Long Answer Type Questions – I

Q. 1. 𝐈𝐟 𝑨 = {𝟏, 𝟑, 𝟓, 𝟕, 𝟗, 𝟏𝟏, 𝟏𝟑, 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟕}

B = {𝟐, 𝟒, 𝟔, 𝟖, 𝟏𝟎, 𝟏𝟐, 𝟏𝟒, 𝟏𝟔, 𝟏𝟖)

𝑼 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, … . . }
And U is universal set then find A' ∪ [(A∪B) ∩ B] [DDE-2017]
Sol. Given, A = {1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17}

𝑖. 𝑒. A = {𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 is an odd number; 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 18} 1⁄2

And B = {2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18}

𝑖. 𝑒. B = {𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 is an even number; 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 18} 1⁄2

Now, A’ = {𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 is an even number; 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 18}

= {2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18} 1⁄
2
=B
And B' {𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 is an odd number; 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 18}

= {1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17} = A 1⁄
2
(A∪B) = {1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17} ∪ {2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18} = {1, 2, 3, 4,….18}
(A∪B) ∩ B’ = {1, 2, 3, 4,….18} ∩ {1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17} = (1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17)
A’ ∪ {(A∪B)} ∩ B’} = {2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18} ∪ {1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17} = {1, 2, 3,
….18}
Q. 2. Let A = {1,2,4,5}, B = {2,3,5,6}, C = {4,5,6,7} verify the following identity
A ∪ (B∩C) = [(A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C)] [DDE 2017]
Sol. L.H.S = A ∪ (B ∪ C)
= {1,2,3,4,5} ∪ [{2,3,5,6} ∩ {4,5,6,7}]
= {1,2,4,5} ∪ {5,6}
= {1,2,4,5,6}
R.H.S = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C)
= [{1,2,4,5} ∪ {2,3,5,6}] ∩ [{1,2,4,5} ∪ {4,5,6,7}]
= {1,2,3,4,5,6} ∩ ){1,2,4,5,6,7}
= {1,2,4,5,6}
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S Hence verified.
Q. 3. If U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,24}

A = {𝒙 ∶ 𝒙 is prime number and 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏𝟎}

B = {𝒙 ∶ 𝒙 is a factor of 𝟐𝟒}
Verify the following result
(i) A – B = A ∩ B’
(ii) (A ∪ B)’ = A’ ∩ B’
(iii) (A ∩ B)’ = A’ ∩ B’ [DDE 2017]
Sol. Given, 𝑈 = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,24}

A = {2,3,5,7} 1⁄
2
B = {1,2,3,4,5,6,8,12,24} 1⁄
2
Now, A’ = {1,4,6,8,9,10,12,24}
B’ = {5,7,9,10}
A ∪ B = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,12,24}
(A ∪ B)’ = {9,10}
A ∩ B = {2,3}
(A ∪ B)’ = {1,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,24}
(i) A – B = A ∩ B’
L.H.S = A – B = {2,3,5,7} – {1,2,3,4,6,8,12,24}
= {5,7}
R.H.S = A ∩ B’ = {2,3,5,7} ∩ {5,7,9,10}
= {5,7}
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S, Hence verified.
(ii) (A ∪ B)’ = A ∩ B’
L.H.S = (A ∪ B)’
= {9,10}
R.H.S = A’∩ B’
= {1,4,6,8,9,10,12,24} ∩ {5,7,9,10}
= {9,10}
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S, Hence verified.
(iii) (A ∩ B)’ = A’ ∩ B’
L.H.S = (A ∩ B)’
= {1,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,24}
R.H.S = A’ ∩ B’
= {1,4,6,8,9,10,12,24} ∩ {5,7,9,10}
= {1,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,34}
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S, Hence verified.
Q. 4. Find sets A,B and C such that A ∩ B, B ∩ C and A ∩ C are non-empty sets
and A ∩ B ∩ C = ∅.
Sol. Let take three sets A = {1, 2), B = {2, 3} and C = {3, 1}: A ∩ B, B ∩ C and A ∩ C
should be non-empty sets. A ∩ B = {2}, B ∩ C = {3} and A ∩ C = {1}
Therefore, A ∩ B, B ∩ C and A ∩ C are non- empty. Intersection of all three sets is null
set, A ∩ B ∩ C = ∅.
Q. 5. For any sets A and B show that

(i) (A ∩ B) ∪ (A – B) = A
(ii) A ∪ (B - A) = A ∪ B

Sol (i) (A ∩ B) ∪ (A – B) = A

L.H.S =) (A ∩ B) ∪ (A – B)

= (A ∩ B) ∪ (A – B’) [∴ (A – B) = (A – B’]

= A ∩ (B ∪ B’) [By distributive law]

= A ∩ (U) [(B υ B') = U =Universal set]

=A

= R.H.S

(ii) A ∪ (B - A) = A ∪ B
L.H.S = A ∪ (B - A)

= A ∪ (B – A’) [∴ (B - A) = (B ∩ A’]

= (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ A’) [By distributive law]

= (A ∪ B) ∩ U

= A∪B [∴ A υ A' = U =Universal set]

= R.H.S

Q. 6. On the Real number line, If A [0, 3] and B [2, 6], then find the following
[DDE 2017]

(i) A’
(ii) A ∪ B
(iii) A ∩ B
(iv) A – B
Sol. Given, A = [0,3] and B = [2,6]
(i) A = (- ∞, 0) ∪ (3, ∞)
(ii) A ∪ B = [0,3] ∪ [2,6]
= [0,6]
(iii) A ∩ B = [0,3] ∩ [2,6]
= [2,3]
(iv) A – B = [0,3] − [2,6]
= (0,2)

Q. 7. For all set A, B and C, (A ∩ B) ∪ C = A ∩ (B ∩ C) is true? 7 Justify your

answer [DDE
2017]

Sol. For all set A, B and C,

(A ∩ B) ∪ C = A ∩ (B ∩ C) is not true For example

Let A = {1, 2}, B = {2,3} and C = {3, 4}

∴ (A ∩ B) ∪ C = ({1,2}) ∩ ({2,3}) ∪ {3, 4}

= {2,3,4}
and A ∩ (B ∩ C) = {1,2} ∩ ({2,3} ∪ {3, 4})

= {1, 2} ∩ {2,3,4}

= {2}

Hence, (A ∩ B) ∪ C ≠ A ∩ (B ∩ C)

Q. 8. Using properties of sets and their complements prove that:

(i) (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∩ B’) = A

(ii) A - (A ∩ B) = A – B

Sol. (i) (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∩ B’) = A

L.H.S = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∩ B’)

= A ∪ (B ∩ B’) (By distributive law)

=A∪∅ (∴ B ∩ B’ = ∅)

=A

R.H.S. Hence proved

(ii) A - (A ∩ B) = A – B

L.H.S = A - (A ∩ B)

= A ∩ (A ∩ B)’ [∴ A – B = (A ∩ B)’]

= A ∩ (A’ ∪ B)’ (By Demorgan's law)

= (A ∩ A)’ ∪ (A ∩ B) (By distributive law)

= ∅ ∪ A ∩ B’ (∴ A ∩ A’ = ∅)

= A ∩ B’

=A–B

= R.H.S

Q. 9. If A is the set of all divisors of the number 15. B is the set of prime
numbers smaller then 10 and C is the set of even number smaller than 9, then
find the value of (A ∪ C) ∩ B.
[DDE2017]

Sol. A = {set of all divisors of the number 15}

= {1,3,5,15}

B = {set of prime number smaller than 10}

= {12,3,5,7}

C = {set of even number smaller than 9}

= {2,4,6,8}

A ∪ C = {{1,3, 5,15} ∪ {2,4,6,8}

= {1,2,3,4,5,6,8,15} 1⁄
2

(A ∪ C) ∩ B = {1,2,3,4,5,6,8,5} ∩ {2,3,5,7}

= {2,3,5} 1⁄
2

Q. 10. Two finite sets have 𝒎 and 𝒏 elements. The total number of subsets of
first set is 56 more than the total number of subsets of the second set. Find the
value of 𝒎 and 𝒏.

Sol. Let A and B be two sets having 𝑚 and 𝑛 numbers of elements respectively.

Number of subsets of A = 2𝑚 1⁄
2

Number of subsets of B = 2𝑛 1⁄
2

According to questions,

2𝑚 - 2𝑛 = 56 = × 7

2𝑛 (2𝑚−𝑛 = 1) = 23 (23 − 1)

Therefore, 𝑛 = 3 and 𝑚 – 𝑛 = 3 1⁄
2

∴𝑚=6 1⁄
2

Q. 11. If 𝑿 = {𝟒𝒏 − 𝟑𝒏 − 𝟏 ∶ 𝒏 ∈ 𝑵}
 Y = {𝟗 (𝒏 − 𝟏)} ∶ 𝒏 ∈ 𝑵} [DDE-2017]

Sol. Given,

X = {4𝑛 − 3𝑛 − 1 ∶ 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁} and Y = {9 (𝑛 − 1)} ∶ 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁}

4𝑛 − 3𝑛 − 1 = (3 + 1)𝑛 – 3𝑛 – 1

𝑛(𝑛+1)
= 1 + 3𝑛 + (3)2 + ⋯ + −3𝑛 − 1
2!

𝑛(𝑛−1)
=9( + ⋯)
2×1

𝑛−(𝑛−1)
∴ X = {9 ( + ⋯ ) : 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁}
2

𝑛−(𝑛−1)
∴ X ∪ Y = {9 ( + ⋯ ) : 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁} ∪ {9 (𝑛 - 1) : 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁}
2

= {9 (𝑛 - 1) : 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁}

=Y

Q. 12. Two sets A and B are, such that 𝒏(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) = 21, 𝒏(𝑨) = 10, 𝒏(𝑩) = 15, find
𝒏(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) and 𝒏(𝑨 − 𝑩). [DDE-2017]

Sol. Using identity,

𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) - 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵).

21 = 10 + 15 - 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

∴ 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = (10 + 15) – 21

= 25 – 21

=4

∴ 𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵) = ∴ 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′)

= 𝑛(𝐴) - 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

= 10 - 4

=6
Q. 13. Two set A and B are such that 𝒏(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) = 21, 𝒏(𝑨′ ∩ 𝑩′) = 9, 𝒏(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) = 7,
find 𝒏(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩)’. [DDE-2017]

Sol. ∴ 𝑛(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′) = 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)’ = 9

we know that,

𝒖 = 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)’ + 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)

= 9 + 21

= 31

∴ 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)’ = 𝑢 - 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)

= 30 - 7

= 23

Q. 14. In a Survey of 450 people, it was found that 110 play cricket, 160 play
tennis and 70 play both cricket as well tennis. How many play neither cricket nor
tennis?

Sol. Let C and T denotes the students who play cricket and tennis, respectively.

Given 𝑛(𝑐) = 110, 𝑛(𝑇) = 160, 𝑛(𝐶 ∩ 𝑇) = 70, 𝑛(𝑢) = 450.

Using identity,

𝑛(𝐶 ∪ 𝑇) = 𝑛(𝐶) + 𝑛(𝑇) − 𝑛(𝐶 ∩ 𝑇)

= 110 + 160 – 70

= 200

∴ No, of students play neither cricket nor tennis

𝑛(𝑢) − 𝑛(𝐶 ∩ 𝑇)

= 450 – 200

= 250

Q. 15. In a group of students, 225 students know French, 100 know Spanish and
45 know both. Each student knows either French or Spanish. How many
students are there in the group.
[DDE-2017]
Sol. Let F and S denote the no. of students who know French and Spanish,
respectively.

Given, 𝑛(𝐹) = 225, 𝑛(𝑆) = 100, 𝑛(𝐹 ∩ 𝑆)

= 225 + 100+ - 45

= 325 – 45

= 280

Q. 16. From 50 Students taking examination in Mathematics, Physics and

chemistry, each of the student has passed in at least one of the subject, 37
passes Mathematics, 24 Physics and 43 Chemistry. At most 19 passed
Mathematics and Physics, atmost 29 Mathematics and Chemist and at most 20
Physics and Chemistry. What is the largest possible number that could have
passes in all the three subjects? [DDE-2017]

Sol. Let M, P and C denote the students of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry,
respectively.

Given, 𝑛(𝑀 ∪ 𝑃 ∪ 𝐶) = 50

No. of students passed in Mathematics, 𝑛(𝑀) = 37

No, of students passed in Physics, 𝑛(𝑃) = 24

No. of students passed in Chemistry, 𝑛(𝐶) = 43

No. of students passed in Mathematics and Physics, 𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝑃) = 19

No. of students passed in Mathematics and Chemistry, 𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝐶) = 29

No. of students passed in Physics and chemistry, 𝑛(𝑃 ∩ 𝐶) = 20

Using identity

𝑛(𝑀 ∪ 𝑃 ∪ 𝐶) = 𝑛(𝑀) + 𝑛(𝑃) + 𝑛(𝐶) − 𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝑃) − 𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝐶) − 𝑛(𝑃 ∩ 𝐶) + 𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝑃 ∩ 𝐶)

∴ 𝑛(𝑀 ∪ 𝑃 ∪ 𝐶) = 𝑛(𝑀 ∪ 𝑃 ∪ 𝐶) − 𝑛(𝑀) − 𝑛(𝑃) − 𝑛(𝐶) + 𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝑃) + 𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝐶) +

𝑛(𝑃 ∩ 𝐶)

= 50 – 37 – 24 – 43 +19 + 29 + 20

= 50 – (37 + 24 + 43) + (19 + 29 + 20)

= 50 – 104 + 68
= 50 – 36

= 14

Q. 17. Out of 25 members in a family, 12 like to take tea, 15 like to take coffee
and 7 like to take coffee and tea both. How many like (i) at least one of the two
drinks. (ii) only tea but not coffee, only coffee but not tea. (iv) neithertes nor
cofee.
[KVS
2017, Agra]

Sol. Given that 𝑛(𝑇) = 12

𝑛(𝐶) = 15

𝑛(𝑇 ∩ 𝐶) = 7

(𝑖) 𝑛(𝑇 ∪ 𝐶) = 𝑛(𝑇) + 𝑛(𝐶) − 𝑛(𝑇 ∩ 𝐶)

= 12 + 15 – 7

𝑛(𝑇 ∪ 𝐶) = 20

20 members like at least one of the two drinks.

(ii) Only tea but not coffee

𝑛(𝑇) − 𝑛(𝑇 ∩ 𝐶)

= 12 – 7

=5

(iii) Only coffee but not tea

= 𝑛(𝐶) − 𝑛(𝑇 ∩ 𝐶)
= 15 – 7
=8

(iv) Neither tea nor coffee

= 𝑛(𝑢) − 𝑛(𝑇 ∪ 𝐶)
= 25 – 20
=5
Q. 18. There are 200 individuals with a skin disorder, 120 had been exposed to
the chemical C1, 50 to chemical C2 and 30 to both the chemicals C1 and C2. Find
the number of individuals exposed to (i) chemical C1 but not chemical C2 (ii)
Chemical but not chemical C1 (iii) Chemical C2 or chemical C1. [KVS 2017,
Guwahati]

Sol. Let S denote the universal set consisting of individuals suffering from the skin
disorder, A denote the set of individuals exposed to chemical C 1 and B denote the set
of individuals exposed to chemical C 2.

Now,
𝑛(𝑆) = 200

𝑛(𝐴) = 120

𝑛(𝐵) = 50

And 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 30

(i) Chemical C1 but not chemical C2

Number of individuals exposed to chemical C 1 but not chemical C2 is

= 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′).

𝑛(𝐴) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

= 120 – 30 = 90

(ii) Number of individuals exposed to chemical but not chemical C2 but not chemical C1

= 𝑛(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵).

= 𝑛(𝐵) − 𝑛 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵).

= 50 – 30 = 20

(iii) Number of individuals exposed to chemical C 1 or chemical C2

= 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)

= 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 140

= 120 + 50 – 30