Contents

Material

Page
Section 1 – Manufacture, Testing and Certification
A. General ............................................................................................................................................................... 1- 2
B Manufacturer Approval ......................................................................................................................................... 1- 2
C. Manufacture and Material Quality ........................................................................................................................ 1- 2
D. Inspection and Testing ........................................................................................................................................ 1- 3
E. Identification and Marking .................................................................................................................................... 1- 5
F. Documentation and Certification ......................................................................................................................... 1- 6

Section 2 – Mechanical and Technological Testing Procedures

A. General ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-2
B. Tensile Tests ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-2
C. Bend Tests ........................................................................................................................................................... 2-6
D. Toughness Tests.................................................................................................................................................. 2-7
E. Ductility Tests for Pipes and Tubes ..................................................................................................................... 2-9
F. Hardness Tests .................................................................................................................................................... 2-11
G. Bend Tests on Pipes and Tubes .......................................................................................................................... 2-12
H. Non-Destructive Testings ..................................................................................................................................... 2-12

Section 3 – Rolled Steel Plates, Sections and Bars

A. General ............................................................................................................................................................... 3- 4
B. Normal and Higher Strength Hull Structural Steels ............................................................................................. 3-12
C. High-Strength Steels for Welded Structures........................................................................................................ 3-28
D. Steels for Boilers and Pressure Vessels ............................................................................................................. 3-35
E. Steels for Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases In Bulk And Ships Using Gases Or Other
Low-Flashpoint Fuels ............................................................................................................................ ..............3-38
F. Stainless Steels................................................................................................................................................... 3-40
G. Clad Steel Plates................................................................................................................................................. 3-42
H. Steels with Specified Minimum Through Thickness Properties ........................................................................... 3-45
I. Unalloyed Steels for Welded Structures .............................................................................................................. 3-47
J. Requirements For Use of Extremely Thick Steel Plates on Container Carriers......................................... ……...3-49
K. Approval of Manufacturing Scheme of Hull Structural Steels .............................................................................. 3-59
Annex 1 Measures for Extremely Thick Steel Plates
Annex 2 Manufacturing Approval Scheme for TL-EH47 Steels
Annex 3 Manufacturing Approval Scheme for Brittle Crack Arrest Steels
Annex 4 Test Method for Brittle Crack Arrest Toughness, Kca
Annex 5 Outline of Requirements for Undertaking Isothermal Crack Arrest Temperature (CAT) Test
Appendix A Manufacturing Approval Scheme of Hull Structural Steels
Appendix B Approval scheme for manufacturer of hull structural steels intended for welding with high heat input
Appendix C Procedure for Approval of Corrosion resistant steels for cargo oil Tanks - Approval Procedure for
Corrosion Resistant Steel
Appendix D Manufacturing Approval Scheme of the High Strength Steels for Welded Structures
 Contents

Section 4 – Steel Pipes and Fittings

A. General .......................................................................................................................................................... 4-2
B. Pipes for General Purpose ............................................................................................................................. 4-7
C. Pipes for High Temperature Services ............................................................................................................ 4-10
D. Pipes for Low Temperature Services ............................................................................................................. 4-13
E. Stainless Steel Pipes ..................................................................................................................................... 4-18
F. Fittings............................................................................................................................................................ 4-19

Section 5 – Steel Forgings

A. General ............................................................................................................................................................... 5-3
B. Forgings for Hull and Machinery Construction ..................................................................................................... 5-10
C. Forgings for Crankshafts ...................................................................................................................................... 5-14
D. Forgings for Gears . ............................................................................................................................................. 5-16
E. Forgings for Boilers, Pressure Vessels and Systems........................................................................................... 5-20
F. Steel Forgings For Low Temperature Services .................................................................................................... 5-22
G. Non-Destructive Testing of Forged Components ................................................................................................. 5-25
H. List of Forged Components for Which Non-Destructive Tests are Required ........................................................ 5-32
I. Classifying of Inspection Zones For Magnetic Particle Testing (Mt) ..................................................................... 5-33
J. Classifying of Inspection Zones for Ultrasonic Testing (Ut) .................................................................................. 5-38

Section 6 – Steel Castings

A. General ................................................................................................................................................................ 6-3
B. Steel Castings for Hull And Machinery Construction ............................................................................................ 6-8
C. Steel Castings for Crankshafts and Connecting Rods ......................................................................................... 6-11
D. Steel Castings for Steam Boilers, Pressure Vessels and Pipelines .................................................................... 6-12
E. Steel Castings for Low Temperature Services ..................................................................................................... 6-14
F. Stainless Steel Castings ...................................................................................................................................... 6-17
G. Non-Destructive Testing of Cast Steel Components ............................................................................................ 6-20
H. List of Cast Steel Components for Which Non-Destructive Tests are Required ................................................... 6-33
I. Testing Instructions for Hull Structural Parts ........................................................................................................ 6-34
J. Testing Instruction for Diesel Engine Parts .......................................................................................................... 6-42

Section 7 – Iron Castings

A. Spheroidal or Nodular Graphite Iron Castings...................................................................................................... 7-2
B. Grey Iron Castings ............................................................................................................................................... 7-10

Section 8 – Aluminium Alloys

A. Wrought Aluminium Alloys ................................................................................................................................... 8-2
B. Aluminium Alloy Castings ..................................................................................................................................... 8-8
C. Rivets ................................................................................................................................................................... 8-10
D. Transition Joints ................................................................................................................................................... 8-11

Section 9 – Copper Alloys

A. Pipes of Copper And Wrought Copper Alloys. ..................................................................................................... 9-2
B. Copper Alloys Castıngs ........................................................................................................................................ 9-9
 Contents

Section 10 – Materials for Equipment

A. Anchors ................................................................................................................................................................ 10-2
B. Anchor Chain Cables and Accessories ................................................................................................................ 10-8
C. Offshore Mooring Chains and Accessories .......................................................................................................... 10-20
D. Wire Ropes .......................................................................................................................................................... 10-43
E. Fibre Ropes.......................................................................................................................................................... 10-46

Section 11 – Materials for Propeller

A. Cast Copper Alloy Propellers ............................................................................................................................... 11-2
B. Cast Stainless Steel Propellers ............................................................................................................................ 11-12
Annex A. Welding Procedure and Welder’s Qualification Tests for Propellers Made of Cast Copper Alloys.............. 11-19
Annex B. Welding Procedure Qualification Test for Propellers Made of Cast Stainless Steel .................................... 11-22

Section 12 – Wooden Materials

A. General ................................................................................................................................................................ 12-2
B. Types of Wood and Classifications ...................................................................................................................... 12-2
C. Boatbuilding Plywood ........................................................................................................................................... 12-4
D. Plywood for Aircraft .............................................................................................................................................. 12-11
E. Joining of Wood Materials .................................................................................................................................... 12-18
F. Wood Protection................................................................................................................................................... 12-19
G. Requirement for the Core Materials of Sandwich Laminates Cross-Cut Balsa Wood ......................................... 12-19

Section 13 – Fibre Reinforced Plastics

A. Requirements for Materials and Production ......................................................................................................... 13-2
B. Inspection and Testing of Fibre Composite Materials .......................................................................................... 13-10
C. Repair of Components ........................................................................................................................................ 13-19

Section 14 – Fittings and Pressed Parts, Bolts and Nuts

A. Pressed Parts....................................................................................................................................................... 14-1
B. Pipe Fittings ......................................................................................................................................................... 14-5
C. Bolts and Nuts ..................................................................................................................................................... 14-8
 Section 1 – Manufacture, Testing and Certification 1- 1

SECTION 1

MANUFACTURE, TESTING AND CERTIFICATION

Page
A. General ............................................................................................................................................................... 1-2
1. Scope
2. Other Relevant Specifications
3. Information to be Supplied by the Purchaser
B. Manufacturer Approval ..................................................................................................................................... 1-2
C. Manufacture and Material Quality .................................................................................................................... 1-2
1. Manufacture
2. Chemical Composition
3. Condition of Supply
4. Defects
5. Weldability
D. Inspection and Testing ..................................................................................................................................... 1-3
1. General
2. Test Material
3. Mechanical Tests
4. Retesting
5. Visual and Non-Destructive Examinations
E. Identification and Marking ................................................................................................................................ 1-5
1. Identification of Materials and Products
2. Marking
3. Use of the TL Stamps
4. Stamping of Specimens by the Works
F. Documentation and Certification ..................................................................................................................... 1-6
1. TL Certificate
2. Works’ Certificates
3. Alternative Verification

TÜRK LOYDU - MATERIAL – JANUARY 2023

1- 2 Section 1 –Manufacture, Testing and Certification A,B,C

A. General products are tested in accordance with these rules and

other relevant rules. Optional or additional conditions
1. Scope are also to be indicated.

1.1 This section specifies the requirements for the

manufacture, testing and certification of materials and B. Manufacturer Approval
products used for the construction, repair and equipping
of vessels classed or intended to be classed by TL. 1. All materials and products for hull construction
and equipment are to be manufactured at works
1.2 The scope of these Rules includes all those approved by TL. (See Section 3 Appendixes A, A1, A2
materials and products whose use is referred to in the and B (Reference TL- R W 11.Appendixes A, A1, A2
Rules for Construction. TL reserve the right to extend and B)).
the scope of these Rules to materials and products not
specifically mentioned in the Rules for Construction.
C. Manufacture and Material Quality
1.3 Materials, test specimens and mechanical
testing procedures having characteristics differing from 1. Manufacture
those prescribed herein may be approved upon
application, due regard being paid to established 1.1 All materials are to be manufactured by
practices in the country in which the material is sufficiently well proven techniques, which ensure that
produced. the required properties are achieved. Where new
processes are to be employed, preliminary proof of their
2. Other Relevant Specifications
suitability is to be submitted to TL. According to the
decision of TL, this shall take the form of special
2.1 Materials and products complying with
procedure tests and/or the presentation of works
international, national and proprietary specifications
documentation of tests performed or of expert
may be accepted by TL provided such specifications
assessments by independent testing bodies.
give reasonable equivalence to the requirements of
these rules or are otherwise specially approved. Where
1.2 In the case of steel, the well proven techniques
the following sections refer to a standard without a
referred to in 1.1 include basic oxygen or electric
specified publication date, the current version of the
furnace steel-making and continuous, ingot and mould
standard shall apply.
casting.

2.2 Unless otherwise agreed, inspection and

2. Chemical Composition
certification of materials and products complying with
other specifications are to be carried out in accordance
2.1 The chemical composition of samples taken
with the requirements of these rules and other relevant
from each ladle of each cast is to be determined by the
rules.
manufacturer in sufficiently equipped laboratory and is
to satisfy the requirements relating to chemical
2.3 Should differences exist between these Rules
composition and properties specified in these Rules.
and the relevant standards or specifications with regard
to their requirements, the tests shall take account of the
2.2 The chemical analysis declared by the
more stringent requirements.
manufacturer is to be accepted subject to occasional
checks if required by the surveyor.
3. Information to be Supplied by the
Purchaser
3. Condition of Supply

The purchaser is to supply the manufacturer with all

3.1 Unless otherwise agreed, all materials and
information necessary to ensure that materials and

TÜRK LOYDU - MATERIAL – JANUARY 2023

C,D Section 1 –Manufacture, Testing and Certification
products are to be supplied in the finished condition
according to these rules, including heat treatment if
required.
3.2 Heat treatment is to be carried out in suitable
and efficient furnaces, equipped with appropriate means
for control and recording of temperature. The
manufacturer is to maintain records of heat treatment
identifying the furnace used, furnace charge, date and
temperature. The records are to be presented to the
surveyor on request.
3.3 The furnace dimensions are to be such as to
allow the material to be uniformly heated to the
specified temperature.
3.4 In the case of very large parts, alternative
methods for heat treatment are to be specially
considered.
4. Defects
4.1 All materials and products are to be free from
cracks, injurious surface flaws, injurious laminations and
similar defects.
4.2 Insignificant surface defects may be removed
mechanically provided that the dimensional tolerances
permitted for these products are not exceeded.
4.3 Repair of defects by welding is only to be
carried out when permitted by the appropriate specific
requirements. Proposal to repair a defective material by
welding is to be submitted to the surveyor for approval
before repair work is commenced.
5. Weldability
Materials intended for the manufacture of welded
structures are to be weldable by standard workshop
techniques. Where welding is possible only in special
conditions, these shall be determined in agreement with
TL and shall be validated by a procedure test.
TÜRK LOYDU - MATERIAL - JANUARY 2023
1- 3
D. Inspection and Testing
1. General
1.1 As far as practicable, the inspections and tests
are to be carried out at the manufacturer’s works before
delivery.
1.2 If the necessary facilities are not available at
the manufacturer’s works, the testing is to be carried out
at a recognised testing laboratory.
1.3 Interested parties are to apply for inspection in
adequate time.
Prior to inspection and testing, the manufacturer is to
provide the surveyor with details of the orders, technical
specs and any special condition additional to the rule
requirements.
1.4 The surveyor is to be given the opportunity to
inspect and check at any time all plants and equipment
used in the manufacture and testing.
The surveyor is to be supplied with the information
necessary to assess whether production and tests are
performed according to the rule requirements.
1.5 All tests and inspections required by the rules
are to be carried out in the presence of the surveyors, or
when expressly agreed with TL, in the presence of the
person responsible for internal control.
1.6 The tests required are to be performed by
qualified personnel in accordance with the procedures
stated by TL.
The testing and measuring equipment is to be
adequate, maintained in proper condition and regularly
calibrated. The records of calibration is to be kept up to
date and made available to the surveyor.
2. Test Material
2.1 For the purpose of test sampling the following
definitions apply:
1- 4 Section 1 – Manufacture, Testing and Certification
2.1.1 Unit, single plate, pipe, forging, casting or
other single product.
2.1.2 Batch, number of similar units presented as a
group for acceptance testing, on the basis of the tests to
be carried out on the test sample.
2.1.3 Test Sample, a sufficient quantity of material
taken from the sample product for the purpose of
producing one or more test specimen. (See Figure 1.1)
2.1.4 Test specimen, part of sample with specified
dimensions and conditions for submission to a given
test. (See Figure 1.1)
2.2 Test material sufficient for the required tests
and also for possible retests purposes is to be provided.
2.3 The test material is to be representative of the
unit or sample product and is not to be seperated until
all the specified heat treatment has been completed.
2.4 Where TL’s certification is required, all the test
samples are to be selected and marked by the surveyor,
unless otherwise agreed.
3. Mechanical Tests
3.1 The mechanical tests are to be carried out in
Figure 1.1 Test sample and test specimen to be taken for a welding test
TÜRK LOYDU - MATERIAL – JANUARY 2023
D
the presence of the surveyor, unless otherwise agreed.
3.2 For checking of the mechanical properties of
the material, test methods and specimens in compliance
with the requirements of Section 2 are to be used.
3.3 The type of tests, the number and direction of
the test specimens and the results of tests are to
comply with the requirements relevant to the type of
material or product.
4. Retesting
4.1 When the result of any test, other than impact
test, fails to meet the requirements, two further tests
may be made from the same sample. If both of these
additional tests are satisfactory, the unit may be
accepted.
4.2 When the results from a set of three impact
test specimens fail to the requirements, three additional
test specimens from the same sample may be tested
and the results added to those previously obtained to
form a new average. If this new average complies with
the requirements and if not more than two individual
results are lower than the required average and, of
these, not more than one result is below 70% of the
specified average value, the unit may be accepted.
D,E Section 1 – Manufacture, Testing and Certification 1- 5

4.3 If unsatisfactory results are obtained from 5.4 Non-destructive examination

retests representative of a batch, the unit from which the
tests were made is to be rejected. The remaining Non-destructive examination is to be performed by
material in the batch may be accepted provided that two skilled and qualified personnel, using calibrated
further units are tested with satisfactory result. equipment according to approved procedures,
recognized standards and requirements of TL.
4.4 When a batch is rejected, the remaining units
in the batch may be resubmitted individually for test, The manufacturer or other organization responsible for
and those which give satisfactory results may be non-destructive examination is required to issue a
accepted. certificate indicating the results.

4.5 If any test specimen fails, because of faulty
preparation, visible defects or because of fracturing
outside the range permitted for the appropriate gauge
length (in the case of tensile test), the defective test
specimen may be disregarded and replaced by an
additional test specimen of the same type.
5. Visual and Non-Destructive Examinations
5.1 General
The materials and products are to be subjected to visual
examination, dimensional check and, when applicable,
non-destructive examination.
The above mentioned examinations are to be carried out
on materials and products in appropriate conditions under
the responsibility of the manufacturer and are to be
witnessed by the surveyor, when require by the rules.
5.2 Visual examination
Unless otherwise specified, visual examination is
performed by the surveyor on each unit, for products
tested on individual units and randomly, for products
tested by lot.
5.3 Verification of compliance with approved
plans
Verification of compliance with approved plans is the
responsibility of the manufacturer.
Some checks are to be made in presence of the
surveyor, as deemed necessary or where expressly
required in these rules.
The various steps of non-destructive examinations are
to be witnessed by the surveyor, when required.
E. Identification and Marking
1. Identification of Materials and Products
The manufacturer is to introduce a system of
identification which enables all finished material and
product to be traced to the original cast. The surveyor is
to be given full facilities for tracing the materials when
required.
2. Marking
2.1 Before acceptance, all materials and products
which have been tested and inspected with satisfactory
results are to be clearly marked by the manufacturer at
least at one position with the necessary marking as
described in the following Sections. The marking shall
agree with the details given in the works certificates or
delivery documents.
2.2 The marking is normally to be impressed with a
punch, unless such marking is precluded by materials
with a sensitive surface or which are too thin. In such
cases marking may be done with low-stress stamps,
paint, rubber stamps, adhesive stickers or electro-
engraving.
2.3
All marks are to be so applied that their legibility cannot
be impaired by the transportation or storage of the
products. Where the further processing of the products
entails the removal of existing marks, the manufacturer
concerned is to apply these to a different spot and shall

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1- 6 Section 1 – Manufacture, Testing and Certification E,F

arrange for the transfer of the TL stamp, unless another of Classification, are to be marked, irrespective of the
solution is adopted. extent of the tests prescribed, with the special stamp in
the presence of the surveyor, provided that, when
2.4 As a general rule, every product is to be tested, the products have met the requirements
marked. In the case of small parts of the same type and stipulated in the specifications or supply conditions:
size which are securely packed in crates, drums or
similar containers, and also in the case of steel rods and 3.5 Should it be shown during subsequent tests or
sections weighing up to 25 kg/m and packed together in during further processing of the tested products that
bundles, marking of the uppermost unit is sufficient or these have defects or in some way no longer meet the
by a securely fastened, strong tag. requirements, the TL stamping shall be cancelled in a
suitable manner.
2.5 Wherever possible, marks should be enclosed
by a painted surface. In the case of forgings and 4. Stamping of Specimens by the Works
castings, the area to be marked should be bright
machined. Manufacturers of materials who have an independent
quality control department may, with the consent of TL
3. Use of the TL Stamps surveyor, allow members of this department to apply the
specimen stamp. The surveyor is to be notified of the
3.1 Specimens and the product from which names of the persons authorized for stamping and of
specimens have been taken are to be marked with the the marks identifying their personal stamps.
TL cold stamp, unless otherwise agreed in accor-
dance with 4.
F. Documentation and Certification
3.2 Products which have been tested in
accordance with these Rules are to be marked with TL 1. TL Certificate
cold stamp, provided that all requirements of the TL
Rules have been satisfied. For materials or products tested with satisfactory results,
TL issues a certificate stating that the materials or
As an exception, shipbuilding steels of grades E and F products have been tested in accordance with TL Rules.
which are subject to individual testing as well as the
non-alloy pipes R 360, R 410 and R 490 may also be A certificate issued by the manufacturer is to be
stamped in accordance with 3.3. attached to TL’s certificate and is to include, as
applicable, manufacturer’s name, purchaser’s name,
3.3 Plates, sections and rods of steel which are order and hull number, description of product,
grouped into test batches for testing, are to be marked dimensions and weight, results of inspection and tests,
with the "batch stamp", provided that all the identification and testing marks stamped on the
requirements have been satisfied: materials or products.

This stamp may be applied by approved materials 1.1 Material certificate according to TL Rules
manufacturers and suppliers themselves.
Materials and products intended for use within the
In exceptional cases, e.g. series-produced steel scope of classification have to be delivered with a
castings, the letters "TL" may be either cast or stamped material certificate according to TL Rules.
in.
To obtain this material certificate the TL Rules relevant
3.4 Products which have to be tested in for the material/product are to be satisfied. The
accordance with other specifications or supply manufacturer is to be approved by TL for the
conditions, i.e. which shall not be used within the scope material/product.

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F Section 1 – Manufacture, Testing and Certification 1- 7

1.2 Material certificate according to other - Application and drawing number, where
rules necessary,

For materials and products which are not to be tested - Weight of products,
according to TL Rules but to other rules a material
certificate may be issued. In this case TL will carry out - Manufacturing process,
an acceptance test on behalf of the orderer as neutral
third party. - Heat numbers and chemical composition,

The rules which are to be met for the acceptance test - Condition of supply,
have to be named in the material certificate, whereat
here the TL Rules shall not be named. If the test - Details of heat treatment, where necessary,
requirements are fulfilled a material certificate will be
issued. - Marking,

Materials and products with this certificate shall not be - Results of non-specific material testing of current
used within the scope of Classification. production.

2. Works’ Certificates 2.2 Manufacturer's inspection certificate

Where, in accordance with the Rules or special
agreements, the task of material testing is left to the
manufacturer, the latter is to issue a relevant certificate.
2.1 Test report of the manufacturer
Where, in accordance with the Rules or special
agreements, a certificate of the manufacturer,
independent of the material/product at hand, is required,
the manufacturer shall issue a relevant test report
(e.g.2.2 according to EN 10204). The manufacturer is to
be approved for the material/product.
The test report is to specify the following:
Where, in accordance with the Rules or special
arrangements, a certificate of the manufacturer for the
material at hand and product respectively is required,
the manufacturer shall issue a relevant inspection
certificate (e.g. 3.1 according to EN 10204). Also in
such cases the manufacturer shall be approved for the
material/product.
The inspection certificate is to specify the following:
- Name of purchaser together with order number,
- Newbuilding and project number respectively,
where known

- Name of purchaser together with order number, - Item numbers and quantities,

- Newbuilding and project number respectively, - Dimension and indication of product,

where known,
- Material grade, type and specification,
- Item numbers and quantities,
- Application and drawing number, where
- Dimension and indication of product, necessary,

- Material grade, type and specification, - Weight of products,

- Manufacturing process,

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1- 8 Section 1 – Manufacture, Testing and Certification F

- Heat number and chemical composition, 3.1 Confirmation of the test results on a commonly
issued certificate of manufacturer and TL (e.g.
- Condition of supply, inspection certificate 3.2 according to EN 10204).

- Details of heat treatment, where necessary, 3.2 In the case of products produced in large
quantities and subjected to testing by heat or batch, by
- Test pressures, where necessary, confirmation of the surveyor who appends his stamp
and signature to the manufacturer's certificate in token
- Results of special tests to be undertaken, where that the tests carried out on the consignment in
necessary, accordance with the Rules have satisfied the
requirements. In addition, the manufacturer shall add by
- Results of mechanical tests of the delivery at printing in the certificate an appropriate remark and
hand. shall also confirm that the products listed in the
documents have been manufactured in accordance with
3. Alternative Verification TL Rules.

By agreement, the results may also be attested using

the following alternatives:

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 Section 2 – Mechanical and Technological Testing Procedures 2- 1

SECTION 2

MECHANICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL TESTING PROCEDURES

Page

A. General ............................................................................................................................................................... 2-2

1. Scope
2. Preparation of Test Specimens
3. Testing Machines
B. Tensile Tests ...................................................................................................................................................... 2-2
1. Tensile Test Specimens
2. Tensile Properties at Ambient Temperature
3. Tensile Retest Procedure
C. Bend Tests ......................................................................................................................................................... 2-6
1. Bend Test Specimen
2. Bend Test Procedure
D. Toughness Tests ............................................................................................................................................... 2-7
1. Charpy V-Notch Impact Test
2. Drop Weight Test
E. Ductility Tests for Pipes and Tubes ................................................................................................................. 2-9
1. Flattening Test
2. Drift Expanding Test
3. Flanging Test
4. Ring expanding test
5. Ring Tensile Test
F. Hardness Tests ................................................................................................................................................ 2-11
1. General
2. Purpose
G. Bend Tests on Pipes and Tubes .................................................................................................................... 2-12
1. Test Specimen
H. Non-Destructive Testings ............................................................................................................................... 2-12
1. General
2. Standards and Regulations
3. Requirements Applicable to the Inspection Body
4. Inspection Personnel, Supervisors
5. Test Methods, Equipment and Test Media
6. Preparation and Performance of Tests
7. Certification of Test Results
8. Visual Testing (VT)
9. Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)
10. Penetrant Testing
11. Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
12. Radiographic Testing

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2- 2 Section 2 – Mechanical and Technological Testing Procedures A,B

A. General 3.3 Tensile/compression testing machines are to

be calibrated in accordance with ISO 7500-1 or other
1. Scope recognized standard.

1.1 This section gives the requirements for testing 3.4 Impact testing machines are to be calibrated in
machines, testing procedures and test specimens when accordance with ISO 148-2 or other recognized
testing ferrous and non-ferrous metals. standard.

1.2 Alternative test specimens, such as those 3.5 The accuracy of tensile test machines is to be

complying with recognized national standards, may be within minus or plus one per cent.

accepted subject to special approval by TL. The same

applies to the given testing procedures.
B. Tensile Tests

2. Preparation of Test Specimens

1. Tensile Test Specimens

2.1 Test samples from which test specimens are

cut are to have undergone the same treatment as the 1.1 Designations

material from which they have been taken (e.g. heat

treatment). The following designations are used (see Figure 2.1 and
2.2):

2.2 If test samples are cut from material by flame

d0 = Diameter of round specimen
cutting or shearing, a reasonable margin is required to
enable sufficient material to be removed from the cut
a = Thickness of flat specimen
edges during final machining.

b = Width of flat specimen

2.3 The preparation of test specimens is to be
done in such a manner that test specimens are not
L0 = Original gauge length
subjected to any significant straining or heating.

Lc = Parallel length
2.4 Any of the test specimens referred to as
'alternative' may be used except as otherwise stated or
S0 = Original cross sectional area
agreed.

r = Transition radius
3. Testing Machines

D = External tube diameter

3.1 All tests are to be carried out by competent
personnel.
t = Plate thickness

3.2 Testing machines are to be maintained in a

satisfactory and accurate condition and are to be
recalibrated at approximately annual intervals. This
calibration is to be traced to a nationally recognized
authority and is to be to the satisfaction of TL. The
calibration records are to be made available to the
surveyor.
Figure 2.1 Round specimen

TÜRK LOYDU - MATERIAL - JANUARY 2023