11

Work, Energy and Power

1. Work: The amount of work done is .measured by the product of
tie force and the displacement of the body. along the line of action of the
fonce.
It is the dot (or scalar) product of force and displacement, thus

W=F.S. = FS cose
Hence, if
cos6= 1; , W= FS
Cii) =90 cose 0; W=0
(iii) F =
0 W= 0; and
iv) S = 0; W0
2. Units of work
() In S. I. unit->joule or Nm.
(i) In C. G. S. System->ergs or dyne cm.
(il) In F. P. S. System>ft-poundal.
1
joule= 10' ergs.u
3. Power : Power may be defined as the rate of doing work. In other
words it represents work done in unit time, thus,
W
P=
cose
Also, P = FS = FV cose; but if 6 = 0.

then P = FV thus w: can write, P = F. V

4. Units of Power
(i) In S. I. unit->Jole/sec = watt
(ii) In C: G.S. system->ergs/sec
(i) In F. P. S. system ft-poundal/sec.
Also, 1
H. P. = 550 ft 1b/sec

550 x 1-356 joule/sec

746 watt.
 84 Numericals in Physics

1 kilowatt = =1-36 H. P.
746
5. Energy Energy possessed by a body may be defined
:
its
capacity for doing work. It is measured by the total amount of work whi
the body can do.
6. Unit of Energy : Since energy is the capacity for doing doing work.
work
Therefore, joule, erg, and ft. poundal are also unit of energy.
In addition to the above units of energy, kilowatt hours (used for
electrical energy) and electron volt (usually used in atomic physics) are als
so
unit of energy.
1
Kilowatt hour (K. H.) = 36x 102 ergs = 36x 105 joules
W,.

1 electron volt (e. v.)= 1-6 x 10-12 ergs = 1-6x 10-19 joules.
7. Kinetic energy: Kinetic energy of a body may be defined as
the
energy possessed by virtue of its motion.

K.E.mv2
Also, K. E-mp?= . m
Ano o

wliere p is the momentum.

8. Potential energy: Potential energy of a body may be defined as
the energy possessed by the body by virtue of its position or configuration
(or condition). P. E. = mgh

9.Work energy theorem The work done by the resultant force on

an object is equal to the change in its Kinetic energy.
Work done= Change in K. E.

W=E-E= dE
This is known as work energy theorem.
10. Stopping distance : If a body is
moving with a velocity v and
is stopped at a distance S by a
constant force F. then
Change in K. E. = work done
(
mv F. S. nl
Therefore. stopping distance S - my2 Initial K. E._
2F Retarding force
11. Conservatlon of energyt In the
absence of friction, the Sum
of K. E. and P. E. of a body remains constant in
the gravitational field.
 Work, Energy and Power 85

A body of mass 40
kg is dragged 8 metre on a rough horizontal surfacc
i 10 sec. with a constant velocity by a constant force of 20 N, then
calculate the work done by the force and total work done by all the
forces.
Ans. 160 joul; zero.
We have,
W F.S. 20 x8 = 160joule.
2. In the above question, calculate
K. E. of the body.

Ans. 128 joule.

s=vt or, 8 = vx 10; V=0-8 m/sec

K.E.mv? = x 40 x (0-8) = 12:8joule.

3. In the above question, calculate the power generated by the force.

Ans. 16 watt.
p-
P= 16016
10
watt.

4. Calculate the work done by air on expanding from 50 litres to 150

litres at a constant pressure of 2 x 105 N/m2
Ans. 2x 104 joule.
=
I litre 10-3m3
dv= (150 50) = 100 litres =0-I m
Therefore, W = Pdv =2x 10 x01 = 2x 10 joule.
5. A simple pendulum consists of bob of mass 10 grams, and length of
the pendulum is 100 cm. How much work is done in moving the
pendulum from vertical position to horizontal position ?
Ans. 0-098 joule.
W mg. L 10 x q
000x9.8 l = 0-098 joule.

.In the above question, calculate the K. E. of the bob at the lowest
point, if the bob is allowed to swing from the horizontal position.
Also calculate the velocity of the bob at the lowest point.
Ans. 0-098 joule; 4-42 m/sec.
7. A box of 20 kg moves on a smooth horizontal surface with constant
.
velocity. If the box has moved distance of 4 metre then calculate the
work done by the box. 43
Ans. Zero.
 86 Numcricals in Physics

in raising a stone of
mass 10 kg through a
8. Calculate the work done
vertical hcight of 5 metre.
Ans. 490 joule.
W=mgd = 10x9-8 x 5 =490 joule.

Calculate the work done in raising a brick of mass S kg through a

9.
height of l metre.
Ans. 49 joule.
through a
10. body
A mass 15 kg is to be moved on an inclined plane
of

distance of 9 metre from the

mgsine bottom. If the angle of inclination

mg is 30, then calculate 'the work

done.

Ans. 661-5 joule.

W mgh =mg sin9 xL
= 15 x 98 xx 9 = 661-5
11. A man can do work at the average rate of 10 watt. How many bricks
he can cary per hour from bottom to the roof of a house of height 10
metre ? [mass ofeach brick= 3kg and g = 1Om/sec-]
Ans. 120.
Ifn= number of bricks to be caried per hour,
then,
P-W._mgh Xn or, 10
= 3x 10 x 10 xn
60 x 60
. n =
60 x60 x 10-120.
3x 100
12. 100N at an angle of 60 from
A horse pulls a trolly with a force
horizontal. How much work is done by ihe horse in one minute if he
moves with speed of 18 km/h?
Ans. 15x 10 joule
W= FS cos6 = F vt cos6
100x 18x 1000 x 60x
=
60x 60 15x 10 joule.
13. In the above question, what is the power out-put of the horse.
Ans. 250 watt.
15x
P 601=
250 watt.
 Work, Energy and Power
87
a trailor on a level road at constant
A jecepcarries speed of 10 m/sec.
14. slate the power exerted on the
Calo trailor if the tension in
the coupling
is 2000 N.
Ans. 2 x 10* watt.
above question, calculate the
15. fo thelc a road which is inclined tension in the coupling, if the jeep
at 30 from horizontal. [neglect
friction; mass of trolly is 1000 kg.]
Ans. 6900 newton.
Tf the momentum or a body increases by 40% then what would be the
96 increase in its K. E ?

Ans. 965%

-C-(-196 E =
196E
Increase in K. E. = E2- E = 0-6 E

% increase in the K. E. ="

0.96Eix 100 =96%.
E
17, If K. E. of a particle increases by 125%, then what is the To increase in
its momentum ?
Ans. 50%.
18. If the velocity of a body is increased 4% then what is the approximate
So change in its K. E. ?

Ans. 8%.
19. A body of mass 4 kg is moving in a circle of radius 10 cm with a
constant speed of 20 cm/sec. Calculate the work done in moving the
body over half the circumference of the circle.
Ans. Zero.
20. A force of 5 N displaces a box on a horizontal surface through a
distance of 10 m. Calculate the angle which the force makes with the
direction of motion of the body if work done is 25 joule.
Ans. 60 [W FS cose]
4. A metal wire of length 10 cm. is extended by 0-01 m, when it is
stretched by a force of 100 N. Calculate the mechanical energy stored
in the wire.

Ans. 0-5 joule.

22. A couple of 200 2 revolutions per second

moment dyne cn produces
n a body. Calculate thhe work done during two revolutions
Ans. 8 x 10-5 joule.
88 Numericals in Physics

23. A belt is moving horizontally with a velocity of 5 m/sec, if the sand

drops are falling vertically upon it at the rate of 4 kg/sec, then
calculate the extra force required to keep the belt moving.

Ans. 20 N.
24. In the above question, calculate the extra power required to maintain
the belt moving.
Ans. 100 watt.
25. A force acting on a body of mass 2.kg moves it, such that its position
y as a function oftime is given by the relation y =where y is in
metre and is in sec. Calculate the work done by the force în first two
second.

Ans. 16 joule.
26. A balloon tends to rise in air. Where it will have more potential
energy; on the ground or at certain height above the ground ?
Ans. On the ground.
27. io springs having spring constant 9 N/m and 16 Nm are stretched
by forces F; and F till they have same potential energy. Then what
will be the ratio of the forces, Fj ánd
F2.?.1
Ans. 3:4.
28. The spring of a toy gun is cbmpresséd by 0-01 mby a ball of mass
x 10** kg. With what velocity the ball will be released vhen she
trigger is pulled. Spring constant = 800 N/m.

Ans. 4 m/sec. [Hint m

29. A uniform chain of mass M and length L is kept on a smooth table

ocooeooeo with one eight of its length

hanging over the edge. Calculate
the work done in pulling the
hanging part of the chain back
to table.

Hint W (x-
 Work, Energy and Power 89

chain of mass m and length i hangs over a smooth table

.
orn chai
unitorin
30. A its iwo third part lying on the.table. Calculate the kinetic encrgy
with the table.
chain as it 'completely slips off
of the
Ans. mRl..
block of
mass m is
11. A unstretched
attached to two
constant
springs of spring
K and K2
as shown in the
block is K K2
figure. The
displaced through a NTm7777TTYT77TTNTT77NTI
distancex towards right
and is then
released.
Calculate the speed of the
block as it passes through
the mean position.

Ans. Ktx. m

32. In the given figure the spring is

initially unstretched when
system is released from rest.
Find the, maximum elongation
of the spring assuming the
pulley to be frictionless.

Ans.
2mg
K

33. If Ur -c +a where. C and a are constants, then calculate

Torce coresponding to this potential energy.

Ans.
(2+
Cr
Hint: P du -cá(adym)
90 Numericals in Physics

*34. A ring of mass m can slide over a smooth vertical rod as sho
shown
in the figure. The ring is connected to a spring of force constan
constant
K = 4mg/R, where 2R
is the
natural length of the
spring. The
3R/2 other end of the spring is
fixed as
shown in the figure.
Ifthe singis
A -2R B released at a height
of1:5 R, then
(a) Calculate the work done by the spring
and (b) using the
energy theorem, find the velocity the work
of ring as it reach the ground.
Ans. (a) mgR/N; (6) 2VgR

t93mois rumixe bn

tess
 12
Conservation o Linear Momentum
Collision and Centre of Mass
Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum
Tathe absence of a
any external 1orce the total momentum of system
This is known as the principle of conservation of linear
remains constant. is
momentum. Hence if

Fext=0, then P =aconstant.

2. Collision: Collision are of two types namely elastic and
inelastic collision. In case of perfectly elastic collision the total linear
momentum and K. E. are conserved. Where as
in case of perfectly inclastic
mo
coilision the total linear momentum is conserved but K.E. is not conserved
Alco in case of elastic collision the two bodies after collision moves as a
sevarate bodies, but in case of inelastic collision the two bodies after
collision sticks together and move as a single body.
. In case of collision (elastic or inelastic) the total momentum before
collision is equal to the total momentum after collision, provided no
external force acts in the collision.

Since momentum is a vector quantity, hence if one direction is taken as

-
+ve, then the opposite direction on the same line is taken as -ve.

4. One dimensional elastic collision :

--m
Before collision After colision

Total Momentum before collision = Total Monientum after collision.

m4 + m2!42= m1V1 + m2V2

and since, total K.E. is also constant, therefore

im,u2+mu? =zm,vi2+my
3olving the above equation it can be shown that
..(1)
 92 Numericals in Physics
In other words the relative velority of approach is equal to the relative
velocity of separation after collision.
Also, it can be established that

mm2 u+ 2rm2
(2)
m+m2 +m2)
(m2
P
and, V2
+ m2) u*m+ma iei
() If mi = m2; and if u2 = 0, then
V=0 and v2 = u
the second body begins to move with the velocity of the first body,
and
the first body comes to rest.
(i) Also, if m = m2, and uz * 0, then
2 and v2 =u
and in such cases the bodies only exchange their velocities.

5. Two-dimensional elastic collision

mv Siner

Befbre collision
2 N i2V Cos2
m2
maV Sine2
After colli'sion
Momentum along X-axis is conserved, hence
m4 +n242 = mVi cose, +m2V2 cos82
and also momentuin along Y-axis is conserved,
hence
0+0 mVj sinß -m2V2 sin8,
Also K.E. is conserved, hence
m,u2 mug?= m,v2+im>v?
-
Solving the above equations we can obtain
vj and v2, if other quantities
are known.
Special Case If m = m2, u2 =0 o,
and fe =02=8, then
V V2

1'2 2 cose
 cervation of Linear Momentum Collision and Centre of Mass 93
Conser

6.
Inelastic collision
Total momentum
is conserved, hence

4- Before collision
m2 ,.
Aftercollision
(7m + m2)v
mu + m242
mu tmu2
(m tm2)
1f, u = 0, then
ml
V(m+ m2)
the K.E. before and after collision, and if u2 = 0, then it
If E and E, be
can be shown
that
E m
E (m + m2)
E<E, hence there is loss of K. E. after collision in case of
inelastic collision.
of restitution (e)
7. Coefficient
V2-V
e
- u2
velocity
Thus, coefficient of restitution is defined as the ratio of relative
of separation to the relative velocity of approach of the two bodies.
For perfectly elastic collision, e =l|
For perfectly inelastic collision, e =0
or all other collision values of e lie between 0 and 1.
8. If a sunall sphere is dropped on smooth top surface, then
we can show that

V1
e =2
4- 42
where H and h are the height of fall and rebound respectivly.
For perfectly elastic collision, e = 1 and h = I1, but for completely
inelastic collision, that is, if e = 0, then h = 0.
9. Force on a gun :
F = m1
wherc, mass of the bullet,
n = Number of bullets shot per unit tiine,
gun.
Velocity of the hullet relative to the
 94 Numericals in Physics

10. Force on a rocket M

: IfT d

is the rate at which a rocket, expels

T
the exhaust with a velocity V relative to the rocket, then force on the rocket
is given by

F vM
dT
11. Centre of mass : The point at which the whole mass of the
body may be supposed to be concentrated is called the Centre of mass.
If a body of an orbitrary shape in xy plane consists of a number of
particles of masses m, m2, m3...having coordinates (1, y1), (a2, y2),

then the coordinates (r.y) ofthe centre of mass is given by

mX+m2X2 +m3X3 t. Emn

m+m2 +m3 t.... Zmn

11* 72)'2 + m3!'3 +..

and
m+m2 + n3 .. mn
If we consider the body to have continuous distribution of matter, the
ummation in the formula of centre of mass is replaced by integration.
Ience, we do not talk of nth particle, rather we talk of a small elemen of
he body having a mass dm. If ta. y. z) are the coordinates of this
smal
ass dm, ther

xdm, Y-dm. Z zdm.

EXAMPLES
1. A bullet of mass 20 gram is fired from a gun of mass 6kg, if the speed
of the builet is 600 m/sec. then calculate the speed of the recoil of the
gun.
Ans. 2 m/sec.
As the momentum of the bullet and the gun
must be equal and
opposite, therefore.

MV = my of, 6V-20
1000 600
V 2 m/sec.

2. A bullet of mass 10 gram is fired from a

rifle with a speed of 3600
km/h, calculate the specd of the recoil of the rifle,
if its mass is 5 kg.
Ans. 2 m/sec.
 Momentum Collision and Centre of Mass 95
rwation of Linear
Conservatio

footballer
aller kicks a ball of mass 0-5 kg. while standing on a surface
1. A neglig ble frictior: if the ball
A moves with a velocity 20 m/sec, then
3.
of
o
the velocity which the footballer will acquire, its weight is
calculate
50 kg.
m/sec.
Ans. 0-2
fire bullets of 50 grams at a speed of 2000 m/sec;
machine gun can
she man ho holding the gun can exert an average force of 200 newtons
the
a0ainst the
against gun. Calculate the maximum number of bullets which he
the gun.
can fire per minute.
Ans. 120.
= mnu
We have, Force
u = speed of bullet.
where m= mass of bullet,
n = No. of bullets per unit time.

F mnu or, 200= 1000

1000 x 2000 x n
Hence number of bullets fired per
minute = 60 x2 = 120.

5. A Dachine gun can fire 20 bullets per sec, if the speed of the bullet is
100 m/sec.; and if each bullet is of wt. 100 grams, then calculate the
force required to hold the gun in its position.
Ans. 200 N.
6. A machine gun is fitted on a troly of mass 2000 kg. on a horizontal
frictionless surface. If the gun fires bullets each of mass 10 grams with
a velocity of 500 m/sec. with respect to the trolly, and if the number
of bullets fired per sec. is 10, then calculate the average thrust exerted
by the ejected bullet on the system.

Ans. 50 newton.
1. In the above question, calculate the acceleration of the trolly.
Ans. 0-025 m/sec?.
8. A force of 20 newton is
applied on a body which is initially at rest.
Calculate its momentum after 1:5
seconds.
Ans. 30 kg m/sec.
A plate of mass 100 gram is kept floating horizontally in air by
Dullets which are
fired with the same velocity at the rate of 10 bullet$
Pr Second. If the mass of each bullet is 5 gram, and if the bullets
CDOunds in opposite
direction vith same speed then calculate the
velocity of each
bullet at the ti ie fimpaC.
Ans.
98 m/sec.
96 Numericals in Physics
firing. If the speed of exhaust is
10. A 8000 kg rocket is set for vertical
ejected per second in order to
980 m/sec.; then how much gas may be
overcome the weight of he
supply the thrust which is needed to
rocket.
Ans. 80 kg/sec.
If u=exhaust speed
and m=mass of the gas escaping per unit time.
Then, Force = mu, Therefore mu = Mg
Mg 8000 x9:8_
Or, m= 80 kg/sec.
980
11. A rocket of mass 4000 kg is set for vertical
firing. Calculate how much
gas must be ejected per second in order to supply the
thrust which is
needed to overcome the wL ol Lne rocket. Speed of exhaust is 980 m/sec
Ans. 40 kg/sec.
12. In the above question, calculate how much gas must be ejcted per
second so that the rocket may have an initial upward acceleration of
value 19-6 m/sec2.
Ans. 120 kg/sec. Here in this case,
mu = M(g +f)

m
M(g+)4000X Z94- 120 kg/sec.
980
13. A man of mass 50 kg. is standing on a platform of mass 100 kg.
Esrwhich is kept on a smooth ice surface. Ifthe man starts moving on the
platform with a speed 15 m/sec relative to the platform, then calculate
with what velocity relative to the ice the platform will recoil?
Ans. 5 m/sec.
Let us suppose that the platform recoils with speed V towards right,
when the man moves with speed W towards left, both velocity is taken
relative to icé,
If V, is the speed of the man relative to the platform, then
V+W=V1.. W= -V
Since, initially both man and platform are at rest, therefore
MV = mW dollud
where, M = mass of platform. and m = mass
of the man.
or, MV=m(V1 - V)

mV 50 x+15 m/sec.
M+m(100 50)
 ervation of Linear Momentum Collision and Centre of Mass 97
Conservation
M and
halls M and N each of mass 100 gm are moving in the same
Two balls
14. direction with velocit:
ities 60 m/sec and 40 m/sec respectively. They
dde
collide and after
collision they begin to move in the same direction.
Calculate their velocities after collision, assuming the collision to be
perfectly elastic.
Ans. 40
m/sec, 60 m/sec.
08
v (m1- m2
m+m2
m2 L 2m
+m, 41
and V Lm
will be their velocities after collision if the
n the above question what
second ball (ball N) is
stationary.
Ans. zero, 60 m/sec.
In this case u2 = 0
hence, Vi 0, and V2 = u| = 60 m/sec.
=

10 kg is moving with velocity 10 m/sec. It strikes

16. A ball of mass
another ball of mass 5 kg which is moving in the same direction with
velocity 4 m/sec. Calculate their velocities after collision.
Ans. 6 m/sec, 12 m/sec.
17. In the above question calculate the coefficient of restitution. Is the
collision elastic ?
Ans. 1; yes.
18. Two balls M and N, each of mass 10 kg are approaching each other
with velocity 40 m/sec and 20 m/sec. respectively. Calculate the
velocity after collision, assuming the collsion to be perfectly elastic.
Ans. -20 m/sec, and 40 m/sec.
Here the initial direction of ball M is taken as +ve
Since collision is perfectly elastic, i.e., e = 1,
hence, V2-Vi = 4j -uz =40-(-20) = 60 .(1)
Also, momentum before and after collision is conserved, hence
10 x 40 10 x 20 = 10V1 + 1OV2 o
Vi+V2 = 20 ..(2)
V40 m/sec and V =-20 m/sec.
Two balls M and N of masses 10 kg and'20 kg respectively are
approaching each other with equal speeds of 30 m/sec. Calculate their
OCIties after collision, assuming the collision to be perfectly elastic.
Ans. 50 m/sec, 10 m/sec.
98 Numericals in Physics

Since the collision is perfectly elastic, therefore,

e= 1. Also taking the
t

initial direction of M to be +ve.

V2-V = u - u2 = 30-(-30) = 60

from conservation of momentum,

= 10V1+ 20V2
10x 30-20 x 30 10V + 20V2 or,
- 300
or, V+2V2 =-30
30, or, Vz= 10 m/sec,and V, =-50 m/sec.
3V2
other with same
20. Two balls each of mass 10 kg are approaching each
speed of 20 m/sec. Calculate their velocities after collision assuming
the collision to be perfectly elastic.
Ans.-20 m/sec and 20 m/sec.
21. A ball of mass m is moving with a speed of 20 m/sec. It strikes an
an
identical ball which is at rest. After collision each ball moves making
an angle of 45 with the original line of motion. Caleulate their velo-
cities after collision.
Ans. 10 2 m/sec for each ball.

Momentum along Y-axis before

7V sin e
collision =0

m 0-45 mVCos Momentum along Y-axis after

241 9-45 mV2 Cos9 collision

= mvisin4S - mv2sin45
m Sine
Since, momentum along Y-axis
before& aftercollision is conserved, hence
mvsin45-mv2sin45 =0

Again, momentum along X-axis before and after collision shall remain
consserved,hence
mu +mu =muj cos 45 + mv, cos 45

muj +0 2mvjcos45
2mcos0
mu
2cose

V2 2cos6220--
x 10v2 m/sec.
t
 Conservation of Linear Moinentum Collision
and Centre of Mass
99
1 Aball of masS m is mOvIng with a speed of 15 m/sec, It strikes
22. ball which is stationary.
dentical
ide After collision each
an angle of 30 with the original ball moves in a
ection making
direction of motion.
Calculate their velocities after collision.

Ans. 53 m/sec for each ball

vV2 2 cose 5V3 m/sec.

2

question if the two balls move at án angle of 60°

23. In the above
a
from
the original direction of motion, then what will be their velocities after
collision ?
Ans. 15 m/sec for each ball.
24, A ball of mass m is moving with a velocity of 10 m/sec. It strikes
an identical ball which is stationary. After collision one.ball moves
with a speed of 5 m/sec at an angle of 60 from the original direction
of motion, calculate the velocity of other ball.
Ans. 5V3 m/sec at an angle tan- (V3/3), from the original direction
of motion.
25. A body at rest break up into three parts. If two parts having equal
masses fly off perpendicularly to each other with a velocity of 12
m/sec, then calculate the velocity of the third part which has a mass 3
times the mass of each part.
Ans. 6 2 m/sec at an
angle 135" from the mV m2
either bal1.
3 mv = mvj V2

V 23 m
N2 x 18
3
3m
62 m/sec.
Note: If a body at rest breaks up and if its two equal parts fly off
perpendicularly to each other, then velocity of third part,

n
Vvelocity of equal part
nNo. of times the third pat is greater than the equal parts
100 Numericals in Physics

body at rest breaks up into three cqual parts. If its two pieces fly off
26. A
velocity 10 m/sec. then calculate the
perpendicular to cach other with
immediately after explosion.
velocity of the third part
10N2 m/sec at an angle of 135. from either ball. We have
Ans.
v=N2v1/n, here n = 1.
into three equal parts. Two parts after
27. A body at rest breaks up
respectively with velocity 8
explosion fly off due north and west
the third part.
m/sec; then calculate the velocity of
Ans. 812 m/sec south-cast.
is at rest explodes into three pieces. If its
28. A particle of mass 4m which v in mutuallv
pieces each of mass m fly off with equal speed
two
total energy released in the
perpndicular directions, then calculate the
process of explosion.

Ans.mv
with a velocity of 10 m/sec towards east
29. A body which is moving them move in the north and
breaks up into three equal parts. If iwo of
respectively with a velocity
south direction (i. e. moves up and down)
third part.
of 10 m/sec, then calculate the velocity of
Ans. 30 m/sec, towards east.
Momentum along X-axis before
and after explosion is conserved.
Mv= 0 +0+ mv2 cose
Mv mv2 cose .1)
>MV
Momentum along Y-axis before
and after explosion is conserved.
vmV mvj-mv + mv2 sin6 = 0
mvmv2 sin6 = or, 0=0°
from ()
Mv 3m =30 m/sec.
v2m m1
30. A body of mass 100 kg moving with a velocity of 50 m/sec strikes
another body of mass 200 ky vhich is at rest. If the two bodies after
collision stick togethcr, then calculate the velocity of the composile
body.
Ans. 16-6 m/scc.
Moimentum before collision ="l + m2 X0 = mu
Momentun after collision =- tm +m;) V
37hd 20 n
 Collision-and Centre of Mass
Conservation of Linear Momenium
101

the common velocity

where V is
(m
V(m
+m2) V=mju|

+ m2)
100X
300
- 16-6 m/sec.

body mass 15 kg moving with a vlocity 100 m/sec strikes

31. A r body of mass 5 k which is moving with a velocity of 12
another body
stick together. Calculate the final velocity
m/sec.After collision they
body.
of the
Ans. 78
m/sec. Here, mt
+ma42 = (nm + ma)v.
10 kg and 5 kg are moving with velocities 15
Two
.n halls of mass
balls
32. due east and west respectively. They collide and
m/sec and 10m/sec velocity of the bodies.
together after collision. Calculate the final
stick
Ans. 6-66
m/sec towards east.
velocity towards east to be +ve, we have
Considering the direction of
- nlll2 = (m]
+ ma)v
m
mu-m22 10x 15 - 5 x 10
m+m12 10+ 5

/
150-50- 15
33. Two balls of masses 20 kg and
= 6-66 m/sec.

10 kg are approching each other with

velocity 5 m/sec and 10 m/sec respectively. They collide and after
collision stick together. Calculate the velocity of the bodies.
Ans. zero.
34. A body of mass 100 kg moving with a velocity of 10 m/sec. strikes
an identical body at rest. After collision they stick together. Calculate
the final velocity.
Ans. 5 m/sec.
35. In the above question calculate the loss in K. E.
Ans. 2500joule.
K. E. before collision, + mau
E=mu
K.E. after collision, + ma)v-
E=(m
Loss in K. E. = E, -Ez
6. A ball
of mass 10 kg moving with a velocity of 20 m/sec strikes an
Tdentical ball at rest. They collide and after collision they stick
together. Calculate the velocity
of the body.
Ans. 10 m/sec.
37. In the above
question calculate the oss in K. E.
Ans. 1000
joule.
 102 Numericals in Phystcs
towards east with velocity V. Ano nother
38. A body of mass m is moving same velocit.
towards North with
body of same mass is moving Calculas V
They collidetogether/and after collision stick together. atethe
velocity of the compound body.
V the direction North-East.
Ans. in
identical balls collide obliquely, and they et k
39. In the given figure two
together after collision. Find their

V velocity after collision. Take

mA = mg. VA = VB = 45 m/sec

4VA
45
mA Ans. 41.58 m/sec.
40. A goods train is moving with uniform velocity of 20 m/sec. There is
an open carriage in which rain drops add water with zero velocity at the
rate of 5 kg/sec. Calculate the additional force applied by the engine to
maintain the same velocity of the train.
Ans. 100 newton.
41. A ball of mass 'm falls from a height of 16 metres on a smooth
horizontal floor. The ball bounces to a height of 9 metres. Calculate
the coefficient of restitution.
Ans. 0-75.

42. A long simple pendulum has a bob of mass 450 gm. A bullet of mass
50 gram is fired from below into the bob. As a result of this boo
along with the bullet rises through a distance of 4.9 metre. Calculate
the velocity of the bullet.
Ans. 98 m/sec.
43. Is total energy conserved in case ofinelastic collision ? Whether K. E.
is conserved in such a collision.
Ans. Yes; No.
14. A body of mass mj moving with certain velocity strikes a body or
mass m2 at rest. Assuming the collision to be elastic, calculate the
fraction ofK. E. transmitted by the first body to the second body.
4mym,
Ans.
(7 +m2)?
 Conservation of Linear Momentuni Collision and Centre of Mass 10

15. A
body, at
momentum of two parts
are 2P i and P ,
rest explodes into three parts each having same mass. If the
then calculate the
momentum of third part.
V5P at an angle 6 = tan (2) in third quadrant,
Ans.
particle of mass m travelling with speed Vo along the x-axis
46. A
suddenly shoots out
one third of its mass with a speed 2Vo parallel to
Find the velocity of the remainder of the particle in the
the y-axis.
notation of unit vector.
- Vos
Ans. 1-5 Vo i
particles A, B and c or equal mass
move with equal speedv
Three
along the medians of an equilateral triangle.
They collide at thee
entroid of the triangle. If after collision, A comes to rest; B retraces
its path with the
speed v, then calculate the velocity of C.
Ans. v in a direction
opposite to B.
A system consisting of two masses connceted by a massless rod lies
48. mass is at x = 2m while a 0-6 kg mass is
along the x-axis. A 0.4 kg
atr = 7m. Calculate the x
coordinate of the centre of mass.
Ans. 5 metre.
m1X +nm2¥2(0.4 X 2)+(0.6 X 12= Sm
XCM m +m2 (0-4 +0-6)
49. In the given figure 9m
find the centre of
mass of systemn. X=0 X:2
Ans. 1-62I
50. Find the centre of mass of the
system shown in the given

figure.

Ans. 1.33L, 0.167L. m m 3m

L
S1. A uniform solid sphere of radius RR

has a spherical hole of radius a in

b
it. Find the position of its centre
of mass. -->C

Ans-ab IR3 -a3

104 Numericals in Physics

52. A straight rod of length L has one of its ends at the origin and th
other at x = L. If the mass per unit length of rod is Ar where AA is
a
constant, then find its centre of mass.
Ans. 2L/3.
53. Four particles of mass 1
kg. 2 kg, 3 kg and 4 kg are at the vertices
of

a rectangle of sides a and b.

3kg If
+Kg
=
a Im, b 2m, find the position

of the centre of mass.

tkg 2kg

Ans. 0-5m, 1.4m

54. Four particles of mass m, 2m, 3m and 4m are placed at the corner A,
B,C and D respectively of a square ABCD of side a. Find the centre of
mass.
Ans. a/2, 7al 10.
55. Three particles ofmasses m= 1 kg, m2 = 2kg, m^ = 3kg, are placed at
the corners A, B and C respectively of an equilateral triangle ABC. If
the side ofthe triangle is 1-0 metre, then find the centre of mass of the
system.
Ans. 3-5/6,
56. Two identical uniform rods AB and CD, each of length L metre are
joined to form a T-shaped frame.
Find the centre of mass of the
A B frame. The centre of mass of the
uniform rods are at their middle
point.
Ans. At a distance L/4 from
C on the rod CD.
57. A circular plate of uniform thickness has a diameter of 56 em. A
circular portion of diameter 42 cm is removed from one edge of the
plate. Find the centre of mass of the remaining portion.
Ans. 9 cm from the centre of the plate.