TRINITY PU COLLEGE II PUC

TRINITY PU COLLEGE MYSURU

BIOLOGY LAB NOTES
PART-A

1 Q. Any one of the given experiment to be performed (5m)

1. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS OF FLOWERS

Ans. Diagram of axile placentation to be written
Locule : Pentalocular
Placentation: axile placentation

II. Pollen germination

Percentage of pollen germination= n/N x 100

NUMBER OF TOTAL NUMBER OF TOTAL NUMBER OF % of pollen

OBSERVATION POLLEN (N) POLLEN germination
GERMINATED (n) n/N x100
1

Result: percentage of germination = …………………….

III. Pollen tube growth on stigma

Ans: Draw the diagram

Observation: colored tubular pollen tubes moving through the tissues of styles and stigma are seen

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IV. Nucleic acid staining

Ans. Shape of the cell : Rectangular cells
Nucleus: Uninucleate

PART-B

2. Mitosis experiment (5m)

Ans. Preparation of the slide (3m)
Report any one of the phases which is observed
in the slide and draw the reported phase (2m)
• Draw a neat labelled diagram of the observed phase

PART-C

3.Q. Test the PH of the given sample (3M)

Solution-

• if paper turns pink it is acidic solution

• If the litmus paper turns blue its basic solution
• Compare the color band with the litmus paper chart & write the value for acidic and basic sample

Sample PH value determined by the Sample type

indicator paper
C1
C2
example

result: C1 is identified as acidic(PH 06)

C2 is identified as basic (PH 12)

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PART D

4 Q. Identify the given slide

Identification of the slide 1 marks and any two points

Ans: the given specimen is identified as …………………………….

I. Mammalian testis
• Each testis is made up of about 250 compartments called testicular lobules
• Each lobules contains 2-3 coiled seminiferous tubules
• Supportive and nutritive Sertoli or sustentacular cells

II. Mammalian ovary

• The wall of ovary is up of germinal epithelial cells called oogonial cells, they produce ova.
• Matured mammalian follicles are graffian follicles
• The granulosa cells of ovary secrete estrogens

III. female gametophyte

• The ovule develops inside the ovary.
• It is attached to the placenta by helpof stalk called follicle.
• The ovules consist of integuments andnucellus.
• The nucellus cells contain reservefood materials.
• The embryo sac forms from amegaspore mother cell.

PART E

5.Q Disease causing organism

Identification of the slide (1m)

Mention the disease caused by the organism (1m)

Ans: the given photograph/specimen is identified as …………………………….

I. Entamoeba histolytica
Disease caused : Amoebic dysentery

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II. Plasmodium vivax

Disease caused: Malaria

III. Ascaris Lumbricoides

Disease caused: Ascariasis

IV. Trichophyton rubrum

Disease caused: Ring worm diseases.

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PART-F
6.Q. Identification & commenting from ecology/evolution/genetics
Identification (1m)
Commenting (1m, any 3 adaptations to be reported )

Ecological Adaptations of Xerophytes

The given photograph F is Xeric adaptation in
Opuntia
➢ Leafs are modified into spines.
➢ Stem is flattened, succulent, adapted for
storage.
➢ Stem surface is green and photosynthetic in
nature known as phylloclade.

The given Photograph F is Xeric adaptation in

Acacia.
➢ Leaves are pinnately compound, short lived.
➢ Petiole is modified into photosynthetic known
as phyllode.
➢ Roots are long and branched.

The given Photograph F is Xeric adaptation in

Bryophyllum.
➢ Presence of stomata on the lower surface and
sunken stomata are present.
➢ Opening of stomata during night time.
➢ Leaf blade remains rolled during day time.

Ecological Adaptations of Hydrophytes

The given photograph F is hydric adaptation in
Hydrilla.
➢ It float on the surface of water and are not
rooted in soil.
➢ Shoot system is not well developed and nodes
and internodes are condensed and short.
➢ Leaves are flat, on the upper surface of leaf
provide with stomata.
➢ Transpiration is low due to wax coating on the
surface of leaf.

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The given photograph F is hydric adaptation in

Eicchornia
➢ Petiole is modified into air pockets.
➢ Their roots and body is made up aerenchyma
cells which helps in buoyancy.
➢ The waxy coating present on cuticle prevents
wetting of leaf.
➢ Xylem tissues are poorly developed.

Ecological adaptation in xeric animals

The given photograph F is Xeric adaptations in
camel.
➢ Thick lips are present to eat tender thorny and
bushy plants.
➢ Eye lashes are thick to prevent entry of sand.
➢ Limbs have pads helps in walking on sand.
➢ Hump assists in storing of water.
➢ Due to its physiological adaptation they
consume large amount of water at a time and
used for long term of its life.

The given photograph F is Xeric adaptations in

Kangaroo Rat.
➢ In rat the position of nostrils are directly
upward.
➢ Eye lashes are present to prevent entry of sand.
➢ Ear pinnae are efficient in dissipating heat.

The given photograph F is Xeric adaptations in

Squirrel.
➢ Prefer juices as food.
➢ Short bushy backwardly directed tail.
➢ Non-perspiring skin.

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Ecological Adaptation in Hydric Animals

The given photograph F is Hydric adaptations in
Prawn.
➢ Prawns have developed external gills for
breathing under water.
➢ They do not have fins like fishes, but by
pushing their abdomen they swim in water.
➢ Presence of Pleopods and Uropods

The given photograph F is Hydric adaptations in

Fish.
➢ Body is stream lined exoskeleton with scales
present.
➢ Paired and unpaired fins are present helps for
swimming.
➢ Gills are major respiratory organs.
➢ Air bladder is present helps in bouncy
The given photograph F is Hydric adaptations in
Frog.
➢ Presence of webbed foot helps in swimming.
➢ Skin is very thin and allows for cutaneous
respiration.

Homologous organ in Plants

The given photograph F is - Tendrils of passion
flower and thorns of pomegranate.
➢ Both are modification of the axillary bud.
➢ Tendrils are modified for climbing and thorns
are modified for protection.

The given photograph F is - Tendrils of vitis and

thorns of Carissa.
➢ Both originate from terminal bud.
➢ Tendrils helps in climbing and thorns helps in
protection.

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The given photograph F is - Tendrils of balloon

vine and bulbils of agave

➢ It is modified from floral bud.

➢ Tendrils developed for climbing and bulbils
are modified for reproduction.

The given photograph F is - Scale leaves of onion

and spines of Opentia

➢ It is modified from leaves.

➢ Scale leaves in onion are for storing purpose and
spines in Opentia are modified for defenceand to
check transpiration.

Analogous organ in plants

The given photograph F is - Tendrils of pea and
tendrils of vitis.
➢ Tendrils are modified from leaf and tendrils of
vitis are modified from terminal bud.
➢ It helps for climbing.

The given photograph F is - Thorns of

pomegranate and spines of Opentia
➢ Thorns and spines are analogous structure for
defence mechanism.
➢ Thorns of pomegranate are modified from
terminal bud and spines of Opentia are
modification of leaves.

The given photograph F is - Modified underground

stems and modified roots.
➢ It is an analogous organ, both performs similar
function such as storage.
➢ Rhizome of ginger is a modified stem and
carrot is a root modification.

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The given photograph F is – Phylloclade, Cladode

and Leaves.
➢ A phylloclade is a green coloured,
photosynthetic, flattened stem with several
nodes and internodes. Ex: Opentia.
➢ A cladode is a green coloured, photosynthetic,
flattened branch of a stem with one or two
internodes. Ex: Asparagus.
➢ Both phylloclade and cladode are leaf like
stem modification. They are analogous to leaf
as they are green in colour and perform
photosynthesis
Homologous organ in Animals
The given photograph F is - Forelimbs of bat and
humans
➢ They have same bony elements such as
humorous, radio-ulna, carpets and Meta
carpets and phalanges.
➢ Forelimb limb of bat is modified flight and in
humans the fore limb is modified for grasping
and holding.

Analogous organ in Animals

The given photograph F is – Wing of an insect and
bird.
➢ It is an analogous organ they perform same
function but their origin is different.
➢ A wing of dragonfly is originated from
integuments and wing of bird is modified from
forelimbs.

The given photograph F is – Mandible of

Cockroach and lower jaw of rabbit.
➢ Mandibles in cockroach and vertebrates
perform the same function of crushing and
chewing food.
➢ In cockroach the mandible arises from the
ectoderm whereas in vertebrates mandibles
arise from the mesoderm.

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BIOLOGY