DHIRUBAI BIOLOGY SOLUTIONS

SECTION I

Q.1.

a.

i. Speciation

ii. Autosomes

iii. Cytokinins

iv. Fibrinogen

v. Glomerulus

b.

i. True

om
ii. False

Corpus callosum connects the two cerebral hemispheres.

iii. True
.c
rz
iv. False
pe

Theory of Inheritance of acquired characters was proposed by Lamarck

v. False
Pa

Pericardium is the membranous covering of the heart.

c.
st

i. Mitral valve is located at the aperture between the left auricle and the left ventricle.
Te

ii. Loop of Henle is located in medulla region of kidney.

iii. Cerebellum is located at the base under the cerebrum and is a part of hind brain.

iv. Conjunctiva covers the entire front part of the eye.

v. Uterus is situated in pelvic cavity between urinary bladder and rectum.

d.

i. Clinostat is used to demonstrate geotropism in plants whereas Ganong’s potometer helps to

measure the rate of water intake by a plant.

ii. Cranial capacity of Homo habilis is about 680-735 cm​3​. Cranial capacity of Homo erectus is about
800-1125 cm​3

iii. Thigmotropism is growth movement in plants in response to touch stimulus.

Hydrotropism is movement of plant parts in response to water or moisture.

iv. Stroma is the site of dark reaction whereas thylakoid is the site of light reaction of photosynthesis
process.

v. Chordae tendinae held the valves of the heart in proper position.

Suspensory ligaments held the eye lens in position.

e.

i. Odd- Histamine

Category- Nitrogenous bases present in DNA.

ii. Odd- Elodea

Category- Rest are the plants which have some adaptations to reduce transpiration process.

iii. Odd- Medulla oblongata

Category- Rest are parts of forebrain.

om
iv. Odd- Amnion

Category- Parts of human eye

v. Odd- Acromegaly .c
rz
Category- Disorders related to thyroid gland [hypothyroidism]

f.
pe

i. C

ii. D
Pa

iii. B
st

iv. A

v. C
Te

g.

i. Ovary produce eggs and female hormones oestrogen and progesterone.

ii. Leydig cells produce testosterone, a male hormone.

iii. Glucagon raises blood sugar level in our body by converting glycogen to glucose.

iv. Eustachian tube equalises the air pressure on either side of tympanum.

v. Meninges is a three-layered membrane which covers and protects our brain.

h.

i. Soil water, root hair, cortical cells, endodermis, xylem

ii. G1-phase, S-phase, G2-phase, karyokinesis, cytokinesis

iii. Receptor, sensory neuron, Association neuron, motor neuron, effector

iv. Graafian follicle, egg, ostium, fallopian tube, uterus

v. Pinna, auditory canal, tympanum, ear ossicles, cochlea

SECTION II

Q.2.

a.

i. Guttation is the loss of water in form of droplets from special openings called hydathodes in plants.

ii. The number of live births per 1000 people of population per year is known as natality.

iii. The pollution caused by loud, undesired noise which interferes in communication, affects our
health, concentration is referred to as noise pollution.

iv. Genes are specific DNA fragments of chromosomes which determine the hereditary characters.

om
v. The addition of phosphate group to ADP to form ATP, an energy rich compound by using energy of
sunlight is called photophosphorylation.

b. .c
i. Anaphase stage is shown in figure and characteristics of this phase is-
rz
a. Sister chromatids get separated and move towards opposite poles due to action of spindle fibres.
pe

ii. Metaphase
Pa
st
Te

iii. Mitosis occurs in growing tips of plants like root tips, apex of shoot etc. it also occurs in sides of
plants to increase its girth.

iv. 2 daughter cells are produced.

v. Cytokinesis is division of cytoplasm which occurs after the end of telophase. A furrow appears in
the middle of cell membrane which deepens and finally the cytoplasm divides into two.

vi. Two functions of centromere are-

a. It is the point of attachment of two sister chromatids.

 b. Chromosomes get attached to spindle fibres by centromere.

Q.3.

a.

i. Due to contraction of ventricles of heart blood flows in spurts within arteries.

ii. A- endothelium; B- external connective tissue layer; C- middle smooth muscle and elastic fibres
layer

iii. Two structural features of blood vessels are-

a. Blood vessels are branched tubes like structures.

b. They have a opening in centre called lumen through which blood can flow.

iv. Pulse is the alternate expansion and elastic recoil of wall of artery during ventricular systole.

v. Hypertension is rise in blood pressure above 140/90 mm of Hg.

om
vi. Coronary artery supplies oxygenated blood to walls of heart.

b.

i. Right kidney is placed slightly lower than left kidney due to presence of liver on right hand side of
.c
our body.
rz
ii. Two functions of kidney are production of urine and osmoregulation.

iii. Oxygenated blood is carried by blood vessel X [dorsal aorta].

pe

iv. Y is urinary bladder which stores the urine and empties it at regular intervals.
Pa

v. ADH increases water reabsorption by kidney tubules thus regulating our urine output.

vi. Uremia is the condition when there is high concentrations of urea in blood.
st

Q.4.
Te

a.

i. In F2 generation phenotypes are green pod and yellow pod and phenotypic ratio is 3:1.

ii. Law of segregation of gametes: At the time of reproduction when gametes are formed the factors
segregate so that each gamete receives only one factor of each character. This is called Law of purity
of gametes.

iii. Mendel choose garden pea (Pisum sativum) for his hybridization experiment because:

a. Many varieties of pea plants in pure form were available.

b. They are normally self-pollinated.
c. It is an annual plant i.e. it has a short life cycle.
d. It has easily detectable contrasting features.

iv. It is a monohybrid cross as it is a cross between two pure breeding different varieties of organism
considering alternative trait of a single character i.e. pod colour of pea plant whether green or
yellow colour pod.
v. Genotype of F1 generation is Gg.

vi. Allele is the alternative form of a gene occupying the same position on a chromosome and affects
the same characteristics but in two alternative ways.

om
b.
.c
rz
i. Abscisic acid stimulates the closure of stomata and increases the tolerance of plants to various
pe

kinds of stress, hence it is also called as stress hormone.

ii. Gametes have haploid number of chromosomes so that when they undergo fertilization to form a
Pa

zygote, the diploid number of chromosome is restored back thus maintaining the constancy of
chromosome number.
st

iii. The rate of transpiration exceeds the rate of absorption of water during a hot summer midday,
thus even if the soil is well-watered balsam plant wilts away.
Te

iv. Ventricles pump blood to larger distances of our body, for eg- right ventricle pumps deoxygenated
blood to lungs whereas left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to whole parts of the body. But atria
pump blood to ventricles only. Thus walls of ventricles are thicker than atrium.

v. CFC is chlorofluorocarbon which release chlorine atoms that break down ozone molecules thus
causing depletion of ozone layer, ozone layer prevents harmful UV radiations of sunlight from
penetrating into Earth’s surface. Hence use of CFC is banned in many countries.

Q.5.

a.

i. Gibberellins

ii. Gibberellin causes elongation of stem in white cabbage, so the plants grow taller.
iii. Gibberellin is synthesized in meristem of apical buds and roots.

iv. The process of development of fruits without fertilization is called parthenocarpy.

v. Gibberellin speeds up the malting process so it is used in brewing industry.

vi. Synthetically prepared gibberellins are used to increase length of fruits like grapes, apples. They
are also used to improve shape of fruits.

b.

i. Sperms are produced in seminiferous tubules of testis.

ii. A

iii. Seminal vesicle produce a secretion which makes the sluggish sperms active and helps in their
transportation.

om
iv. Prostate gland surrounds the urethra close to origin from urinary bladder.

v. In a single ejaculation million of sperms are released because only few of them can climb to
oviduct and rest of them die and are absorbed. .c
vi. Epididymis
rz
vii. Vasectomy
pe

Q.6.
Pa

a.

i. Osmosis is the process of movement of water molecules from its region of higher concentration to
its region of lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.
st

ii. After few hours the level of sugar solution will rise in thistle funnel.
Te

iii. Instead of sugar solution normal water should be taken inside thistle funnel which will serve as a
control.

iv. a. Root hairs

b.Cell sap

v.
vi. Mineral ions are absorbed by active transport process by the root hair cell.

b.

i. Australopithecus had prognathous i.e. protruding outwards face, eyebrow ridges projected over
the eyes. But in Cro-Magnon face was broad, straight and strong jawed [orthognathous] and they
lacked eyebrow ridges.

ii. Four characteristics of Neanderthal man are-

om
a. They were a height of 5.5 feet.
b. Their cranial capacity was about 1450 cm​3​.
c. They had large head with broad flat sloping forehead.
.c
d. They had no chin, less hair on the body, prominent brow ridges.
rz
iii. Apes have U-shaped dental arch.
pe

There is a simian gap in between incisors and canines on each side of the jaw in apes.

iv. Aim of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is to clean streets, roads, infrastructures of cities, towns, villages,
Pa

to eliminate open defecation by constructing individual, public toilets etc.

Q.7.
st

a.
Te

i. Photosynthesis

ii. 6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2

iii. Experiment B set up

iv. Caustic potash

v. The leaf from experiment B set up will show positive starch test whereas leaves from other three
set-up do not.

vi. Iodine solution

vii. Destarched plant means absence of starch by keeping the plant in dark for 24-48 hours.

b.

i.
 om
ii.
.c
rz
1. Thyroxine regulates our basal metabolism, influence our general growth, mental
development etc.
pe

2. Adrenaline prepares our body to fight or flight away from emergency situations.

iii.
Pa

1. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
2. Thyroid stimulating hormone
3. Human Growth hormone
st

iv.
Te

1. Overgrowth of adrenal cortex in mature woman is the cause of adrenal virilism.

2. Undersecretion of insulin by pancreas cause diabetes mellitus.