Mata Kuliah

Bioteknologi Pertanian (2-0)

Part 2
Agricultural biotechnology:
current status & future
prospects
Oleh:
Satriyo Restu Adhi, S.P., M.P.
Dra. Ida Adviany., MP
Program Studi Agroteknologi
Fakultas Pertanian Uninus
Tahun 2020

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Google classroom
Kode kelas: ior6cgy

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 Source: Google Image

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 History of biotechnology
• Biotechnology arose from the field of zymotechnology (is the old term for
the study of the processes of fermentation in yeast and bacteria in the
production of foods and beverages such as bread, cheese, tofu, beer, etc.),
which began as a search for a better understanding of industrial
fermentation.
• In the 19th century, with the rise of big industries, particularly in Britain and
German, techno-scientists began to isolate the micro-organisms involved and
to study them. In the early part of the 20th century, techno-scientists began
to see zymotechnolgy as included in the applied sciences, analogously to
chemistry. They established institutions for collecting microorganisms. The
concept of zymotechnolgy was broadened to a general concept of biological
chemistry, involving the use of biological molecules such as amino-acids,
proteins and enzymes in industrial production.
• The word ‘biotechnology’ was coined by Karl Ereky (1878–1952), in Hungary
in 1919, to describe general processes of converting raw materials into useful
products, such as industrial farms.
Source: Ghasemi et al. (2015).

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 Summary of the main
events in the development
of biotechnology (Estrada et al., 2017)

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 Discovery of bacteria by Antony van Leeuwenhoek DNA Structures & Polymerase Chains Reaction (PCR)

Program Revolusi Hijau by Rockafeller Foundation Golden Rice

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 Then, the definition of
Biotechnology is...
• Biotechnology is defined as a set of tools that uses living
organisms (or parts of organisms) to make or modify a
product, improve plants, trees or animals, or develop
microorganisms for specific uses.
• Biotechnology is the application of scientific techniques to modify
and improve plants, animals, and microorganism to enhance their
value (Wieczorek, 2003).
• Agricultural biotechnology represent a broad range of
technologies used in food and agriculture for the genetic
improvement of plant varieties and animal populations,
characterisation and conservation of genetic resources, diagnosis
of plant or animal diseases and other purposes (Kumar & Poulose, 2015).

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 The benefits of agricultural biotechnology

Increased crop Enhanced crop Improvement food

productivity protection processing

Improved Weed
Better flavour
nutritional value management

The organic
Efficient fertilizers
alternative

Source:
Wieczorek, 2003
Conko, 2003

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 The risks of agricultural biotechnology

Impacts on nontarget
Allergens & toxins Antibiotic resistance
species

Pesticide resistance Loss of biodiversity

Source:
Wieczorek, 2003
Conko, 2003

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 Source: Sutawi, 2001

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 Bagaimana perkembangan
bioteknologi pertanian saat ini?

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 Current conditions

Source:
Thatcher et al., 2017

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 Current conditions

World climate change

Source:
climate.nasa.gov

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 Current conditions

Pest (locusts) outbreak in Africa

Source:
geoawesomeness.com

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 Trends & future prospect

Increase the productivity of crops, primarily by reducing

the costs of production by decreasing the needs for
inputs of pesticides, give better rotations to conserve
natural resources, improved the agricultural production,
by developing varieties having resistance against biotic
and abiotic stresses. Production of diseases free plants
with improved nutritional value has proven the role of
biotechnology.

Source: Kumar & Poulose (2016).

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 Trends & future prospect

Plant
Bio Bio
genetic
fertilizers pesticides
engineering

Source: Kumar & Poulose (2016).

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 Tugas Individu

1. Cari dan jelaskan secara singkat contoh-contoh tren

terbaru dari aplikasi bioteknologi dalam bidang
pertanian.
2. Cari dan jelaskan secara singkat hasil studi literatur
peran satu jenis mikroorganisme tanah yang berperan
meningkatkan hasil tanaman. Jenis mikrobanya apa? Aplikasinya
pada kondisi bagaimana? Mekanisme kerja mikroba terhadap peningkatan hasil
tanaman bagaimana?

Catatan:
 Sertakan sumber dan referensi (jurnal) Bahasa Indonesia/
Bahasa Inggris 5 tahun terakhir (khusus untuk soal nomor 2)
 Sumber/referensi diunggah pada Google Classroom
 Pengumpulan via Google classroom (terlampir)

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