Position to Moment of force (ox) set 2 (answer)

[10120051] <lvl=dif><part=core><type=lq><cur=phy,cs><mark=11><bk=2><ch=01>
1. At time t = 0, a ball is projected vertically upwards. Its initial speed is 10 m s1. It
slows down when it moves upwards and is momentarily at rest when it is at the
highest position. Then it speeds up when it falls. Its speed is 10 m s1 when it
returns to the initial position at t = 2.04 s. The acceleration of the ball remains
constant in the whole journey.
(a) Find the acceleration of the ball. (2 marks)
(b) Find the average velocity of the ball from t = 0 to t = 2.04 s. (2 marks)
(c) When is the speed of the ball equal to 3 m s1? (4 marks)
(d) Another ball is projected vertically upwards at 10 m s1 at t = 1 s. When are
the speeds of the two balls equal? The two balls have the same acceleration.
(3 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
Take upwards as positive.
total change in velocity
(a) Acceleration = 1M
total time of travel
 10  10
=
2.04
= 9.80 m s2
1A
The acceleration is 9.80 m s2 downwards.
(b) Total displacement = 0 1M
total displaceme nt
Average velocity = =0 1A
total time of travel
(c) The speed of the ball can be equal to 3 m s1 in both the upward and
downward journeys.
total change in velocity
Apply acceleration = .
total time of travel
In the upward journey,
3  10
9.80 = 1M
t
t = 0.714 s 1A
In the downward journey,
 3  10
9.80 = 1M
t

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 t = 1.33 s 1A
The speed of the ball is equal to 3 m s1 at t = 0.714 s and 1.33 s.
(d) The speeds of the balls are equal only when the first ball is moving
downwards and the second ball is moving upwards.
Suppose the two balls are both moving at speed v at t = T.
total change in velocity
Apply acceleration = .
total time of travel
For the first ball,
 v  10
9.80 = 1M
T
v = 9.8T  10 (1)
For the second ball,
v  10
9.80 = 1M
T 1
v = 19.8  9.8T (2)
Combining (1) and (2),
9.8T  10 = 19.8  9.8T
T = 1.52 s 1A
The speeds of the two balls are equal at t = 1.52 s.

-- ans end --

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 [10120237] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=lq><cur=phy,cs><mark=10><bk=2><ch=02>
2. Louis participates in a 100-m sprint. His vt graph is as shown.

v / m s1

0 t/s
2 11

(a) Calculate the value of V. (2 marks)

(b) What is the acceleration during the first 2 second? (2 marks)
(c) Sketch the at graph of Louis. (3 marks)
(d) The winner in the sprint accelerates uniformly in the first 2.5 s and then
continues the rest of the race with the velocity attained. He finishes the race
in 10.5 s. Sketch his vt graph in above graph. Indicate the value of his
maximum velocity in the graph. (3 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) Displacement = area under graph
1
100 = (9 + 11)V 1M
2
V = 10 m s1 1A
(b) Acceleration = slope of graph

10  0
= 1M
20
= 5 m s2 1A
(c)
a / m s2

0 t/s
2 11

(Correct labelled axes with units) 1A

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 (Each correct straight line) 2  1A
(d)
v / m s1
10.8

0 t/s
2 2.5 10.5 11

(Smaller acceleration) 1A
(Correct maximum speed) 1A
(Correct time) 1A

-- ans end –

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[10120384] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=lq><cur=phy,cs><mark=10><bk=2><ch=02>
3. The v–t graph below shows the motion of a car in a journey along a straight road.
The forward direction is taken as positive.

v / m s1

20

60
0 t/s
20 40 50 100

40

(a) Describe the motion of the car from t = 0 to t = 100 s. (5 marks)

(b) Sketch the a–t graph of the car from t = 0 to t = 100 s. (3 marks)
(c) What is the total displacement of the car in the whole journey? (2 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) From 020 s, the car moves forwards with a uniform acceleration from
rest. 1A
From 2040 s, the car moves with a constant velocity of 20 m s–1
forwards. 1A
From 4050 s, the car decelerates uniformly to stop. 1A
From 5060 s, the car remains at rest. 1A
From 60100 s, the car moves backwards with a uniform acceleration
from rest. 1A
(b)

a / m s2

50
0 t/s
20 40 60 100

1

2

(Correct labelled axes with units) 1A

(Correct accelerations) 1A
(Correct times) 1A

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(c) The total displacement = area under v–t graph
(20  50)  20 (100  60 )  ( 40 )
=  1M
2 2
= 100 m
The total displacement is 100 m in the backward direction. 1A

-- ans end –

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[10120812] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=lq><cur=phy,cs><mark=14><bk=2><ch=03>
4. Sam stands on a weighing scale calibrated in newtons in a lift. The graph below
shows how the reading of the scale varies with time t. The lift starts at t = 5 s.

reading / N

673
600
527

0 t/s
5 10 30 35

(a) Does the lift go up or down? (1 mark)

(b) Find Sam’s acceleration at t = 8 s. (3 marks)
(c) Find Sam’s acceleration at t = 32 s. (2 marks)
(d) Find Sam’s velocity at t = 20 s. (2 marks)
(e) Sketch Sam’s vt graph from t = 0 to t = 35 s. (4 marks)
(f) Estimate the distance that Sam travels from t = 0 to t = 35 s. (2 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
Take upwards as positive.
(a) Up 1A
(b) Let N be the normal force acting on Sam by the lift.
By F = ma, 1M
N  W = ma
600
673  600 = a 1M
9.81
a = 1.194 m s2
 1.19 m s2 1A
Sam’s acceleration is 1.19 m s2 upwards.
(c) By F = ma,
N  W = ma
600
527  600 = a 1M
9.81
a = 1.194 m s2
 1.19 m s2 1A
Sam’s acceleration is 1.19 m s2 downwards.
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(d) v = u + at 1M
= 0 + 1.194  (10  5)
= 5.97 m s1 1A
Sam’s velocity is 5.97 m s1 upwards.
(e)
v / m s1

5.97

0 t/s
5 10 30 35

(At rest from 05 s) 1A

(Speeding up uniformly from rest from 510 s) 1A
(Constant velocity from 1030 s) 1A
(Slowing down uniformly to rest from 3035 s) 1A
(f) Distance travelled = area under vt graph
(30  10 )  (35  5 )
=  5.97 1M
2
= 149 m 1A

-- ans end –

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[10121026] <lvl=dif><part=core><type=lq><cur=phy,cs><mark=14><bk=2><ch=03>
5. Box X is placed on top of box Y which is placed on a rough horizontal plane as
shown (Fig a). The maximum friction between X and Y is 3 N. The maximum
friction between Y and the plane is 5 N. The mass of X is 2 kg and the mass of Y is
6 kg. Assume that the friction acting on each box is at its maximum value when
the box is moving.

X
F
Y

rough horizontal plane

Fig a
A force F acts horizontally on Y. Figure b shows how F varies with time t. The
direction towards the right is taken as positive.
F/N

16

10

0 t/s
2 4 6
Fig b
(a) Draw all the forces acting on X and Y at t = 1 s in Figures c and d
respectively. (5 marks)

X
Y

Fig c Fig d
(b) Does X slip on Y from 06 s? Show your calculation. (4 marks)
(c) Find the acceleration of the boxes at t = 1 s. (1 mark)
(d) Find the friction between X and Y at t = 1 s. (1 mark)
(e) Sketch the forcetime graph showing the net force acting on X from 06 s.
(3 marks)
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 -- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a)
normal force by Y

X
friction by Y (fY)

weight of X

(1 correct force with correct name) 1A

(All correct) 1A

normal force
by the plane

friction by X (fX) downward

force by X
F
Y
friction by the
plane (fP)
weight of Y

(Each correct force with correct name) 6  0.5A

(b) Just before X slips, fY = 3 N
F 3
Maximum acceleration of X = = = 1.5 m s2 1M
m 2
X and Y have the same acceleration before X slips.
Consider X and Y as one object. Y is moving, hence fP = 5 N.
By F = ma,
F  fP = (mY + mY)a 1M
F  5 = (2 + 6)  1.5
F = 17 N (> max value of the applied force) 1A
 X does not slip on Y from 06 s. 1A
(c) Consider X and Y as one object.
By F = ma,
10  5 = (2 + 6)a
a = 0.625 m s2 1A
The acceleration of the boxes is 0.625 m s2 towards the right.
(d) Consider X. By F = ma,

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 friction = mX a = 2  0.625 = 1.25 N 1A
(e)
net force / N

2.75

1.25

0 t/s
2 4 6
1.25

(Correct graph from 02 s) 1A

(Correct graph from 24 s) 1A
(Correct graph from 46 s) 1A

-- ans end –

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[10137463] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=lq><cur=phy,cs><mark=10><bk=2><ch=04>
6. Darren pushes an object S up to a truck on an inclined board as shown. The mass
of S is 50 kg. The board is 3 m in length and is at an angle of 30 to the
horizontal. S is at rest at point A initially. Darren pushes S to point B with a force
of 400 N in 1 s. The speed of the object stays constant when it travels from B to
C.

S
A 30

(a) Suppose the board is smooth.

(і) Draw the free-body diagram of S. (2 marks)
(іі) Find the length of AB. (3 marks)
(ііі) What is the total time needed to push S from A to C? (3 marks)
(b) Suppose the friction between the board and the object is 80 N. Find the
length of AB and the total time needed to push S from A to C. (2 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) (і)
normal reaction

pushing force

weight

(1 correct force with correct name) 1A

(All correct) 1A
(ii) Take the moving direction of the object as positive.
By F = ma, 1M
400  50  9.81 sin 30 = 50a
a = 3.10 m s2
1
By s = ut + at 2 , 1M
2
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 1
length of AB = 0 +  3.10  12 = 1.55 m 1A
2
(ііі) Speed of S at B = at = 3.10  1 = 3.10 m s1 1M
s 3  1.55
Time needed to push S from B to C = = = 0.468 s 1M
v 3.10
Total time needed to push S from A to C = 1  0.468 = 1.47 s 1A
(b) By F  ma,
400  50  9.81 sin 30  80 = 50a
a = 1.495 m s2
1
By s = ut + at 2 ,
2

1
length of AB = 0 +  1.495  12 = 0.7475 m  0.748 m 1A
2
Speed of S at B = at = 1.495  1 = 1.495 m s1
s 3  0.7475
Time needed to push S from B to C = = = 1.51 s
v 1.495
Total time needed to push S from A to C = 1 + 1.51 = 2.51 s 1A

-- ans end –

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[10137864] <lvl=dif><part=core><type=lq><cur=phy><mark=12><bk=2><ch=05>
F
7. John puts sand into a wheelbarrow using a shovel (Fig a). O is the centre of
gravity of the shovel with sand. Suppose the shovel is held stationary and John’s
hands exert forces along the vertical direction. The distance between his hands is
0.5 m and his left hand is 0.7 m from O. The total weight of the shovel with sand
is 50 N.

X shovel

0.5 m Y wheelbarrow

0.7 m O

Fig a
(a) Mark in Figure b all the forces acting on the shovel. (2 marks)

Fig b
(b) Find the forces exerted by each of John’s hands on the shovel. (3 marks)
(c) If his left hand is closer to O, how will the forces exerted by his hands
change? Explain briefly. (3 marks)
(d) Then John pushes the wheelbarrow with a force P and it moves with a
constant velocity of 0.5 m s1 towards the right (Fig c). The total mass of the
wheelbarrow with sand is 50 kg. The resisting force acting on it is 40 N. The
normal force acting on it by the ground is Q. The mass and size of the wheel
is negligible. Find the magnitudes of P and Q. (4 marks)

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 P
0.5 m s1

c.g. Q
0.8 m

0.5 m

1.2 m

Fig c
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a)
X force from left

force from Y
right hand

weight

(1 correct force with correct name) 1A

(All correct) 1A
(b) Take moment about X.
Clockwise moment = anticlockwise moment
50  (0.5 + 0.7) cos  = FL  0.5 cos  1M
FL = 120 N
The left hand exerts a force of 120 N upwards on the shovel. 1A
Consider the vertical direction.
FL = FR + 50
FR = FL  50 = 120  50 = 70 N
The right hand exerts a force of 70 N downwards on the shovel. 1A
(c) The left hand is further away from X 1A
and can produce the same moment with a smaller force (FL is smaller). 1A
From (b), FR = FL  50. When FL is smaller, FR is also smaller. 1A
Therefore, the forces exerted by both of his hands become smaller.

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(d) Horizontal component of P = Px = resisting force = 40 N 1M
Take moment about S.
Sum of clockwise moment = sum of anticlockwise moment
Py  1.2 + Px  0.8 = 50  9.81  0.5 1M
Py  1.2 + 40  0.8 = 50  9.81  0.5
Py = 177.7 N
2 2
P = Px  Py = 402  177.72 = 182 N 1A

Consider the vertical direction.

Py + Q = mg
Q = mg  Py
= 50  9.81  177.7
= 313 N 1A

-- ans end –

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[10137862] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=lq><cur=phy><mark=12><bk=2><ch=05>
F
8. Two workmen stand on a wooden plank of negligible weight supported by two
trestles as shown.
P Q

(a) Find the upward forces exerted on the plank by each the trestle. (3 marks)
(b) Workman Q walks towards X and the plank remains in equilibrium. How will
the upward force exerted on the plank by each trestle change? Explain
briefly. (5 marks)
(c) How close towards X can Q move without making the plank topple?
(2 marks)
(d) When they finish working, P should leave the plank before Q. Explain
briefly. (2 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) Take moment about X.
Sum of clockwise moment = sum of anticlockwise moment
500  3 = FY  4 + 700  1 1M
FY = 200 N 1A
The upward force acting on the plank by the trestle at Y is 200 N.
Consider the vertical direction.
FX + FY = 500 + 700
FX = 1200  200
= 1000 N 1A
The upward force acting on the plank by the trestle at X is 1000 N.
(b) Take moment about X.
When Q walks towards X, the clockwise moment produced by him
decreases. 1A

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 Since the plank is in equilibrium, the total anticlockwise moment also
decreases. 1A
As the anticlockwise produced by P remains unchanged, the upward
force at Y decreases. 1A
Since the total downward force remains unchanged, the total upward
force (FX + FY) also remains unchanged. 1A
Therefore, the upward force at X increases. 1A
(c) Just before the plank topples, the upward force at Y is zero.
Take moment about X.
Clockwise moment = anticlockwise moment
500  d = 700  1 1M
d = 1.4 m 1A
Q can move to a position 1.4 m from X before making the plank topple.
(d) If Q leaves the plank before P, there would be no clockwise moment
about X 1A
and the plank would topple. 1A

-- ans end –

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