NOTE: Not all are provided with answers because they are all easy enough for you

to find. Godspeed on your exams!

The skin helps maintain optimum calcium and phosphate levels in the body by participating in the production of
A. vitamin A B. vitamin B C. vitamin D D. melanin
Which of the following are types of vascular plants that produces flowers and seeds?
A. angiosperms B. bryophytes C. gymnosperms D. lignified plants
An indeterminate breed of plants has a flower with the following parts – stigma, style, anther, ovary, and petals. The flower
must be
A. complete B. incomplete C. carpellate D. staminate
Which part of a plant lies between the two nodes on a stem?
A. axillary bud B. internode C. node D. terminal bud
Which of these processes increase(s) heat loss from the body?
A. dilation of dermal arterioles
B. constriction of dermal arterioles
C. increased sweating
D. Both a and c are correct.
Which of the following terminologies mean “contained seeds”?
A. angiosperms B. bryophytes C. gymnosperms D. lignified plants
A young root, usually a secondary root, and a fungus have formed a symbiotic relationship of exchanging nutrients and
access to water. Such relationship is specifically termed as
A. mycorrhiza B. mycorrhizae C. parasitic D. saprophytic
During germination, the first to appear from the seed is the
A. leaf B. root C. shoot D. stem
Your mother planted some orchids on her garden. Which type of plant propagation techniques was she expected to use on
her own?
A. budding and grafting C. stem cutting
B. marcotting D. tissue culture
One function of a fruit is to
A. attract pollinators C. help in seed dispersal
B. nourish embryo development D. signal plant maturity
Which of these is not a function of bone?
a. internal support and protection
b. attachment for the muscles
c. calcium and phosphate storage
d. blood cell production
e. vitamin D storage
A starfish ran away from its predator leaving behind one of its arms. Weeks later, the starfish showed up with complete
arms. What type of reproduction does a starfish exhibits?
A. budding C. fragmentation and regeneration
B. fission D. parthenogenesis
The major function of the sodium-potassium pump is to
a. pump Na+ into and K+ out of the cell.
b. generate the resting membrane potential.
c. maintain the concentration gradients of Na+ and K+ across the plasma membrane.
d. oppose any tendency of the cell to undergo hyperpolarization.
There are three different forms on how mammals give birth. Lulu the cat hid from her owner when she gave birth and ate
the placenta in which her young was born. What form of mammalian birth is exemplified by Lulu?
A. marsupial B. monotreme C. placental D. none of the choices
Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?
a. regulates autonomic nervous system functions
b. regulates the release of hormones from the posterior pituitary
c. regulates body temperature
d. regulates food intake (hunger) and water intake (thirst)
e. All of these are correct.
Where is the complete absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream takes place?
A. stomach B. oral cavity C. esophagus D. small intestine
For the nutrients to be taken in by the body, which of the following processes follow digestion?
A. absorption B. assimilation C. excretion D. filtration
If the concentration of glucose in the blood of a healthy man or woman decreases below normal, their pancreas will produce
which of the following?
A. more insulin but less glucagon C. less insulin but more glucagon
B. more insulin and more glucagon D. less insulin and less glucagon
Which is the function of a large intestine?
A. digests all types of food C. longest part of the intestinal tract
B. absorbs water D. connected to the stomach
A large female clownfish in a school of clown fishes finds that there is no male clownfish to which she can mate with. In
nature, this female clownfish can become male so that a school will be without a mate. This form of reproduction is
specifically called
A. hermaphrodism C. protogyny
B. sequential hermaphrodism D. protandry
Complex carbohydrates stimulate peristalsis and facilitates the passage of food that travels in the gut. Which of the following
is a complex carbohydrate?
A. fats B. fibers C. lipids D. minerals
Paul’s blood pressure is 150/90. The 150 indicates _________________, and the 90 indicates _________________.
A. pressure in the left ventricle; pressure in the right ventricle
B. pressure during ventricular contraction; pressure during heart relaxation
C. systemic circuit pressure; pulmonary circuit pressure
D. pressure in the arteries; pressure in the veins
When you inhale, the diaphragm
A. relaxes and moves upward. C. contracts and moves upward.
B. relaxes and moves downward. D. contracts and moves downward.
When you hold your breath, which of the following first leads to the urge to breathe?
A. falling CO2 C. falling pH of the blood
B. falling O2 D. rising pH of the blood
Countercurrent gas exchange in the gills of a fish
A. maintains a gradient that enhances diffusion.
B. enables the fish to obtain oxygen without swimming.
C. means that blood and water flow at different rates.
D. allows O2 to diffuse against its partial pressure gradient.
Which of the following statements about the mammalian respiratory system is false?
A. When we breathe in, air travels from pharynx to trachea.
B. The bronchioles branch into bronchi.
C. Alveolar ducts connect to alveolar sacs.
D. Gas exchange between the lung and blood takes place in the alveolus.
Insects have small air tubes that facilitate the exchange of air into its body called
A. alveoli C. spiracles
B. bronchi D. trachea
Which of the following is the main difference between your cardiovascular system and that of a fish?
a. Your heart has two chambers; a fish heart has four.
b. Your circulation has two circuits; fish circulation has one.
c. Your heart chambers are called atria and ventricles.
d. Yours is a closed system; the fish’s is an open system.
Oxytocin is responsible for
a. preventing milk release from the mammary glands.
b. preventing goiter.
c. causing contraction of the uterus.
d. maintaining normal calcium levels.
e. increasing the metabolic rate.
LH and FSH
a. are produced in the hypothalamus.
b. production is increased by TSH.
c. promote the production of gametes and reproductive hormones.
d. inhibit the production of prolactin.
e. All of these are correct.
What is the function of the cilia in the trachea and bronchi?
a. to sweep air into and out of the lungs
b. to increase the surface area for gas exchange
c. to dislodge food that may have slipped past the epiglottis
d. to sweep mucus with trapped particles up and out of the respiratory tract
Buds and sprouts often form on tree stumps. Which of the following hormones would you expect to stimulate their formation?
A. auxin B. cytokinins C. abscisic acid D. ethylene
Axons in the nerves
A. increase the surface area of the cell
B. receive signals from neighboring cells
C. regulate the intake of nutrients from other cells
D. transmit messages to a neighboring cell
A plant hormone responsible for preventing senescence or aging is
A. auxin C. cytokinin
B. abscisic acid D. gibberellin
Plants grown in the absence of light have
A. green leaves and short internodes C. yellow leaves and short internodes
B. green leaves and long internodes D. yellow leaves and long internodes
Table shows the results of soaking oat shoots and oat roots in various concentrations of indole acetic acid (IAA; auxin). The
initial lengths of both shoots and roots was 10mm.
concentration of IAA in bathing solution length after 2 days (mm)
(molar) shoots roots

0 12.2 12.3
 10-10 12.1 13.4

10-9 12.5 12.5

10-8 13.3 11.2

10-7 14.0 10.7

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the data?

The 10-8 molar solution of IAA
A. stimulates growth in both shoots and roots
B. stimulates growth in shoots and inhibits growth in roots
C. inhibits growth in shoots and stimulates growth in roots
D. inhibits growth in both shoots and roots
A bundle of axon found in the peripheral nervous system is called a
A. ganglion C. synapse
B. nerve D. node of Ranvier
The specific cells that hormones affect are called
A. neurons C. steroids
B. sensory receptors D. target cells
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of glands and hormones involved in the control of metabolic rate?
A. TSH → thyroxine → pituitary → thyroid C. pituitary → thyroxine → thyroid → TSH
B. thyroid → TSH → thyroxine → pituitary D. pituitary → TSH → thyroid → thyroxine
The hypothalamus releases antidiuretic hormone that reduces urine formation in the kidneys. Under which condition can
the hypothalamus produce more antidiuretic hormone?
A. drinking a bottle of wine C. having excess water in the body
B. eating salty food D. sweating heavily during exercise
Which of the following does the immune system normally discriminates between types of antigens?
A. B and T cells C. humoral and cell-mediated
B. self and non-self D. primary and secondary
Which of these is specifically responsible for antibody-mediated immunity?
A. T cells C. platelets
B. B cells D. all of the choices are correct
The AIDS virus attacks the platoon of cells that calls for backup. Which kind of cell is equipped for such activity?
A. B cells C. killer T cells
B. helper T cells D. macrophages
Which type of immunity can vaccination against CoViD-19 be categorized into?
A. Active – natural C. Passive – natural
B. Active – artificial D. Passive – artificial
The stages of infection of a host cell by a virus are listed below.
1 Viral protein synthesized
2 Virus binds to host cell
3 Viral nucleic acid replicates
4 Viral DNA enters host cell
The sequence in which these events occur is
A. 2, 4, 3, 1 C. 4, 3, 1, 2
B. 2, 4, 1, 3 D. 4, 1, 3, 2
Which substance produced by plants in response to attack by pathogens isolates affected areas of plant tissue from the
rest of the plant?
A. tannin C. resin
B. cyanide D. nicotine
When an organ is transplanted from one person to another, there is a possibility that it could be rejected. This is because
cells of the individual receiving the organ react against foreign
A. antigens C. DNA
B. antibodies D. RNA
The probable role of salicylic acid in systemic acquired resistance of plants is to
A. destroy pathogens directly.
B. activate plant defenses throughout the plant before infection spreads.
C. close stomata, thus preventing the entry of pathogens.
D. activate heat-shock proteins.
Which of the following best describes the difference in the way B cells and cytotoxic T cells respond to invaders?
A. B cells confer active immunity; cytotoxic T cells confer passive immunity
B. B cells kill viruses directly; cytotoxic T cells kill virus-infected cells.
C. B cells secrete antibodies against a virus; cytotoxic T cells kill virus-infected cells
D. B cells accomplish cell-mediated immunity; cytotoxic T cells accomplish humoral immunity
Bones are held together by a tough connective tissue called
A. cartilage C. ligaments
B. joints D. tendons
Clams and lobsters both have exoskeletons, but lobsters have much greater mobility. Why?
A. clams only have adductor muscles that hold the shell closed, whereas lobsters have both abductor and adductor
muscles
B. clams can only grow by adding to the outer edge of the shell, whereas lobsters molt and repeatedly replace their
exoskeleton with a larger, more flexible one
 C. the lobster skeleton can actively contract, while the clam skeleton lacks its own contractile mechanism
D. lobsters have a jointed exoskeleton, allowing for the flexible movement of appendages and body parts at the
joints
Which of the following is an organ that is used by snakes in detecting the relative temperature of their immediate
surroundings resulting to a superimposed thermal image?
A. nares C. pit organ
B. nidamental gland D. whiskers
Which of the following is found in the arteries that sense changes in the acidity of the blood?
A. mechanoreceptors C. photoreceptors
B. neurotransmitters D. chemoreceptors
The skin does all these tasks, except
A. regulates temperature C. stores fats
B. reproduces blood cells D. protects you from ultraviolet rays
Which of the following kingdoms is characterized by eukaryotic, multicellular, and motile organisms?
A. Animalia C. Eubacteria
B. Archaebacteria D. Plantae
Which of the following allows a squid to evade predators and move about in the ocean at great speeds?
A. electroreception C. magnetoreception
B. jet propulsion D. swimming
Which of the following parts of the human ear are related to hearing and balance?
A. Auditory canals C. Semicircular canals
B. Eustachian tubes D. Tympanic membrane
Some sharks close their eyes just before they bite. Although they cannot see their prey, their bites are on target.
Researchers have noted that sharks often misdirect their bites at metal objects, and they can find batteries buried
under the sand of an aquarium. This evidence suggests that sharks keep track of their prey during the split second
before they bite in the same way that
A. a rattlesnake finds a mouse in its burrow C. a platypus locates a prey in a muddy river
B. a bat can find moths in the dark D. a flatworm avoids light places
Which nitrogenous waste is incorrectly matched with the benefit of its excretion?
A. urea – low toxicity relative to ammonia C. ammonia – very soluble to water
B. uric acid – can be stored as a precipitate D. urea – very insoluble in water
Low blood calcium triggers secretion of what organ?
A. adrenal glands C. parathyroid glands
B. ovaries D. thyroid gland
Where does the majority of water and salt filtered into Bowman’s capsule reabsorbed?
A. the transport epithelia of the proximal tubule
B. diffusion from the descending limb of the loop of Henle into the hyperosmotic interstitial fluid of the medulla
C. selective secretion and diffusion across the distal tubule
D. diffusion from the collecting duct into the increasing osmotic gradient of the renal medulla
Which line in the table correctly identifies the main source of body heat and the main method of controlling body
temperature in an endotherm?
Main source of body heat main method of controlling body temp.

A metabolism physiological

B environment behavioral

C environment physiological

D metabolism behavioral

Which of the following would result from a decreased level of ADH in the bloodstream of a man?
A. Production of urine with a higher concentration
B. An increase in the permeability of kidney tubules
C. A decrease in rate of glomerular filtration
D. An increase in volume of urine produced
Which of the following correctly describes a case of osmoregulation?
A. body fluids that are isosmotic with the external environment
B. discharge of excess water in a hypoosmotic environment
C. expenditure of energy to convert ammonia to less toxic wastes
D. excretion of salt in hypoosmotic environment
The diagram below shows how temperature change affects the human skin.
Temperature change Skin effect
 Which effects are likely to restore body temperatures to normal?
A. 1 and 3 B. 1 and 4 C. 2 and 3 D. 2 and 4
Which process in the nephron is LEAST selective?
A. secretion B. reabsorption C. active transport D. filtration
The high osmolarity of the renal medulla is maintained by all EXCEPT which of the following?
A. diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
B. active transport of salt from the upper region of the ascending limb
C. the spatial arrangement of juxtamedullary nephrons
D. diffusion of salt from the descending limb of the loop of Henle