ST.

GEORGES’S COLLEGE

PRE-ENGINEERING & VISUAL ARTS DEPARTMENT

TECHNICAL DRAWING
SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT [SBA]

TECHNICAL DRAWING SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT PORTFOLIO

CANDIDATE:

AJANI J. ENGLISH

CANDIDATE NUMBER:

1001070698

ASSESSOR:

MR. MARSHALL

YEAR:

2020
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction .......................................................................................................... Page 1

Acknowledgement ................................................................................................ Page 2

Section 1 A Codes & Standard ....................................................................... Page 3-13

Section 1 B Occupational Health & Safety & the Environment .................. Page 13-20

Business Plan ............................................................................................... Page 21-33

Conclusion .......................................................................................................... Page 34

Appendix ............................................................................................................ Page 35

 Introduction

Technical drawing is the act and discipline of composing drawings that visually communicate
how something functions or is constructed. Technical drawing plays important roles in
numerous industries, follows several established standards and utilizes a wide range of tools and
software to bring across accurate representations of how structures and objects are built and
operate. This School Based Assessment is designed to be a deep dive into the many different
aspects of this field, exploring various areas and providing information to give broad
understanding of the value and utilization of this field.

1
 Acknowledgement

Firstly, I would like to thank God for carrying me through these rough times and blessing me
with the necessary resources to complete my Technical Drawing School Based Assessment.
Secondly, I would like to thank my parents for the support and motivation to keep on pushing no
matter the circumstances. Lastly, thank you to my Technical Drawing teacher for imparting his
knowledge into me and guiding me throughout the completion of the completion of my School
Based Assessment.

2
(A) Codes and Standards

1. What is Technical Drawing?

Technical drawing, also known as drafting is the act and discipline of composing plans
that visually communicate how something functions or has to be constructed. Technical
Drawing is the visual language of industry and engineering. A drafter or a draftsperson is
a person who makes a drawing. People who communicate with technical drawings, may
use technical standards that define practical symbols, perspectives, units of
measurement, notation systems, visual styles, or layout protocols. These enable a drafter
to communicate more concisely by using a commonly understood protocol. An example
of a technical drawing is a drawing made with computer-assisted design (CAD) to show
the details of a new home building project.
In Technical Drawing some of the tools used are:
Drafting Tables. Draftsmen create technical drawings using a tilting table.
Rulers and Squares. Using a T-square and clear plastic triangle, draftsmen create
lines.
Curve Templates and Compasses.
Lettering Guides.
Drawing Pencils.
Inking Pens. ...
Drafting Machines.
CAD: Computer Aided Design.

3
2. What is the importance of Technical Drawing to the various industries?

a. Manufacturing
Technical drawings up to the late 1980’s were used to create the tools necessary to
manipulate the parts used in the manufacturing process. They provided the precise
measurements and specifications of both the machines and the parts being
manufactured. Today technical drawings are created in 3D, for both the parts and the
tools. The manufacturing process can then be created in virtual reality and observed
by product engineers along with manufacturing engineers, tool engineers and
production engineers. The technical drawings can then be used to create the machines
necessary to manipulate the parts as well as fine tune the manufacturing process itself,
including any safety concerns. This will insure there are no errors when actual
production begins.

b. Engineering
Technical drawing allows efficient communication among engineers and can be kept
as a record of the planning process. Since a picture is worth a thousand words, a
technical drawing is a much more effective tool for engineers than a written plan.
Technical drawing is the preferred method of drafting in all engineering fields.
Precision is of the utmost importance in all technical drawing, as drafts in all fields
of engineering are expected to be scaled, labeled and arranged exactly as the final
product would be. For this reason, technical drawing is always performed with tools
such as compasses, T-squares, shape templates etc.

c. Architecture
Architectural drawings are used by architects and others for a number of purposes
like: to develop a design idea into a reasoned proposal, to communicate ideas and
concepts, to convince clients of the merits of a design, to enable a building contractor
to construct it, as a record of the completed work, and to make a record of a building
that already exists.

4
d. Designers
A designer is a person who plans the workings of something prior to it being made,
by preparing drawings or plans. The main reason designers are taught technical
drawing and sketching skills is when preparing a plan with a pen, pencil, or marker
they can’t make a mistake. It is important for designers to know technical drawing
skills because it makes them unique when putting together a plan. Everyone can
draw perfect square on the computer but not everyone can draw a perfect square on
paper. That’s the difference between a designer and someone who knows how to use
a computer.

3. Define and identify at least 10 required workplace standards for the

following areas.

a. ANSI

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a private, non-profit
organization that administers and coordinates the U.S. voluntary standards and
conformity assessment system. Founded in 1918, the Institute works in close
collaboration with stakeholders from industry and government to identify and
develop standards and conformance–based solutions to national and global
priorities.
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Hazardous Workplace Chemicals - Hazard Evaluation and Safety Data Sheet and
Precautionary Labeling Preparation.
ANSI/ASSP A10.7-2018
Safety and Health Requirements for Construction and Demolition Use, Storage,
Handling and Site Movement of Commercial Explosives and Blasting Agents.
ANSI/ASSP A10.8-2019

ANSI/ASSP A10.31-2019
Safety Requirements, Definitions and Specifications for Digger Derrick.

5
ANSI/ASSE A10.43-2016

ANSI-ASC A14.9-2019

ANSI/ASSP Z359.3-2019

ANSI/ASSP Z359.7-2019
Qualification and Verification Testing of Fall Protection Products.
ANSI/ASSP Z359.12-2019

ANSI/ASSE A1264.1-2017
Safety Requirements for Workplace Walking/Working Surfaces and Their
Access; Workplace, Floor, Wall and Roof Openings; Stairs and
Guardrail/Handrail Systems.

a. ISO- International Organization for Standardization


The idea behind the ISO 10075 series of standards is to help design systems that
prevent mental strain. ... ISO is also developing an occupational health and safety
(OH&S) management system standard, ISO 45001, which is intended to enable
organizations to manage their OH&S risks and improve their OH&S performance.
ISO 17846:2004
Welding and allied processes - Health and safety - Wordless precautionary labels
for equipment and consumables used in arc welding and cutting.
ISO 25980:2014
Health and safety in welding and allied processes - Transparent welding curtains,
strips and screens for arc welding processes.
ISO 20349-1:2017
Personal protective equipment - Footwear protecting against risks in foundries
and welding - Part 1: Requirements and test methods for protection against
risks in foundries.

6
ISO 17635:2016
Non-destructive testing of welds - General Rules for metallic
materials. ISO 5579:2013
Non-destructive testing - Radiographic testing of metallic materials using film and
X- or gamma rays - Basic rules.
ISO 15626:2018
Non-destructive testing of welds - Time-of-flight diffraction technique (TOFD)
- Acceptance levels.
ISO 11699-2:2018
Non-destructive testing - Industrial radiographic films - Part 2: Control of film
processing by means of reference values.
ISO 5175-2:2017
Gas welding equipment - Safety devices - Part 2: Devices not incorporating
a flame (flashback) arrestor.
ISO 7010:2019
Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Registered safety signs.
ISO 13688:2013
Protective clothing - General requirements.

b. BS- British Standards


British Standards, was developed by the BSI Group. It was used for technical
product documents, geometric product specification and engineering drawing.
BS EN ISO 16371-2:2017
Non-destructive testing. Industrial computed radiography with storage
phosphor imaging plates. General principles for testing of metallic materials
using X-rays and gamma rays (British Standard).

BS EN 12681-2:2017
Founding. Radiographic testing. Techniques with digital detectors (British
Standard).

7
BS EN 12679:2018
Non-destructive testing. Radiographic testing. Determination of the size of
industrial radiographic gamma sources (British Standard).
BS OHSAS 18001 / ISO 9001 / ISO 14001 Occupational Health and
Safety Requirements Package
Requirements Package for Occupational Health and Safety, Environmental
Management and Quality Management System (British Standard).
BS EN 379:2003+A1:2009
Personal eye-protection. Automatic welding filters (British
Standard). BS EN 175:1997
Personal protection. Equipment for eye and face protection during welding and
allied processes (British Standard).
BS EN ISO 5175-1:2017
Gas welding equipment. Safety devices. Devices incorporating a
flame (flashback) arrestor (British Standard).
BS EN 1330-1:2014
Non-destructive testing. Terminology. List of general terms (British Standard).
BS EN 1330-9:2017
Non-destructive testing. Terminology. Terms used in acoustic emission testing
(British Standard).
BS EN ISO 20484:2017
Non-destructive testing. Leak testing. Vocabulary (British Standard).

8
c. AISI

The American Iron and Steel Institute is an association of North American
steel producers. Its forerunner organizations date back to 1855 making it one of
the oldest trade association in the United States. AISI assumed its present form in
1908, with Elbert H. Gary, chairman of the United States Steel Corporation, as its
president. Its development was in response to the need for a cooperative agency
in the iron and steel industry for collecting and distributing statistics and
information, carrying on investigations, providing a forum for the discussion of
problems and advancing the interests of the industry.
AISI S100-12
North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural
Members, 2012 Edition, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, DC.
AISI S915-15
Test Standard for Through-The-Web Punch-out Cold-Formed Steel Wall
Stud Bridging Connectors, 2015 Edition, American Iron and Steel Institute,
Washington, DC.
AISI S916-15
Test Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing – Nonstructural Interior Partition
Walls With Gypsum Board, 2015 Edition, American Iron and Steel Institute,
Washington, DC.
AISI S220
North American Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing—
Nonstructural Members.
AISI, 2011
North American Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing –
Nonstructural Member Design.
AISI 220-11
American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C., 2011.
AISI, 2012a
North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel
Structural Members.

9
AISI, 2012b
North American Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing – General Provisions.
AISI, 2015a
Test Standard for Bridging Connectors as Cold-Formed Steel Wall Stud Bracing
AISI, 2015b
Test Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing – Nonstructural Interior Partitions.

d. Building Codes

A building code (also building control or building regulations) is a set of rules that
specify the standards for constructed objects such as buildings and non-building
structures. ... The building code becomes law of a particular authority when
formally approved by the appropriate governmental or private authority.
Commercial Building ICC International Building Code/2015 ER 4-15 AMII 08-
03-2015.
International Energy Conservation Code/2015 ER 4-15 AMII 08-03-2015
National Electrical Code/2014 ER 6-16 AM 07-19-2016 Energy
Conservation ICC.
International Mechanical Code/2015 ER 4-15 AMII 08-03-2015 Electrical
NFPA 70.
Fire Alarm NFPA 72/2013 ER 7-16 08-1-2016 COMAR NFPA
72/2013. Plumbing and Gas WSSC Plumbing Code NA 07-10-2015.
MBRC Maryland Building Rehabilitation Code State Adoption 03-25-2019 ICC
2012.
Mechanical ICC International Fuel Gas Code/2015 ER 4-15 AMII 08-03-2015
ICC.
Green Building Code ER 21-15 AMII 12-27-2017 Commercial Fuel Gas.
Residential Building & Mechanical ICC International Residential Code/2015 ER
4-15 AMII 08-03-2015.

10
e. Engineering Codes

Engineering standards are documents that specify characteristics and technical
details that must be met by the products, systems and processes that the standards
cover. The purpose of developing and adhering to standards is to ensure minimum
performance, meet safety requirements, make sure that the
product/system/process is consistent and repeatable, and provide for interfacing
with other standard-compliant equipment (ensure compatibility).
ASME B31 - Pressure Piping
A survey of one of the most important pressure pipe codes - ASME B31, earlier
known as ANSI B31.
ASME B31.9 - Working Pressure and Temperature Limits
The working pressure and temperature limits of ASME Code B31.9 -
Building Services Piping.
ASME/ANSI B16 Standards for Pipes and Fittings
The ASME B16 standards covers pipes and fittings in cast iron, cast bronze,
wrought copper and steel.
ASME/ANSI B36.10/19- Carbon, Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipes- Dimensions-
Metric Units- Pipe sizes, inside and outside diameters, wall thickness, schedules,
weight and weight of pipe filled with water - Metric Units.
ASTM International - Volume 01.01 Steel - Piping, Tubing, Fittings
An overview of the ASTM Volume 01.01 standard.
Carbon Steel Pipes - Comparing American & European Standards
Comparing standards of carbon steel pipes from USA, Germany, UK and Sweden.
EN 10255 - Non-alloy steel tubes suitable for welding and threading - Dimensions
Dimensions and weights of steel tubes according BS EN
10255. Fiberglass Pipes - common Standards
Commonly used standards for fiberglass pipes and their applications.
ASTM D2846- CPVC Plastic Hot and Cold Water Distribution Tubes-
Dimensions- Dimensions of CTS - Copper Tube Sized CPVC (Chlorinated Poly
Vinyl Chloride) tubes.

11
 Steel Pipe Dimensions - ANSI Schedule 80
Internal and external diameters, areas, weights, volumes and number of
threads for schedule 80 steel pipes.

4. Identify and explain the importance of Health and Welfare requirements for
Technical Drawing Laboratory in the following areas:

a. Inventory
Health and Welfare requirements is important to this area because they help to
conserve the inventory meaning it guides us the persons doing Technical
Drawing in protecting and taking care of it.
b. Maintenance Plan
Maintenance planning identifies the what, why and the how. These three items
allow the planner to identify most potential issues and provide the information,
and materials to avoid them. The importance of Health and Welfare requirements
to maintenance plan is that it helps to guide the protection of the drawing
equipment in the laboratory.
c. Layout and shop organization diagrams
A good and proper layout helps to enable proper work. Health and Welfare
requirements are important because a requirement is for you to keep diagrams and
layouts clean and secure so that they can be red and understood by the assessor.
d. List of danger points
It is important to let persons using the laboratory know the different danger points
in order for these areas to be avoided and also to prevent persons from getting
injured.
e. Safety signs and symbols
Safety signs and symbols are used to indicate/highlight the necessary cautions to
be taken and these allow the persons using the laboratory to be always alert and
aware of their surrounding and in different situations.

12
 f. Safety lanes
This Health and Welfare requirement allows for persons to know where they are
required to exit the laboratory in case of an emergency and also this
requirement helps to control traffic flow and to prevent chaos in the laboratory.
g. PPE
Personal Protective Equipment is an important Health and Welfare requirement
because it helps to guide the users in what to wear in order to protect one’s self in the
laboratory and it also tells the material the clothing should be made out of too.
h. Equipment Guards
This area of requirement focuses mainly on the ways in which equipments can be
preserved and last and be able to use for long periods of time before getting
destroyed or worn out and the different guards that we can use.

Fundamentals of Technical Drawing B

Section 1 B: Occupational Health and Safety and the
Environment Research Paper on:

5. Define the following

a. Accident
An accident is an undesirable or unintentional happening that occurs and usually
results in harm, injury, damage or loss.
b. Injury
An injury can be defined as harm or damage that is done or sustained. An injury
can be caused due to a minor/major accident, acts of violence or participating in
sports activities.
c. Emergency
An emergency is a situation that most times requires immediate attention and or
reaction. An emergency is normally due to risk to health, life, property, or
environment. Most emergencies require urgent intervention to prevent a
worsening of the situation.

13
 d. Hazards
A hazard is any source of possible damage, harm or unfavourble health effects on
something or someone. For example toxic chemicals, sharp objects in incorrect
places, a slippery floor etc.

6. An earthquake drill and the procedures in carrying out this operation.

An earthquake drill is one set of false emergency conditions designed to test the
ability of school members or employees to make the most appropriate decisions
to ensure their safety. The school members or employees should understand the
emergency response plan well, in order to react appropriately during the drill.
Procedures
The teacher in each class should initiate earthquake drills. Teacher's call ‘drop’,
pupils should either get under a desk or table if one is near and place 1 hand over
head and the other around the leg of the desk / table or use the following
procedure:
Drop to knees away from windows, keep knees together, clasp both hands firmly
behind head bowing the neck; bury face in arms protecting the head, close eyes
tightly, and stay in this position until it is safe to move. If pupils cannot get away
from windows, they should have their backs towards the glass. Only if directed by
principal classes should move outside.
7. Types of fires and fire-fighting equipment.
Fires are classified into 6 different classes:

Class A - fires involving solid materials such as wood, paper or textiles.

Class B - fires involving flammable liquids such as petrol, diesel or oils.

Class C - fires involving gases.

Class D - fires involving metals.

Class E - fires involving live electrical apparatus.

Class F - fires involving cooking oils such as in deep-fat fryers.

14
Types of Fire-fighting Equipment

 Fire hydrants

The most common use for them is to assist firefighters in putting out fires. By
connecting a hose to a hydrant, they gain access to all the water they need to
douse a burning building.

 Hose reel systems

Fire hose reel systems consist of pumps, pipes, water supply and hose reels
located in a specific area in a building, ensuring proper coverage of water to
combat a fire. The system is manually operated and activated by opening a valve
enabling the water to flow into the hose that is typically 30 meters away.

 Sprinkler systems
Sprinkler systems detect a fire through rising temperatures. As the temperature at
the sprinkler rises to between 135 to 165 degrees Fahrenheit, the liquid inside the
glass bulb expands and breaks the glass, causing the sprinkler head to be
activated.

 Water mist
A water mist system is a fire protection system which uses very fine water sprays.
The small water droplets allow the water mist to control, overpower or extinguish
fires by cooling both the flame and surrounding gases.

 Gas systems (Clean agent systems)

This system uses gases such as nitrogen, argon and carbon dioxide to reduce the
oxygen level around the fire and suppress it in the process.

 Foam systems
Foam system are mainly used to form a clear floating blanket on flammable and
combustible liquids to prevent or extinguish fires by excluding air and cooling the
fuel.

 Fire Extinguisher
A fire extinguisher is an active fire protection device used to out or control small
fires, often in emergency situations.
15

Fire Helmet – Helmets are made of durable, heat-resistant materials to protect
firefighters from both heat and falling objects. Firefighters also store items on
their helmets such as flashlights.

Turnout Pants and Jacket
Firefighters wear turnout pants and jackets made of a two-layer fabric designed
to block off heat. These materials usually feature bright orange, yellow or
reflective silver stripes to make firefighters more easily seen through smoke.
 Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
The breathing apparatus includes a mask with a hose connected to a tank filled
with breathable air. It is worn on the firefighter’s back to provide oxygen for at
least 30 minutes.

 Gloves
Firefighters wear thick leather gloves that are heavily insulated and stretch past
the wrist, giving firefighters the ability to safely handle hot objects as they
work their way through a burning structure.

 Boots
Waterproof firefighting boots are thick, natural rubber boots with rubber soles that
function well on wet surfaces.

 Personal Alert Safety System

Many fire departments include a Personal Alert Safety System (PASS). The
device monitors the firefighter’s position via GPS. A firefighter can activate
the small transmitter if he needs help or gets trapped.

16
8. Demonstration of the proper use of an extinguisher

PULL

AIM
Aim low, pointing the extinguisher nozzle at the base of the fire. NOTE: Do not
touch the plastic discharge horn on CO2 extinguishers, it gets very cold and
may damage skin.
SQUEEZE
Squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent.
SWEEP
Sweep from side to side at the base of the fire until it appears to be out. Watch
the area. If the fire re-ignites, repeat steps 2 - 4.

17
9. The parts of the extinguisher.

10. The function of a First Aid Kit and First Aider.

A first aid kit is a box, bag or pack that holds supplies used to treat minor injuries
including cuts, scrapes, burns, bruises, and sprains. More complex first aid kits
can also include survival supplies, life-saving emergency supplies or
convenience items like bug sting wipes or cold & flu medicines. Individuals who
want to prepare for medical emergencies or if they have an injury will want to
have the appropriate first aid supplies ready to use.

18
 First Aider
The role of a first aider is to provide immediate, lifesaving, medical care before
the arrival of further medical help. This could include performing procedures
such as: Placing an unconscious casualty into the recovery position.

11. How is treatment done for the following:

a. Burns
Cover the wound with a sterilized dressing, do not apply adhesive dressing
and ointments. If serious send for doctor or an ambulance. For chemical burns
use antidote if possible.
b. Electric burns

Turn off the source of electricity if possible.

Begin CPR if the person shows no signs of circulation, such as
breathing, coughing or movement.

Try to prevent the injured person from becoming chilled.

Apply a bandage.

c. Cuts and abrasions

Do not wash the wound. Apply a sterilized dressing, or an adhesive
wound dressing as quickly as possible.
e. Heavy bleeding

Stop Bleeding by applying direct pressure on the cut or wound with a clean
cloth, tissue, or piece of gauze until bleeding stops.

Clean cut or wound and then gently clean with soap and warm water.

Protect the wound and apply antibiotic cream to reduce risk of infection and cover
with a sterile bandage.

If the wound is deep, it has dirt that won’t come out, if is shows signs of
infection and or the area feels numb a doctor should be contacted.

19
12. Illustration of how mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is done.

13. Recovery position and its importance.

If a person is unconscious but is breathing and has no other life-threatening
conditions, they should be placed in the recovery position. Putting someone in the
recovery position will keep their airway clear and open. It also ensures that any
vomit or fluid won't cause them to choke.

20
Business Plan
I. Executive Summary

A. Vision Statement

Royal State Designs is a company that specializes in construction and

architectural drafting for your dream house, companies and recreational areas.
Here at Royal State we go by the motto “The Ultimate Difference” providing
services to all going. Royal State is owned by architectural designers and real
estate agents working as a team to change plans to reality to make our clients
satisfied and proud. We are a business, 2 years in service leaving multiple of
clients left well contented.

B. Goals and Objectives

These are our newly updated objectives to be achieved within a
year. Consistency in the service provided
Maintaining excellent customer service
Adjusting to changes
Consistently Growing
Gaining and remaining
profit Making a difference
Attracting new clients as we grow

C. Keys to Success
Professional and determined
workers Loyal customers
Provided quality services on time and on budget
Having a balance in the different aspects of business

21
II. Description of Business and Product

Description of Business and Product

The business is a drafting company name, Royal State Ltd, which seeks to design and
construct various housing for clients who are seeking great quality design and
construction of high standard and affordable costs. The company seeks to fashion
structures based on clients’ dreams and bring them to fruition at the most affordable and
high quality labour and materials. The ideas for this company were developed through the
demand for domestic structures. Below are the statement of problem, conditions and
design justification based on a current client’s request.

Problem Statement: A client requires a working drawing of a house to be completed

to suit the nuclear family of five.
Condition: The house designed is a three bedroom, three bathrooms and a powder
room suitable for your family of five. The house includes an office, games room, a car
garage, a spacious living and dining room, a washroom/storage, a kitchen and a veranda.
The roof used on this house is the hip and valley roof created using rafters. This roof was
chosen because it is the more stable than other roofing types and allows for water to run
off with ease.
Justification/Design: The house was designed in order to make everyone
comfortable and relaxed while together as a family. Each bedroom has its own bathroom
fit for a family as big as yours. If you want a place in your house where you can
peacefully study, work and just relax there is also an office in the house. Behind the
office there is a games room, with sound proof walls where the members of the family
can for recreational purposes. There is also an additional powder room sharing space
located at the back of the office and games room. The kitchen and washroom is towards
the back of the house with the kitchen having two entries.

22
List of Drawings:
1. Floor Plan

23
2. Foundation Plan (Footing Detail)

24
3. Roof Plan (Eave and Ridge Detail)

25
4. Elevation Plan

26
5. Sections

27
6. Site Plan

28
I. Evaluation of Market Opportunity
Often time customers come to seeking a house fit for a family of three or more persons. A
house with up to 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, a washroom and a spacious living room is the
most common trend presently found on the market.

My customers are those interested to readily and openly make the changes necessary for
the beautification and comfort of their house for themselves. With the many house
designs for my customers, it can be affirmed that the designs with 3-5 bedrooms, 2-4
bathrooms, washroom, office, games room, porch, spacious dining/living room and a two
vehicles’ garage are preferred.

My competition is the other businesses who specializes in the same field and are willing
to sell designs at a relatively cheaper cost. These other businesses also provide great
service and produces good designs which may attract customers.
In order to prevent high competition from these businesses, I ensure that all my team
members are willing to work hard by depicting the core values of the company and with
excellent customer service ensuring all designs are ready on time and that necessary
adjustments are properly made. We also strive to prevent high competition from other
businesses by working to make an ultimate difference as stated in our motto. Working
towards the objectives listed above with hard work and determination, I believe that
Royal State Ltd. will be one of the top rated company in the market and that there will be
no relative competition for my business. The designs that are produced by Royal State
will make differences as they won’t be ordinary designs but designs that will bring a
different look and vibe to society.
Some risks of losing money are wages towards team members, architects, contractors,
real estate agents and engineers. Another risk of losing money is spending money on
different materials and instruments used for making designs which are then mistakenly
used for other purposes.

29
 II. Description of Development and Production

Professional and highly skilled architectural drafters will be hired, and they will be
provided with the top materials, equipments, designing software and other services of
their comfort to provide high quality designs for our customers. With balance in all
aspects of the business, it will to great success in the production of our business.

In my business, team members will be assigned to different aspects of design and

financing. Our project board will ensure that there is proper use of panels to receive
information of what customers in the market are demanded in the different house designs
and also using the feedback received from customers to develop new projects for future
designs. The design team along with our engineers and architectural drafters will design
and provide updated feed backs to customers. Contractors will ensure that we receive the
correct material needed to design the houses being built. Our financial consultants will
deal with any talks related to the purchasing and of the designs. The board of directors
will manage the finances of business and carrying the business to higher levels both
locally and internationally.

III. Sales and Marketing Strategy

Our house designs are needed as they provide variety of options to how a family would
want their home to be designed in a comfortable and appreciable way. The cost of our
simple house designs with basic elements will range from a value of $75,000-$100,000
while our complex house designs with the advanced elements in the different layers of
the house will cost a price ranging from $130,000-$220,000 based on your choice and
preference of the element you want in the design. Different ways to purchase products
will be provided for example: customers using debit/credit cards, services will be
provided to accommodate you. The reason for our prices is because creating designs
appropriate to customers can be challenging and to purchase the equipments and material
necessary can be expensive.

30
 House designed will be advertised to customers via social media and mailing platforms.
My business can be found on all social media platform @RoyalStateDesigns and this
makes it easier for us to be contacted for any question related to house designs. We are
located at 43 Central Road, Kingston 11, Jamaica.

IV. Management and Operations Plan

Team Bio:

Board of Directors:
Ajani English: Male, Chairman of company
Javanni English: Male, Vice Chairman
Althea Townsend: Female, Treasurer
Jennifer Miller: Female, Secretary

Project Board:
Ronald Chung: Male, Manager of Project Board
Carline Whyte: Female, Assistant Manager
Malachi Rodney: Male, Senior Supplier
Joanna Richards: Female, Secretary

Designers/Engineers:
Matthew Williams: Male, Architect
Daylon Biggs: Male, Services Engineer
Ashley Bailey: Female, Special Designer
Justin Marshall: Male, Structural Engineer

31
 Consultants:
Michelle Brown: Female, Cost Consultant
Sonia Black: Female, CDM Coordinator
Kyle Cameron: Specialist Consultant

Contractors:
Joseph Dacosta: Male, Head Contractor
Romario South: Male, Sub-Contractor
Nathan Chin: Male, Supplier

Mentors for my team are those who will give advice and help in guiding the company in
the right path based on what they have experienced. Some of my mentors are older
friends and family members who have been past business owners. My parents and
siblings are also apart of those who are willing to guide me and help me to improve the
company as we grow day by day. Additional skills needed are: more contractors, more
architectural drafters, customer service operators and more suppliers.

V. Financials
Drafting equipment such as T-square and French curves use to design the house would be
at a cost of $2500 and a drafting machine would be at a cost of $4000. Other expenses for
the business ae: wages, bills, other office equipment, other designing materials and other
building materials such as sand and steel. We will need to sell a minimum of 15 designs
per week at a price ranging from $25,000 - $50,000 each for us to consistently be
considered at the point of margin of safety. The capital needed to start the business is
around $500,000.

32
VI. Appendices
Timeline for Business:
2019: Launching of Business
2020: Growing in and Earning Profits
2021: Gaining additional project sponsors
2022: Expansion of business to markets internationally
2023: Employing additional skilled/team members

Floor Plan Sketch

33
 Conclusion

Technical drawing will always be a part of our lives providing us with new designs and projects
which aids in the development of technology. Technical drawing teaches us different ways to
make designs for either engineering or architecture. This School Based Assessment gives a
better understanding of what is Technical Drawing, it will also provide information on how
Technical Drawing relates to different fields and its importance in the different fields, its codes,
the School Based Assessment also gives us tips on being safe when participating in areas related
to Technical Drawing.

34
 Reference

Fire Extinguisher- https://www.amerex-fire.com/upl/downloads/educational-

documents/fire-and-fire-extinguishment-99cd88b2.pdf

Technical Drawing Codes- https://www.astmsteel.com/?s=aisi

Definition of Technical Drawing- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_drawing

35