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  • Davis & Penck

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    Sarthak
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    The document outlines Davis' fluvial/normal cycle of erosion which describes the sequential changes that rivers undergo over time as they develop landscapes. It identifies three stages - youth, mature, and old age - where the river's velocity, gradient, kinetic energy, transport capacity, and other features change in a systematic way. For example, in the youth stage the river has high velocity and steep gradient, allowing it to carry large boulders and rapidly incise valleys. In mature and old age stages, the river gradient decreases and features like wide valleys and floodplains develop. While the model synthesized geological thoughts at the time, it has also received criticisms for oversimplifying factors like rates of uplift and erosion.

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    DAVIS AND PENCFK MODEL OF EROSWION CYCLE.

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    davis & penck

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    The document outlines Davis' fluvial/normal cycle of erosion which describes the sequential changes that rivers undergo over time as they develop landscapes. It identifies three stages - youth, mature, and old age - where the river's velocity, gradient, kinetic energy, transport capacity, and other features change in a systematic way. For example, in the youth stage the river has high velocity and steep gradient, allowing it to carry large boulders and rapidly incise valleys. In mature and old age stages, the river gradient decreases and features like wide valleys and floodplains develop. While the model synthesized geological thoughts at the time, it has also received criticisms for oversimplifying factors like rates of uplift and erosion.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    10 views1 page

    Davis & Penck

    Uploaded by

    Sarthak
    The document outlines Davis' fluvial/normal cycle of erosion which describes the sequential changes that rivers undergo over time as they develop landscapes. It identifies three stages - youth, mature, and old age - where the river's velocity, gradient, kinetic energy, transport capacity, and other features change in a systematic way. For example, in the youth stage the river has high velocity and steep gradient, allowing it to carry large boulders and rapidly incise valleys. In mature and old age stages, the river gradient decreases and features like wide valleys and floodplains develop. While the model synthesized geological thoughts at the time, it has also received criticisms for oversimplifying factors like rates of uplift and erosion.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    DAVIS FLUVIAL/NORMAL CYCLE OF EROSION

    LFs- sequential chngs,through time,Y/M/I stgs,SeqCs directed towards well defined end prod. Dev of
    peneplain. 3FACTORS- Trio of D, ''LF= function (S+P+T)" BASIC PREMISES: 1. LF=P (Endo +Exo) 2.
    EVOL.(LF)=Sequential,orderly,syetematic through time 3. streams erode valleys downward untill graded
    cond. achieved, 4. Short prd.Rapid rate of upliftment 5. erosion & upliftment not go hand in hand.

    THEMES OF INFO YOUTH MATURE OLD


    RIVER VELOCITY HIGH LESS
    CHANNEL GRADIENT Steep,High extremely low
    KINETIC ENERGY high SUBSTANTIAL remarkably reduced
    ^^ Carry big boulders> DECREASE
    TRANSPORT CAP. valley incision?=
    verticalEro (PotholeD)
    rapid VERT,Active VE/V deepning
    VERTICAL E / V
    Dpning, HdwrdE, reduces, TOTAL ABST.
    DEEPNING
    StrmLntning
    ENTROPY LOW MAXIMUN
    LATERAL E/V
    INACTIVE LE> V Widening> STILL ACTIVE
    WIDENING
    V spd Vs>> wide VLYs ALMOST FLAT,CONCAVE SIDE
    gradual ^^ in depth aka
    VALLEYS (uniform / rectilinear SLOPES/GENTLE
    V Deepning/STEEP
    V sides)
    SLOPE TYPES/SHAPES CONVEX STRAIGHT CONCAVE
    rapidly eroded, reduced in
    ABSOLUTE H/SUMMIT CONSTANT mrkd lowering/fall dimension by both back &
    downwasting
    RELATIVE
    INCREASES DECREASES decreases sharply
    H/relief/VALLEY FLOOR
    Extensive Flood Ps,
    Waterfalls, Rapids,
    developed meanders,
    FEATURE ASSOCIATED Plunge Pools, Gorges, WIDE VALLEYS
    convexo concave
    Canyons,V shp VLYs
    MONADKNOCS, Peneplain
    POSITIVES: highly Simple, applicable.// lucid,compelling,expressive lng. & presentation//detailed,based
    on careful field obsdervations// came as a gen. th. Of LF Dev.// synthesised curr. Geological thaughts,
    incorporated base lvl, graded streams, profile of equillibrium concepts etc. //model capable of both
    pre & RETRODICTIONS
    NEGATIVES:1. of uplift=xx>
    concept of LF evolution.
    rapid rate, short prd. Xx, By Tectonics= slow,long, continued. 2.Rel.
    b/w = erroneous? Erosion not starts unless upliftment comletes, Hand in hand ==xx (D admitted> 2
    reasons for excluding erosion from cycle 1.insignificant 2. for siplicity) 3.Rqd. long prd. of crustal
    stabillity= not possible.? tectonics> crust=motion, (expl. if so=erosion interrupted, fresh cycles starts), 4.
    overemphasising time >Penck objected>time indep.> ac. to P LF= expression of phase and rate of
    upliftmtent and degradation. 5. strahler,JT hack, chorley rejected histo. evolution, forwarded dynamic
    euillibrium, 6. interpretation= entirely emoirical, lacks instrumentation & measurement.

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