?
Manager: I say we install a pipe underdrain. It'll soak up
the water before it has a chance to flood. What do
you think?
Contractor: I can't say that I agree.
Manager: No? What do you recommend, then?
Contractor: Well, what are the drain's dimensions?
Manager: it's two feet deep and three feet across.
Contractor: I think we should enlarge it. Maybe to three
feet by four feet?
Manager: I guess that could work. How long would it take?
Contractor: I'm not sure. I'll look into it this afternoon.
Unit 10
Employee (M): Excuse me, Ms. Jackson?
Supervisor (F): Yes, Mike? What can I do for you?
Employee: Well, I'm wondering about the 1Oth Street
project. Is that starting soon?
Supervisor: Actually, yes. Now that we've finished the
planning stage, the team will start laying the pavement.
Employee: Okay. So we'll lay the sub-base course first?
Supervisor: No. That's not quite right. You'll need to lay
the capping layer first.
Employee: Oh, right. I forgot that the sub-grade course
is too weak.
Supervisor: Right.
Employee: Let me make sure I've got this right, then. The
base comes after the capping layer. Then the
wearing and binder courses come next?
Supervisor: No, that's the wrong order. You switched the
binder and wearing courses. it's just the opposite.
Employee: Okay. it's the binder course, then the wearing
course. Got it.
Unit 11
Engineer (F): Hi, Mr. Dean. Do you have a second to go
over the Elm Street project?
Contractor (M): Of course. What's on your mind?
Answer Key 23
 Audioscripts
Engineer: I'm just checking that I have things right. We
have to determine the design life first, correct?
Contractor: That's correct.
Engineer: And you want a report of the traffic growth
and load?
Contractor: Yes. We can't move forward without that.
Engineer: When would you like that?
Contractor: Please have that to me by Friday.
Engineer: Okay. And the next stage is planning the
design thickness, right?
Contractor: Right again. We have to know that before
we can start construction.
Engineer: What do you need to know to do that?
Contractor: Well, first we'li need to determine what type
of vehicles will be using the road.
Engineer: I'll include that with the report on traffic load,
then.
Contractor: Sounds good, thanks.
Unit 12
Owner (F): Bill, can we talk for a moment in my office?
Manager (M): Yeah, of course. Is something wrong?
Owner: Well, there is a small problem. I got the inspection
report on Highway 95 back from the Department of
Transportation.
Manager: Oh, no! I thought we did a great job.
Owner: it's not that bad. The good news is that the
friction test came out well. They're also very happy
with the appearance of the road.
Manager: Good. I'm glad. But what's the bad news?
Owner: The bad news is the polished stone value.
Manager: What's wrong?
Owner: The investigator is worried about abrasion
wearing down the asphalt and making it dangerous.
Manager: That's not good. How can we fix it?
Owner: We'll just have to watch the condition of the road.
If it gets bad we'll have to repair it.
Manager: Okay. Keep me updated on any changes.
Unit 13
Supervisor (M): What's the problem, Shelly? You look
worried. ..
Worker (F): I drove down Washington Street earlier today.
it's not looking good.
Supervisor: What's wrong? I haven't seen it since last fall.
Worker: The winter weather caused a lot of damage.
Supervisor: I'm not surprised. The temperature kept
dropping and then rising again. What kinds of defects
did you see?
Worker: There was a lot of block cracking. it's not too
bad yet, but I also saw the start of some bleeding.
Supervisor: That's not good. Take your crew out there
as soon as you finish on Jackson Street.
24 Answer Key
Worker: lt will be a while before we're done with Jackson
Street. The rutting is pretty bad.
Supervisor: Is it dangerous?
Worker: No, not yet.
Supervisor: I'm glad to hear that. Okay, I'll send another
crew to Washington Street in the meantime.
Worker: Good. it needs it.
Unit 14
Manager (F): Mr. Hartman, did you visit the Wellington
Street project this morning?
Owner (M): I stopped by earlier. All of the concrete is
poured.
Manager: That's excellent. Is the sealant placed yet?
Owner: No, but the joint grooves are almost ready. They
were washing them this morning.
Manager: I'm glad to hear it.
Owner: Everything's going smoothly. We might finish the
entire project by fall.
Manager: How about the Green Street project? Is it going
well?
Owner: I'm afraid not. The engineers are still redesigning
the joints. it's starting to get pretty expensive.
Manager: What if we used jointed reinforced concrete?
Would that be cheaper than URC?
Owner: Not at all! The price of steel is rising. So using
reinforced concrete would be more expensive.
Manager: I see. Is there any way to cut costs?
Owner: I have a few ideas. But we'll talk about that later.
Unit 15
Manager (F): Hi, Ted. Do you have a minute to go over
this checklist with me?
Worker (M): Sure, Ms. Jones. What is it for?
Manager: Just making sure the concrete is laid correctly.
Worker: Sure. What can I tell you?
Manager: First, you performed the slump test?
Worker: Yes. I took care of that before we laid the
concrete.
Manager: Good. I'll check that off. Did you place expansion
joints?
Worker: Yes. I saw Mr. Shaw's instructions.
Manager: Good to know. Okay, up next is tamping. Has
the crew started that yet?
Worker: No, not yet. We were about to start.
Manager: Sounds good. Be sure to let me know when
you strike the formwork. I want to examine the final
product.
Worker: Of course. I'll check in with you later.
 Book 3 Answer Key

Unit 1 the street. And parking garage entrances will need

1 Suggested Answers splayed curbs so that cars can get in and out.
For the residential project, we recommend cut stone
1 Splayed curbs, cut stone curbs, curb cuts, radius
curbs or half-batter curbs. The half-batter curbs are
curbs, vertical curbs, and curb and gutters are
less expensive, but the cut stone curbs look nicer.
some types of curbs.
2 A splayed curb allows cars to easily pass over it.
Unit 2
2 1 B 2 c 3 D 1 Suggested Answers
1 Precast curbs are already set before being installed.
3 1 D 3 B 5 H 7 E
2 Epoxy resin is one adhesive used to install curbs.
2 F 4 G 6 A 8 c

B cut stone curb

2 1 c 2 B 3 B
4 1 A integral curb
2 A curb and gutter B vertical curb
3 1 D 3 E 5 c
2 F 4 A 6 B
5 Suggested Answer
A barrier curb separates lanes of traffic and is 4 1 wet bed 3 dry bed 5 Epoxy resin
stronger than a vertical curb, which is used to line 2 Precast 4 haunch
bridges and tunnels.
5 Suggested Answer
6 T 2 F 3 F
With a wet bed, the curb bed's concrete has not
completely dried when the curb is installed. With a
7 1 What exactly 4 as strong as
dry bed, the concrete is dry and the curb must be
2 strong enough to 5 didn't catch that
affixed with bonding material.
3 different from 6 Vertical curbs
6 T 2 F 3 T
8 Suggested Answer
A: I have a few questions. 7 1 you're going to do 4 holds the curb
B: Okay, what can I tell you? 2 curb bed 5 concrete dries
A: Well, you mentioned a curb cut. What exactly is 3 put in a 6 wet beds
that?
B: Oh, a curb cut is a small ramp to the street. 8 Suggested Answer
A: That's what I thought. But how is that different
A: it's time to try your first curb installation. Tell me
from a splayed curb?
what you're going to do first.
B: A curb cut isn't a big as a splayed curb.
B: Well, the curb bed is already laid, so all I need to
A: I'm sorry, I didn't catch that. Did you say it isn't as
do is adhere the curb to the bed with bonding.
good as a splayed curb?
A: Aren't you forgetting something? I'll give you a
B: No, you misheard me. Curb cuts aren't as big as
hint. What holds the curb in the curb bed?
splayed curbs.
B: Epoxy resin will secure the curb, right?
A: Got it. So they can't be used for the same jobs?
A: No, that's only the case in dry beds. This is a wet
B: Definitely not. Cars can't fit on curb cuts.
bed.
A: Understood.
B: Oh, I see. So it doesn't need bonding?
B: Was there anything else?
A: That's right. When the concrete dries, it will secure
A: Yes, one thing. You suggested cut stone curbs for
the curb in the curb bed.
the residential project.
B: I did. lt would look great.
9 Suggested Answer
A: The city planner's office like the idea.
Wet beds: With a wet bed, you should install the curb
9 Suggested Answer before the concrete in the curb bed is dry. The
concrete will dry around the curb and hold it in place.
For the downtown construction project, we recommend
Dry beds: With a dry bed, the concrete should be
a barrier curb for 1Oth Street. lt will divide the lanes of
completely dry before you install the curb. You will
traffic that go in opposite directions. You will also need
need to secure the curb in place with a strong
to install curb cuts at each corner to help people cross
adhesive like epoxy resin.
Answer Key 25
 Book 3 Answer Key

Unit 3 slabs, as well as the manufacturing process used to

1 Suggested Answers make the slab. Most of our customers prefer to use
concrete paving slabs. We offer different kinds of
1 Cobbles and interlocking paving are two decorative
concrete paving slabs as well. We have hydraulically-
types of paving.
pressed slabs and open-mold slabs. Hydraulically
2 Most sidewalks are made up of paving slabs.
pressed slabs run about $6.00 per square foot. Open-
maid slabs run about $10.00 per square foot.
2 A 2 A 3 c Hydraulically pressed slabs tend to be stronger.
However, open-mold slabs can be more decorative
3 1 c 3 E 5 D
since colors and textures can be added to them.
2 F 4 A 6 B

4 1 A Block paving B cobble Unit4

2 A dry method B whole-bed method 1 Suggested Answers
3 A sidewalk B bonding pattern
1 Beam bridges, suspension bridges, cable-stayed
bridges, moveable bridges, and double decked
5 Suggested Answer
bridges are some types of bridges.
The company used several paving methods including 2 A moveable bridge can be lifted to allow boats to
the whole-bed method and the dry method. They travel past.
also use block paving and interlocking paving.
2 Washburn-Denton: beam bridge, simply supported
6 A 2 B with abutments, steel girder construction

7 1 residential 4 square foot Larstown City: cantilever bridge, moveable bridge

2 I assume 5 will run you Edward P. Lewis: suspension bridge, supported by
3 open-mold slabs 6 advantages with cables from two towers, double-decked bridge for
road traffic and railroad
8 Suggested Answer
South Bay: cable-stayed bridge, short span
A: Welcome to Pave Rite. How can I help you?
B: Hi. I'm a city planner and we need to repave some
3 1 c 3 E 5 B
sidewalks.
2 A 4 D 6 F
A: We can definitely help. Are these urban or
residential sidewalks?
4 1 A abutment B cantilever
B: Both. I wanted to talk about prices.
2 A double-decked bridge B moveable bridge
A: Sure. Do you want to use concrete?
B: Yes. Do you have different types of concrete
5 Suggested Answer
paving slabs?
A: We have both hydraulically-pressed slabs and A suspension bridge would be suitable to connect two
open-mold slabs. points acrosss a large bay.
B: What's the difference in cost?
A: Hydraulically pressed slabs are five dollars per 6 T 2 F 3 F
square foot.
B: And open-mold slabs? 7 1 lead engineer 4 kind of experience
A: Those are nine dollars per square foot. 2 suspension bridge 5 double-decked bridge
B: Are there advantages with open-mold slabs? 3 higher traffic flow 6 upcoming project
A: Well, you can add different colors and textures.
B: Is one of them stronger than the other? 8 Suggested Answer
A: Yes, hydraulically-pressed slabs are usually stronger. A: lt says on your application that you used to work
Open -mold slabs can be more decorative. for GMA Engineering.
B: That's right. I headed several bridge design projects
9 Suggested Answer there.
Jackson and Sons Paving Services A: What types of projects have you handled?
At Jackson and Sons, we pave urban and residential B: For my last project, I was the lead engineer on a
sidewalks. Pricing depends on the material of the cable-stayed bridge construction. lt replaced an

26 Answer Key
 Book 3 Answer Key

old beam bridge that couldn't accommodate the
traffic flow.
A: Wow. We do need someone with that kind of
experience. But our next project is actually a
double-decked suspension bridge that needs to
accommodate road traffic and a railroad. Are you
prepared to take on a project like that?
B: I don't have a lot of experience with double-
decked bridges, but I'm eager to learn.
9 Suggested Answer
The job applicant has excellent experience with major
bridge design projects, including a recent cable-stayed
bridge construction. However, she has not worked on
a double-decked bridge, and we really need someone
with that experience. For that reason, I do not think
the applicant is a good candidate for the job.
Unit 5
A: Since it will be the hardest, I'd start with the deck.
B: Okay. Should we just fix the cracks?
A: No. You should re-lay the whole road.
B: Really? Do you think that's necessary?
A: Absolutely. The cracks in the concrete are too
severe.
B: You're right. We'll start tomorrow.
9 Suggested Answer
Jackson Construction
Work Order
Remington Bridge
Items that need repair: The deck of the bridge has
many large cracks. The parapet is too low to meet
new safety standards.
Steps for repair: To repair the deck, we must repave
the entire surface. To fix the parapet, we must
increase its height to four feet.

1 Suggested Answers Order of repairs: The deck work will take much
longer, so begin that task first. When the deck is
1 Piers, hammerhead piers, and bent caps are parts
repaved , start work on the parapet.
of a bridge that provide support.
2 A bridge must support a live load, which includes
traffic. Unit6
1 Suggested Answers
2 1 F 2 T 3 T
1 Post and wire fencing, post and rail fencing,
barbed wire, and snow fencing are some types of
3 1 c 3 D 5 F 7 E
fencing used along roads in rural areas.
2 A 4 B 6 G
2 Snow fencing might be used in areas with cold
winters.
4 1 A live load B dead load
2 A deck B pier
2 1 c 2 c 3 B
5 Suggested Answer
3 1 D 3 B 5 A
The bridge, deck, and parapet of the bridge all need 2 E 4 c 6 F
work to be done on them.
4 1 strained wire fence 4 chain-link fence
6 1 T 2 F 3 F 2 concrete wall 5 Snow fencing
3 livestock 6 ancillary work
7 1 need work 4 start with
2 What about 5 Should we just 5 Suggested Answer
3 start on first 6 Are you sure
The man suggests three types of fences: post and
rail fencing, post and wire fencing, and a strained wire
8 Suggested Answer
fence made of barbed wire.
A: I have your inspection report.
B: Great. Were there any problems? 6 1 F 2 T 3 T
A: Yes. The deck and parapet need work.
B: What's wrong with them? 7 1 finished digging 4 go with plan B
A: The deck is cracked and the parapet is too short. 2 You're kidding 5 go back
B: Okay. What about the deck. Do we need to 3 going to do 6 move on with more
repave it?
A: Yes. lt has severe cracks.
B: What should we work on first?
Answer Key 27
 Book 3 Answer Key

8 Suggested Answer 7 1 safety checks 4 underground

A: So what progress have you made so far?
B: We worked on the first mile. We finished digging
the holes for the posts. But we didn't have enough
wire to finish the fence.
A: You're kidding. Didn't we order enough?
B: We did. But part of the shipment was delayed.
A: So what are you going to do today?
B: Well, we need to stay on schedule. So we'll go
with plan B and start installing the posts.
A: Good. You can go back and finish building the
fence when the rest of the wire arrives.
B: That's what I thought, too. But what should we do
if we finish installing the posts?
A: Hmm. I think the best thing would be to move on
with more post holes.
B: That's a good idea.
9 Suggested Answer
To: Mike Alien
From: Sarah Jackson
Subject: Fencing Project
Mr. Alien,
I wanted to update you on the progress of the Route
7 fencing project. We dug the post holes. However,
the barbed wire did not arrive. We will install the posts
today. If the barbed wire does not arrive, we will
continue digging post holes. If it does arrive, we'll
complete the first section.
Sarah
Unit 7
1 Suggested Answers
1 Trench collapses and accidental interference with
underground cables or gas lines are some of the
dangers when building a road.
2 A trench collapse could result in injury to workers.
2 c 2 B 3 B
2 power lines 5 site
3 electric company 6 are located
8 Suggested Answer
A: Hi. Can we talk about the new highway construction
site?
B: Sure. What are you thinking about?
A: We're starting the project soon and we'll need to
do some safety checks.
B: I've actually been looking into safety this week.
A: Good. I'm most concerned about power lines and
gas lines.
B: Well, I talked with the electric company, and they
say there are three power lines in the area.
A: Is there anything underground?
B: Yes, there's one underground cable nearby.
A: How about gas lines?
B: They're checking the site today. They'll let me
know soon.
A: OK. When you find out, draw up a map that notes
where these lines are located.
B: No problem.
A: Great. After that, we'll make sure those lines are
marked.
9 Suggested Answer
Project Safety Report
We have started safety checks for the Highway 58
construction site. The project is scheduled to begin
next week. The team contacted the electric
company to find out if there are any _power or gas
lines in the area. According to the company, there
are three power lines as well as one underground
cable. The team is still waiting to get information
about gas lines from the utility company. After we
receive all of the information, the project manager will
complete a map of all of the power and gas lines in
the area. The last step before the project begins will
be clearly marking each line at the site.

3 1 H 3 B 5 D 7 E UnitS
2 c 4 A ,. 6 G 8 F
1 Suggested Answers
4 1 A vigilant B Power lines 1 When traffic merges two lanes of traffic form into
2 A personnel B hazards one.
2 A road closure might be necessary due to flooding
5 Suggested Answer or major road construction taking place.
The first step to take in the case of an emergency is
to evacuate all personnel. 2 Road closure: use signs directing drivers to detour
Reduced lanes: use merging taper to direct drivers
6 1 F 2 T 3 T to correct lane
Two-way traffic in one lane: post workers with stop/go
boards at each end of area
28 Answer Key
 Book 3 Answer Key

3 1 D 3 F 5 c 7 A 4 1 A Minimum visibility B Warning signs

2 E 4 B 6 G 2 A hazard B approach speed

4 1 A detour B traffic control 5 Suggested Answer

2 A merging taper B shifting taper The warning sign will notify drivers of icy conditions
on a bridge.
5 Suggested Answer
A well-marked merging taper ensures that drivers are 6 T 2 F 3 F
aware ahead of time that they need to merge. This
can prevent a collision. 7 1 fill you in 4 icy conditions
2 going on 5 crossing.. signs
6 1 T 2 F 3 T 3 Got it 6 will do it

7 1 an accident 4 the manual 8 Suggested Answer

2 too serious 5 the right lane
3 a minor one 6 merging taper
8 Suggested Answer
A: I heard there was an accident at the Third Street
job today.
B: I'm afraid so. But it wasn't anything too serious.
A: Well, I don't like to hear there was an accident,
even a minor one. What happened?
B: Well, a car collided with the traffic barrier in the
right lane.
A: So the right lane was closed?
B: That's correct. We had a shifting taper set up to
get people onto the shoulder, but I guess this
driver didn't realize until it was too late.
A: How long was the shifting taper?
B: We used a 500-foot taper. The speed limit on
Third Street is only 40 miles per hour, so that
should have been enough.
A: Well, that sounds reasonable to me, but maybe you
should increase the taper to 750 feet to be safe.
9 Suggested Answer
There was an accident at the Third Street job when
a car collided with the barrier. We had set up a 500-
foot shifting taper, but the driver did not realize he
needed to move over to the shoulder. We extended
the taper to 750 feet to prevent further accidents.
A: Did you get the order from the city of Oakland?
B: No, I haven't received the paperwork.
A: I'll fill you in on the details.
B: Okay. What's going on?
A: First, we're shipping two yield signs. We're also
adding a stop sign to the order.
B: Are there any other signs on the order?
A: Yes, a few more. There's a warning sign about a
sharp curve and two crossing signs.
B: What kind of crossing signs do we need? Children
crossing signs?
A: No, both are animal crossing signs. They're going
on a rural road.
B: And that's it?
A: Yeah, that's all.
9 Suggested Answer
Mr. Jackson,
Here are the details on the new signs we need. At
the intersection of 1Oth and Main, we need a new
stop sign. We also need a yield sign on the corner of
Meridian Boulevard and Park Street.
The mininum visibility is sixty feet for each, since
traffic in both areas has the same approach speed.
As usual, the signs should have a seven foot
mounting height and the usual color schemes.
Let me know if you have any questions.

Unit9 Sincerely,
Janet Carlson
1 Suggested Answers
1 Stop signs, yield signs, crossing signs, and warning Unit 10
signs are examples of road signs.
2 A warning sign alerts drivers to dangers. 1 Suggested Answers
1 Median barriers and guard rails are installed for
2 D 2 B 3 B safety reasons.
2 People wait for a bus at a bus stop.
3 1 H 3 D 5 G 7 c
2 A 4 E 6 B 8 F 2 A 2 c 3 c
Answer Key 29
 Book 3 Answer Key

3 1 H 3 A 5 c 7 G Unit 11
2 F 4 B 6 D 8 E Suggested Answers
1 Viscometers and penetrometers are examples of
4 1 guard rail 3 trash can
concrete testing equipment.
2 mail boxes 4 median barrier
2 Paving materials are produced in a batch plant.
5 Suggested Answer
2 F 2 T 3 F
On the Block 11 project, bollards and street lights will
control traffic. On Highway 19, the median barrier and 3 1 D 3 F 5 E 7 c
guard rails will affect safety. 2 G 4 A 6 B

6 T 2 F 3 F 4 Measuring temperature: ring and ball test

Measuring viscosity: penetrometer, standard tar
7 1 I suggest 4 What about viscometer
2 work out the details 5 If I were you Taking samples: riffling, quartering
3 Pick out 6 Got it
5 Suggested Answer
8 Suggested Answer
A material with higher viscosity typically sets harder
A: Hello, Peter Jackson, Meyer Construction. than a material with lower viscosity. lt also requires
B: Mr. Jackson, it's Jane Hicks. This is embarrassing, but more heat to prepare the material for paving.
I deleted your email with street furniture instructions.
A: Don't worry about the email. We just got our 6 B 2 c
permit for the project.
B: That's great! 7 1 can I help you 4 hard surface
A: Yes, we can begin work immediately. 2 a new batch 5 thicker than normal
B: Where should I start? 3 batch plant 6 just how hot
A: 1 suggest you arrange the street and traffic lights
first. 8 Suggested Answer
B: And then? A: How can I help you?
A: Pick out the phone booths next. B: Hi, 1 need to have someone come out to examine
B: Do we have a vendor? a new batch of tar.
A: We do. We used him on our last project. Check A: 1 can schedule a visit to your mixing plant this
out his catalogue. afternoon. What types of tests do you need?
B: Will do. What about the highway project? B: Well 1 know we need to determine the viscosity.
A: If I were you, I would ask the engineers about the This' tar is thinner than our usual stuff, since we're
median barrier and guard rail lengths first. using it for a softer surface.
B: Got it. I'll call them right away. A: Then we'll probably need to send a standard tar
viscometer. And since the tar is thinner than
9 Suggested Answer normal, it probably has a lower EVT.
To: Harrison Baylor B: Right. So we need to know just how hot it should
From: Mary Henderson be before we start laying it.
Subject: Downtown Street Furniture A: Okay, so we'll set you up for a ring and ball test
as well.
Mr. Baylor, "'
Here is a list of the street furniture for the downtown
construction project. We need four sets of traffic 9 Suggested Answer
lights for the intersection of 1st Street and Coal Chem Testing
Avenue. Bollards will go on the south side of the road Order Summary
to prevent traffic from entering the pedestrian mall. Client: Wilson's Paving
We also need a trash can on both the northwest and Tests: The c lient needs several tests performed.
southeast corners. Streetlights should be placed on
all four corners. Test #1: We will need to have the viscosity checked
Let me know if you have any questions. with a standard tar viscometer for a softer surface.
Mary

30 Answer Key
 Book 3 Answer Key

Test #2: We will also need to test EVT since the 9 Suggested Answer
material likely has a lower viscosity than their usual Raymond Testing
material. Concrete Test Report
Tests Performed: We performed a slump test and a
Unit 12
compacting factor test.
1 Suggested Answers
Test Results: The concrete failed both tests. The
1 Slump tests, silt tests, and cube tests are important slump test collapsed after the cone was removed.
tests preformed on concrete. The compacting factor test showed a low workability.
2 A trap door is part of a hopper.
Recommended Tests: Because the concrete failed
2 1 F 2 F 3 T both tests, we are recommending a silt test.

3 1 F 3 B 5 G 7 A Unit 13
2 c 4 D 6 E
1 Suggested Answers
4 1 A slump test 1 Scouring, spalling, and both structural and
B Vebe test shrinkage cracks are problems that can affect a
2 A silt test bridge . .
B degree of compactibility test 2 No. A structural crack is more serious than a
3 A compacting factor test shrinkage crack.
B cube test
2 1 A 2 D 3 D
5 Suggested Answer
3 1 E 3 c 5 B
All tests should use a standard sampling plan.
2 F 4 D 6 A
6 1 F 2 T 3 F
4 1 A shrinkage crack B structural crack
2 A Sand blast B Steam clean
7 1 Did you say 4 test results said
2 too wet 5 Not if it failed
5 Suggested Answer
3 right 6 hold off
The deck has no major structural problems, but does
8 Suggested Answer have shrinkage cracks, and spalling of concrete near
the end of the bridge. it requires some repairs.
A: Hello, Concrete Testing Services. How can I help
you?
6 1 T 2 T 3 F
B: Good morning. You completed tests for my
company, Goodwin Construction.
A: Yes, we completed your tests just the other day.
7 1 spalled concrete 4 only need to
2 take care of 5 just come back
B: I've got a problem. We performed a slump test.
3 And after 6 really depends on
And it collapsed.
A: I'm sorry, I didn't hear you. Did you say it was
8 Suggested Answer
slumped or collapsed?
B: it collapsed. The concrete was too wet. A: I just read your report. The first problem is the
A: That's definitely a problem. scouring near the foundation?
B: I agree. But, the other tests were normal, right? B: Yes. I suggest using sand bags to fill the scoured
A: Yes, that's true. But you shouldn't use the areas.
concrete if it failed the slump test. We'll send a A: Okay. That shouldn't be a problem.
representative out to your site immediately. B: There are also shrinkage cracks on the deck.
B: I was about to add more Portland cement to the A: Yes, we need to take care of that, too.
mix. B: First, you need to sand blast the cracks.
A: I wouldn't do that. Our representative should be A: Right. And after sand blasting, we fill it with new
able to tell what went wrong. That way you only concrete.
have to correct the mix once. B: Actually, I would suggest mortar. You only need
B: Okay, I'll wait. to use new concrete for large areas.

Answer Key 31
 Book 3 Answer Key

A: Really? Concrete is much stronger. If we use
mortar, I'm afraid the cracks will just continue.
B: For small cracks, mortar is fine. But for structural
cracks, you need to lay new concrete.
A: Sounds good to me.
9 Suggested Answer
To: Carl Smith
From: Brad Jenks
Subject: Inspection Report
Mr. Smith,
I have completed the inspection report. The apron
and invert are in good condition. There is some
spalling on the deck. There is also some scouring
around the foundation as wel l. To repair the spalling,
I suggest sand blasting the area. Then, I would fill it
with mortar. Concrete doesn't have to be used unless
the area is large. To repair the scouring around the
foundation, I recommend that you fill the holes with
sandbags. Let me know if you have any questions.
Brad Jenks
Unit 14
1 Suggested Answers
1 Repainting, sweeping, and patching are some
maintenance tasks that need to be carried out on
roads.
2 The road can be widened.
2 T 2 F 3 T
A: So what do you think we should do first?
B: Let's start with patching.
A: Good idea. Patching should be enough there.
What else?
B: We'll need to do some repainting, too.
A: But what about bigger changes? We need to make
structural changes on Onyx Avenue.
B: Yeah, we'll have to widen some parts of the street.
A: In my opinion, we also need to resurface it.
B: Okay. That section is pretty torn up.
A: We could have one team work on patching.
Another big team can do resurfacing by the park.
B: Sounds good.
9 Suggested Answer
Project Plan
Road improvements on several streets have been
approved. Fifth Avenue is a high traffic area.
Therefore, keeping it in good condition is essential.
The intersection of Fifth and Carlton Avenues will
need to be patched to correct any unevenness.
When that is completed, lanes on the street will be
repainted as well. Main Street needs more structural
maintenance, however. That street will be widened
to allow for better traffic conditions in the area. 0 n
Fifth Avenue, near the park, the street will be
resurfaced. One team will focus on patching the
streets. The other will work on resurfacing the area
by the park. All repainting will be completed last.
Unit 15

3 1 H 3 E 5 G 7 A 1 Suggested Answers
2 B 4 D 6 c 8 F 1 A plow is used to remove snow from roads.
2 Rock salt is commonly used to salt roads.
4 1 A repaint B maintain
2 A structural B routine 2 F 2 T 3 F

5 Suggested Answer 3 1 F 3 E 5 G 7 B
The mayor approved both routine and structural road 2 c 4 H 6 A 8 D
maintenance. Workers will resurface and repaint roads.
They will also widen a street in the downtown area. 4 1 A Shot blasting B Bush hammering
2 A Plowing B retexturing
6 T 2 F 3 T 3 A snow removal B rotating disc

7 1 improvements 4 repainting 5 Suggested Answer

2 heavy traffic 5 structural changes Some retexturing methods that might be used are
3 patching 6 widen bush hammering, shot blasting, and using rotating
discs. The city would like to avoid high pressure water
8 Suggested Answer retexturing.
A: We should start thinking about improvements on
Gold Street. 6 1 B 2 A
B: Yes, definitely.

32 Answer Key
 Book 3 Answer Key

7 1 be happy to 4 more expensive

2 let's start by 5 run higher
3 shot blasting 6 higher the price

8 Suggested Answer
A: Caston City Hall. How can I help you?
B: Hello, this is Mike Hayes with Hayes Contractors.
A: Hello, are you calling to discuss a highway
maintenance bid?
B: Yes.
A: Are you interested in all three projects?
B: We're interested in helping with retexturing and
snow removal.
A: How about pressure grouting?
B: We don't specialize in that. Although I'd be happy
to help you find someone.
A: Well, let's start by talking about retexturing.
B: Yes, it looks like that's the biggest project.
A: Which abrasion techniques do you typically use?
B: We have experience with shot blasting and bush
hammering.
A: Great. Which one is more expensive?
B: Shot blasting could run higher.
A: How is that determined?
B: lt depends on how much concrete has to be
removed. The deeper we go and the larger the
area, the higher the price.

9 Suggested Answer
Bid for Highway Maintenance Project
Company: Hayes Contracting
Physical Abrasion Methods: Hayes Construction offers
abrasion through the use of rotating discs, bush
hammering, and shot blasting. When appropriate, we
can also offer high pressure water retexturing.
Rotating discs and bush hammering are the most
affordable options. Shot blasting and high pressure
water retexturing are the more expensive options.
Snow Removal and De-icing: Hayes Contracting
offers plowing and salting services. Our trucks are
equipped to spread rock salt as we plow falling snow.

Answer Key 33
 Audioscripts
Unit 1
Contractor (M): Leonard Construction, Conrad speaking.
Planner (F): Hi, Conrad. it's Sarah Adams at the city
planner's office. I got your email. But I have a few
questions.
Contractor: Okay, what can I tell you?
Planner: Well, you mentioned a barrier curb. What exactly
is that?
Contractor: Oh, a barrier curb goes between lanes of
traffic. it's strong enough to stop cars from crossing
over it.
Planner: I see. That's what I thought. But how is that
different from a vertical curb?
Contractor: A vertical curb isn't a strong as a barrier curb.
Planner: I'm sorry, I didn't catch that. Did you say it isn't
as long as a barrier curb?
Contractor: No, you misheard me. Vertical curbs aren't
as strong as barrier curbs.
Planner: Got it. So they can't be used for the same jobs?
Contractor: Definitely not. lt wouldn't be safe.
Planner: Understood.
Contractor: Was there anything else?
Planner: Yes, one thing. You suggested cut stone curbs
for the residential project.
Contractor: I did. lt would look great.
Planner: Yes, but unfortunately, we don't have the budget
for that.
Contractor: Well, a standard curb and gutter would work
as well.
Unit 2
Manager (F): Jim, are you ready to try your first curb
installation?
Employee (M): Yes. I've been watching the other workers.
I'm ready to give it a shot.
Manager: Okay, tell me what you're going to do first.
Employee: Well, the curb bed is already laid. So all I need
to do is make sure the curb is positioned correctly
along the curb line.
Manager: Aren't you forgetting something?
Employee: Hmm. Let me see. Oh, do I need to put in a
haunch?
Manager: No, that comes later. I'll give you a hint. What
holds the curb in the curb bed?
Employee: When the concrete dries, it will secure the
curb, right?
Manager: No, that's only the case in wet beds. This is a
dry bed.
Employee: Oh, I see. So it needs bonding?
Manager: That's right. You'll need to use the epoxy resin
to bond the curb to the curb bed.
Employee: Got it. I'll remember that next time.
34 Answer Key
Unit3
Employee (M): Good morning, welcome to Jackson and
Sons. How can I help you?
Planner (F): Hello. I'm a city planner for the mayor's office,
and we're looking at redoing some city sidewalks.
Employee: I'm glad you chose to come here! Are these
urban or residential sidewalks?
Planner: Some of both. I wanted to talk about prices.
Employee: Sure. Well, it depends on the material.
assume you want concrete?
Planner: Yes. Do you have different types of concrete
paving slabs?
Employee: Of course. We work with both hydraulically
pressed slabs and open-mold slabs.
Planner: What's the difference in cost?
Employee: Hydraulically pressed slabs go for about six
dollars per square foot.
Planner: And how about open-mold slabs?
Employee: Those will run you more like ten dollars per
square foot.
Planner: Are there advantages with open-mold slabs?
Employee: Well, you can add different colors and textures.
Planner: Hmm. Is one of them stronger than the other?
Employee: Yes, hydraulically pressed slabs are usually
stronger. Open-mold slabs can be more decorative.
Planner: Okay, we'll probably use hydraulically pressed
slabs. But I need to check with my supervisor before
we make an order.
Unit4
Interviewer (M): So, Ms. Andrews, it says on your
application that you used to work for GMA Engineering.
Applicant (F): That's right. I headed several bridge design
projects there.
Interviewer: That's excellent. What types of projects did
you handle?
Applicant: Well, for my last project, I was the lead
engineer on the Unibar Bridge construction.
Interviewer: That's a suspension bridge, isn't it?
Applicant: Yes, it replaced the old beam bridge across
the bay. The county needed something that could
handle much higher traffic flow.
Interviewer: Wow. We do need someone with that kind
of experience. That must have been a major project.
Applicant: lt was. We made it a double-decked bridge
with northbound traffic above and southbound traffic
below.
Interviewer: Our upcoming project is actually a moveable
bridge that needs to accommodate passing boats.
Are you prepared to take on a project like that?
Applicant: I don't have a lot of experience with moveable
bridges, but I'm eager to learn.
Interviewer: Well, that's something we like to see, too.

Unit 5
Engineer (M): Ms. Roy. I've got your inspection report here.
Contractor (F): Great. Were there any problems?
Engineer: Yes, a few, actually. The deck, lanes, and parapet
need work.
Contractor: What's wrong with them?
Engineer: The lanes are too narrow, the deck has cracks,
and the parapet is too short.
Contractor: Okay. What about the lanes? We'll need to
widen them?
Engineer: Yes. Right now, they're not wide enough to
meet new safety codes.
Contractor: Of course. I'm glad you noticed that. What
should we work on first?
Engineer: Since it will probably be the most work, I'd start
with the deck and lanes.
Contractor: Okay. Should we just repaint the pavement
that's already there?
Engineer: No. You should re-lay the whole road.
Contractor: Really? Are you sure that's necessary?
Engineer: Absolutely. The cracks in the concrete are too
severe.
Contractor: All right, then. That's what we'll do.
Unit 6
Owner (F): Thomas, you're leading the fence installation
on Route Seven, yes?
Manager (M): Yes, Ms. Alien, I am.
Owner: What progress have you made so far?
Manager: We worked on the first quarter mile yesterday.
We finished digging the holes for the posts. But we
didn't have enough timber to finish the fence.
Owner: You're kidding. Didn't we order enough?
Manager: We did. But part of the shipment was delayed.
Owner: So what are you going to do today?
Manager: Well, we need to stay on schedule. So we'll go
with plan B and start installing the posts.
Owner: Good. You can go back and finish building the
fence when the rest of the timber gets here.
Manager: That's what I thought, too. But what should we
do if we finish installing the posts?
Owner: Hmm. I think the best thing would be to move on
with more post holes.
Manager: That's a good idea. After all, we have miles of
fence to set.
Owner: Good. Are you having any other problems or
delays?
Manager: No. The rest of the project is on track.
Unit 7
Contractor (F): Good morning, Randy. Can we chat about
the Highway 58 construction site?
Manager (M): Hi, Melissa. Of course. What's on your mind?
Audioscripts
Contractor: We're starting the project next week and
we'll need to do some safety checks.
Manager: Sure, I've been looking into safety already.
What do you need to know?
Contractor: I'm most concerned about power lines and
gas lines.
Manager: Okay. I talked with the electric company, and
they say there are three power lines in the area.
Contractor: Is there anything underground?
Manager: Yes, the electric company has one underground
cable nearby.
Contractor: How about gas lines?
Manager: They're checking the site today. They'll let me
know by the end of the day.
Contractor: Good. When you find out, draw up a map
that notes where the lines are located.
Manager: Sure, I'll get you a map by Wednesday at the
latest.
Contractor: Great. After that, we'll go to the site and
make sure those lines are marked.
Manager: Sounds good.
UnitS
Owner (F): Dale, I heard there was an accident at the
Third Street job today.
Supervisor (M): I'm afraid so, Ma'am. But it wasn't anything
too serious.
Owner: Well, I don't like to hear there was an accident,
even a minor one. As you know, any accident can
lead to a lawsuit.
Supervisor: I don't think we did anything wrong, Ma'am.
We set up the work zone according to the manual.
Owner: I hope so. What happened?
Supervisor: Well, a car collided with the traffic barrier in
the right lane.
Owner: So the right lane was closed?
Supervisor: That's correct. We had a merging taper set
up to get people into the left lane, but I guess this
driver didn't realize until it was too late.
Owner: How long was the merging taper?
Supervisor: We used a 500-foot taper. The speed limit
on Third Street is only 40 miles per hour, so that
should have been enough. Plus, there was reflective
tape on the barrier.
Owner: Well, that sounds reasonable to me, but maybe
you should increase the taper to 750 feet to be safe.
Unit9
Employee 1 (M): Hi Rosa. Did you get the order from the
city of Huntsville?
Employee 2 (F): No, I haven't received the paperwork yet.
Employee 1: No worries. I'll fill you in on the major stuff
now.
Answer Key 35
 Audioscripts
Employee 2: Okay. What's going on?
Employee 1: First, we're shipping two stop signs. We're
also adding a yield sign to the order.
Employee 2: Got it. Are there any other signs on the
order?
Employee 1: Yes, a few more. There's a warning sign
about icy conditions and two crossing signs.
Employee 2: What kind of crossing signs do we need?
Animal crossing signs?
Employee 1: No, both are children crossing signs. They're
going near a school.
Employee 2: And that's it?
Employee 1: Yeah, that will do it.
Unit 10
Manager (F): Hello, Amanda Peterson, Breckin Construction.
Contractor (M): Ms. Peterson, it's John Parker. This is
embarrassing, but I deleted your email with street
furniture instructions.
Manager: Mr. Parker! Don't worry about the email. You
called at a perfect time. We just got our permit for
the project.
Contractor: Oh, that's great!
Manager: Yes, we can begin work immediately.
Contractor: So, where should I start?
Manager: Well, I suggest you arrange the street and
traffic lights first. Then work out the details for the
benches and trash cans.
Contractor: Okay. And then?
Manager: Pick out the bollards next. They have to be
both functional and attractive.
Contractor: Do we have a vendor?
Manager: We do. We used him on our last project. Look at
his catalog and see if there are any that complement
the site.
Contractor: Will do. What about the highway project?
What should we do there?
Manager: If I were you, I would ask the engineers about
the median barrier and guard rail lengths first.
Contractor: Got it. I'll call them right away.
Unit 11
Representative (M): Thanks for calling Levy Chem
Testing. How can I help you?
Client (F): Hi, this is Linda Wilson with Wilson's Paving. I
need to have someone come out to examine a new
batch of tar.
Representative: I can schedule a visit to your batch plant
this afternoon. What types of tests do you need?
Client: Well, I know we need to determine the viscosity.
This tar is thicker than our usual stuff, since we're
using it for an especially hard surface.
36 Answer Key
Representative: Then we'll probably need to send a
penetrometer. And since the tar is thicker than
normal, it probably has a higher EVT.
Client: Right. So we need to know just how hot it should
be before we start laying it.
Representative: Okay, so we'll set you up for a ring and
ball test as well.
Client: Great. Do you need me to prepare a sample
before the tester arrives?
Representative: No, just leave it to us. Our tester will
determine the most appropriate way to extract a
sample from your batch.
Unit 12
Employee (F): Hi, this is Rachel with U.S. Concrete Testing
Services. How can I help you?
Client (M): Good morning, my name is Oliver Smith, from
Johanson's Construction and Building. You did some
tests for my company.
Employee: Hi, Mr. Smith. Yes, we completed your tests
just the other day.
Client: Yes, we got your results. Thank you. But I've got
a question.
Employee: Of course. Let me look up your tests on the
computer. Okay, ready.
Client: Well, it's just that we performed a slump test. And
it col lapsed.
Employee: I'm sorry, I didn't hear you. Did you say it was
slumped or collapsed?
Client: it collapsed. So we know that the concrete was
too wet.
Employee: Hmm. Okay, that's definitely a problem if the
consistency is wrong.
Client: I agree. But, the other tests were normal, right?
Employee: Yes, that's true.
Client: Well, whatever the test results said, I can't use
this concrete.
Employee: No, Sir. Not if it failed the slump test. We'll
send a representative out to your site immediately.
Client: I was about to add more Portland cement to the
mix. Should I hold off?
Employee: I would. Our representative will run all the tests
again. He should be able to tell what went wrong. That
way you only have to correct the mix once.
Client: Okay, I'll wait then. Thanks.
Unit 13
Contractor (F): Good morning, David. How are you doing?
Engineer (M): Hey Diane! I'm great. I'm guessing you're
here to discuss the Larabee Street Bridge repairs?
Contractor: Yes, I just read your report. The first problem
is the scouring near the foundation?
 Audioscripts

Engineer: Right, we should address that immediately. I Unit 15

suggest using sand bags to fill the scoured areas. Employee (F): Good morning, Brighton City Hall, this is
Contractor: Okay. That shouldn't be a problem. Janet. How can I help you?
Engineer: Another issue, though, is the spalled concrete Contractor (M): Hello, this is Phil Reynolds with Reynolds
on the deck. Contractors.
Contractor: Yes, we need to take care of that, too. Employee: Oh, great. Are you calling to discuss a highway
Engineer: First, you need to cut out the spalled concrete. maintenance bid?
Then sand blast it. Contractor: Yes, that's right. We can do a wide variety
Contractor: Right. And after sand blasting, we fill it with of maintenance projects.
new concrete. Employee: Are you interested in all three projects?
Engineer: Actually, I would suggest mortar. You only Contractor: We're very interested in helping with
need to use new concrete for large areas. pressure grouting and retexturing.
Contractor: Really? Concrete is much stronger. I'm afraid Employee: How about snow removal and de-icing?
that if we use mortar, the spalled concrete will just Contractor: We don't specialize in that. Although I'd be
come back. happy to help you find someone.
Engineer: Well, it really depends on the size of the area. Employee: Well, let's start by talking about retexturing.
Contractor: Maybe we could just use concrete for any Contractor: Yes, it looks like that's the biggest project.
areas that are particularly large. Employee: Which abrasion techniques do you typically
Engineer: That sounds fine to me. use?
Contractor: Great. For now, I think we're ready to begin. Contractor: We've got a lot of experience with both shot
blasting and bush hammering.
Unit 14 Employee: Great. Which one is more expensive?
Contractor: Hmm, the prices are very close between
Contractor 1 (M): Hi, Karen. We should start thinking
those two. Shot blasting costs could run higher, though.
about Fifth Avenue.
Employee: How is that determined?
Contractor 2 (F): Good idea. That street needs major
Contractor: lt depends on how much concrete has to be
improvements.
removed. The deeper we go and the larger the area,
Contractor 1: Yes, definitely. And it usually has heavy
the higher the price.
traffic.
Contractor 2: So what do you think we should do first?
Contractor 1: Let's start with patching. The intersection
at Fifth and Carlton Street is really problematic.
Contractor 2: I agree. Patching should be enough there.
What else?
Contractor 1: We'll need to do some repainting as well.
Contractor 2: But what about bigger structural projects?
We need to make structural changes on Fifth Avenue.
Contractor 1: Yeah, we'll have to widen some parts of
the street.
Contractor 2: No, that's not right. You're thinking of Main
Street.
Contractor 1: Sorry, my mistake. That is Main Street. But
for Fifth Avenue, what are we doing?
Contractor 2: In my opinion, we need to resurface it
downtown, by the park.
Contractor 1: Okay. That section is pretty torn up.
Contractor 2: We could have one team work on patching.
Another team can do resurfacing by the park.
Contractor 1: Sure. Repainting can happen last, when the
other changes are finished.

Answer Key 37
 Construction 11

Career Paths: Construction 11- Roads & Highways is a new educational

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