ABKI BAAR

99 PAAR
KINEMATICS 1D
What is Motion & its Parameters ?
Motion - An object is said to be in motion, if it changes its position with
the passage of time.
There are 5 basic parameters which are necessary to study a Motion.
➔ Distance
➔ Displacement
➔ Speed
➔ Velocity
➔ Acceleration
Average Speed
The ratio of distance covered by a particle and time is called Average Speed
Place A

total distance
time
Place B
Speed is a scalar quantity
In M.K.S. = m/sec
vavg =
In C.G.S. = cm/sec
Dimension [M0LT-1]
Average Velocity
It is the ratio of total displacement to the total time taken.

=
Place A t2 – t1
Place B
x1 , t 1 =
Δt

x2 , t 2
Average Acceleration
It is defined as the ratio of the change in velocity to the time interval.

Place A Place B Place C

v1 t1 v2 t2

0 1m/s 2m/ 3m/ 4m/s 5m/ 6m/ 7m/ 8m/ 9m/ 10m/ 11m/ 12m/s
s s s s s s s s s
 Average Acceleration

Then,
change in velocity
Average Acceleration =
time interval

=
t2 – t1 Δt
Kinematics Graphs
 y
PE
SLO

x
 PE
SLO
 Position - Time graph
s s

t t
How to find Average and Instantaneous Velocity from Position-time graph?
From the position time graph identify the velocity at 3s.
A. 1/√3 m/s s (m)
B. √3 m/s
C. 3 m/s B
70
D. Data Insufficient
40 A
10
300 600
t(s)
1 2 3 4 5 6
 Velocity - Time graph
v v

t t

Average & Instantaneous acceleration & Displacement from Velocity-time graph?

 Velocity - Time graph
v

t
 2 trains which are moving on same track in the opposite direction. Their drivers,
start slowing down the trains when the trains are 300m apart. Given graphs show
their velocities as a function of time as the train slows down. The separation
between the trains when both have stopped is:

A. 120 m
B. 280 m
C. 60 m
D. 20 m
 Acceleration Time graph
a a

t t
jerk & Change in Velocity
Acceleration versus velocity graph of a particle moving in a straight line
starting from rest is as shown in fig.
The corresponding velocity - time graph would be

A. B. a

C. D.
 The velocity displacement graph of a particle moving v
along a straight line is shown in figure. The most
suitable acceleration-displacement graph will be v0
a a
A. x B.
x
x0

x
a
a
C. x D.
x
 v

v0

x
x0
The plot of instantaneous square root of velocity w.r.t. displacement
The instantaneous acceleration at A is ?
A. 8 m/s2
B. 6 m/s2
C. 16 m/s2
D. 12 m/s2
Equations of Motion

v = u + at

s = ut + 1 at2
2

v2 = u2 + 2as
 Equations of Motion
➔ Acceleration of object is constant
➔ Equations are to be applied vectorially
a. use directions
b. we can only get displacement

v = u + at u: initial velocity
1 v: final velocity
s = ut + at2 a: uniform acceleration
2
t : time
v2 = u2 + 2as S : displacement
Galileo’s Trick
Water drops fall at regular intervals from a tap 5m above the ground. The
third drop is leaving the tap, the instant the first drop touches the ground.
How far above the ground is the second drop at that instant. (g = 10 ms-2)
A. 1.25 m
B. 2.50 m
C. 3.75 m
D. 4.00 m
Vertical Motion
Time of Ascent & Descent t=0

t=0
u
 Maximum Height

t=0
A ball is thrown vertically upward with a velocity u. Find the
total distance travelled by the ball in a time
For a particle, variation of displacement with time is given as s = bt (1 – at)
average velocity and average speed in the time interval from 0 to
If a car accelerates with acceleration depends on displacement as
a = 6x2 + 2x + 5
Find the velocity particles when it is at x = 3 m.
Given initially it starts from x = 1 with velocity 2 m/s.
A. 10 m/s
B. 12 m/s
C. 14 m/s
D. 16 m/s
 ABKI BAAR
99 PAAR
PYQ’s (JEE MAIN 2022)
ABKI BAAR
99 PAAR
KINEMATICS 2D
 Important Motion Parameters in a Projectile
Unknown Parameters

Velocity at any time t

Maximum Height H
Horizontal Range R
Time of Flight T
Equation of Trajectory

➔ Point of projection P
➔ Initial velocity (u)
➔ Angle of projectile θ
Analysis of Maximum Range Of Projectile
Let us analyze the range of a projectile

Range of projectile is same for any two angles, θ and (900 - θ) projected with
same velocity.
Find the angle of projection of a projectile at which
it’s horizontal range is twice it’s maximum height
A. tan–1 (1)
B. tan–1 (1.5)
C. tan–1 (2)
D. tan–1 (2.5)
Find the time after which the velocity vector will make an angle of 37o
with the horizontal.

A. t = 0.15 sec
B. t = 0.25 sec
C. t = 0.35 sec
D. t = 0.45 sec

10 m/s

530
Consider a 10m high wall AB at a distance of 20√3m. With what
minimum velocity should the ball be projected such that it goes over
the wall? take θ =300
g = 10 m/s2

Y
B

u
10m

300
P
A
X
Y
B
10 m
u

300
P
A
X
Projectile on an Incline
Range of Projectile on an Incline
A projectile is thrown with an initial velocity 10√2 m/s at an angle of 450
with the incline. The incline is at an angle of 300 with the horizontal, find :
I. Time of Flight
II. Range on Incline

u=

450
300
u=

450
300
A thief is running away on a straight road at 9 m/s. A policeman chases him at
10 m/s. If the policeman is 100m behind the thief .
How long will it take for policeman to catch thief ?
A. 85 sec
B. 90 sec
C. 95 sec
D. 100 sec 10 m/s 9 m/s

100m
ALTERNATIVE
10 m/s 9 m/s

100m
 Find the time of collision

370 300

A 50 m B
Without Gravity With Gravity
Identify whether 2 bodies will collide or not.
Also find the shortest distance b/w 2 Objects if they don’t collide!

30m/s
40m/s

500 m
 ALTERNATIVE

30m/s
40m/s

500 m
A swimmer wants to cross a river. If he crosses the river along the shortest path, it
takes 4 seconds more than minimum time. If velocity of river current is 8m/s &
swimmer velocity in still water is 17m/s find the width of river.
A. 490 m B
B. 500 m
C. 510 m
D. 512 m

d d

A
 ABKI BAAR
99 PAAR
PYQ’s (JEE MAIN 2022)
 ABKI BAAR
99 PAAR
NEWTON’S LAW OF MOTION
 Newton’s First Law of Motion

It states that a body continues to be in state of rest or state of uniform

velocity until and unless an external unbalanced force is acted on the body.
 Newton’s First Law of Motion
It states that a body continues to be in state of rest or of uniform velocity
until and unless an external unbalanced force is acted on the body.

rest Constant Velocity

Force as an agent which is the cause of change in state of rest or

motion of a body. So the first law gives “qualitative definition of force”
 Newton’s II Law of Motion

P = mv

m
Newton’s III Law of Motion
A block of mass m is kept on weighing machine, which is placed in lift,
accelerating up with acceleration ‘a’. Find reading of weighing machine.

A. (mg - ma)/g
B. (mg + ma)/g
C. m
a
D. mg + ma

m
Weighing Machine
Breaking Tension of string = 200N. Find the maximum acceleration of boy
without breaking the string. (mass of boy = 10 kg )
A. 10 m/s2
B. 5 m/s2
C. 2 m/s2
D. 4.5 m/s2
2 masses m1 and m2 are connected by a light string going over a smooth light
pulley as shown.The system is at rest. Find the angle of the incline & force
exerted by the incline on m1
A.

B.

C. m2

D.

θ
 Particle B moves along the horizontal path with speed VB.
Then find the speed of A at an instant when the string at B makes an angle θ
with the horizontal.
A. VA = VB cos θ
B. VA = VB sin θ
C. VA = VB cot θ
D. None of these

A
θ
B VB
 Method 2: Tension Trick
Net work done by massless string on blocks will
be ZERO.
•
→ →
∑T . x = 0

On Differentiation.
→ → T T
∑ T . v = 0
x
On Differentiation. A B x
→ →
∑ T . a = 0
 Pulley Trick

a1

a0

a2
 If block B moves downward with acceleration 3 m/s2, find
acceleration of block A.

A. 2 m/s2
B. 4 m/s2
C. 6 m/s2
D. 8 m/s2

•
A
•

B 3 m/s2
 ALTERNATIVE

•
A
•

B 3 m/s2
In the system shown in figure find the speed of block C?
A. 4 m/s
B. 8 m/s
C. 16 m/s • •

D. 32 m/s

• •

A B
C
v
3 m/s
5 m/s
 ALTERNATIVE

• •

• •

A B
3 m/s C
5 m/s
v
One body moves on another moving body Wedge A is moving with acceleration a
as shown in figure. Find acceleration of block B w.r.t. : (i) Wedge A
A. a
B. a sinθ
C. a cosθ
D. a cotθ

a
A
θ
One body moves on another moving body Wedge A is moving with acceleration
a as shown in figure. Find acceleration of block B w.r.t. : (ii) Ground
A.

B.
C.
D.

a
A
θ
a
A
θ
A pendulum is hanging from the ceiling of a car having an acceleration a0
with respect to the road. Find the angle made by the string with the
vertical.
A.

B.

C.

D.

a0
θ

m
 a0 ALTERNATIVE
θ

m
A man of mass M1 starts climbing the rope that goes over ideal pulley &
supports a block of mass M2 such that block is always at the same level as man.
M1
Find the ratio of
M2
A. 1
B. 2
C. 1/2
D. None of these

M1
In arrangement shown in figure, the ends A and B of an inextensible string
move downwards with uniform speed u. Pulleys A and B are fixed. Find
the speed with which the mass M moves upwards.

A. u tanθ
B. u cosθ
• •
C. u secθ
D. u sinθ
θ

u
u
In the system shown in figure , if wedge A is displaced towards right at
acceleration 1 m/s2. Find acceleration of block B w.r.t. ground ?

A. √3 m/s2
B. √5 m/s2
C. √7 m/s2
D. 2 m/s2
4 identical springs are connected as shown each spring has a spring
constant of 10 N/m. Find the net extension of the spring system on
attaching a 25 kg mass

A. 5m
B. 10m
C. 15m
D. 25m

25 kg
ABKI BAAR
99 PAAR
FRICTION
Friction
Types of Friction

Static Friction Kinetic Friction

 Types of Friction
Kinetic Friction
When there is Relative Motion Friction always acts so as to oppose the relative motion

v
M

Rough Floor
Static Friction
When there is no Relative Motion Friction always acts so as to oppose the tendency of
relative motion

Rough Floor
 Magnitude of Friction v
Kinetic Friction
Magnitude of Friction v
fk= μkN

μk = Coefficient of Kinetic Friction

 a
f
static kinetic
static kinetic

( μs − μ k ) N
μsN
m
μkN
N t
t μsN
μsN α
α F= αt
μ
f
A force of 20 N can just move a 3 kg block kept on a horizontal ground.
Calculate the coefficient of friction & angle of friction. (g = 10m/s2)

3 Kg 20 N
An object of mass M = 10 kg is kept on a rough table as seen from above.
Forces are applied on it as shown. Find the direction of static friction if
the object does not move. (Take μ = 0.4)
A. 37° with 20 N force
B. 37° with 15 N force
C. 143° with 15 N force
D. 143° with 20 N force

10kg 20 N

15 N
2 Block Problems

μ
 Introduction to 2 block system
F
Rough m1
Smooth m2

F m1 F
m1
m2 m2

Both move separately

Both move together
Static friction Kinetic friction
Find acceleration of 4 kg in the given scenario.
50 N
A. 5 ms–2 μ=1 4 kg

B. 2 ms–2 6 kg

C. 8.33 ms–2 smooth

D. 1 ms–2
Find acceleration of 2 kg block.
2 kg
F = 18 N
A. 2.7 ms–2 μ = 0.5

B. 1.5 ms–2 4 kg

C. 3 ms–2 smooth
D. 4 ms–2
 ABKI BAAR
99 PAAR
PYQ’s (JEE MAIN 2022)
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