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X1 MATHEMATICS
(Science and Commerce)

Prepared By
Dr. Indukala C.M, NSS HSS Thattayil
P.K.Thomas, MGM HSS Thiruvalla
Jiju Murali,Govt HSS Kadumeenchira
Jayarani.A.G , SNDPHSS Muttathukonam
Swapna R Nair, NSS HSS Adoor
Sreelatha.K ,Govt GHSS Adoor
Sreeja.S,NSS HSS Pandalam
Niju.B.S,NSS HSS Choorakodu
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Chapter-1 - SETS
Standard Notations of Some Sets
N = Set of Natural numbers = { 1, 2, 3, ... }
W = Set of Whole numbers = { 0, 1, 2, 3, ... }
Z = Set of Integers { ... , -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ... }
(1) Write the set A = {x : x is an integer and –3 ≤ x < 7} in roster form:
Ans :- A = {–3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
Subsets
Set A is a subset of a set B A⊂ B every element of A is also an element of B
Number of subsets of a set having n elements = 2n
If A and B are two sets such that A ⊂ B then A ∪ B = B and A∩B=A

(2) Write down all the subsets of the set {a}

Ans :- ϕ , {a}
(3) Write down all the subsets of the set {1, 2}
Ans :- ϕ , { 1 } , { 2 }, { 1, 2 }
(4) Write down all the subsets of the set {1, 2, 3}
Ans :- ϕ , { 1 } , { 2 }, { 3 }, { 1, 2 }, { 1, 3 }, { 2, 3 }, {1, 2, 3}
Intervals
(5) Write the following intervals in set builder form
(–1, 3 ) = { x : x ∈ R, –1 < x < 3 }
[ –1, 3 ] = { x : x ∈ R, –1 ≤ x ≤ 3 }
[ –1, 3 ) = { x : x ∈ R, –1 ≤ x < 3 }
( –1, 3 ] = { x : x ∈ R, –1 < x ≤ 3 }
(6) Write the following as intervals :
(i) {x : x ∈ R, 3<x < 8} (ii) {x : x ∈ R, – 2 < x ≤ –1}
(iii){x : x ∈ R, 2 ≤ x <5 } (iv) {x : x ∈ R, 0≤ x ≤2 }
Ans :- (i) ( 3 , 8) (ii) ( – 2 , –1 ]
(iii) [2,5) (iv) [0,2]
Operations on Sets
1. Union (A ∪ B) of two sets A and B is the set of all elements of A and all elements of B
2. Intersection ( A ∩ B ) of two sets A and B is the set of all elements common to both A and B.
3. Difference ( A – B ) of the sets A and B is the set of elements which belong to A but not in B.
4. Complement of A ( A′) is the set of all elements of U (universal set ) which are not the
elements of A
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➢ ( A′ )′ = A , ϕ' = U and U′ = ϕ
➢ A ∪ A′ = U and A ∩ A′ = ϕ
➢ De Morgan’s law
(A ∪ B)′ = A′ ∩ B′ & (A ∩ B )′ = A′ ∪ B′
(7) Let A = {2,3,4,5} and B = {4,5,6,7}
(a) Write A ∪ B (b) Write A ∩ B
(c) Write A − B (d) Write B − A
Ans:- (a) A ∪ B = {2,3,4,5,6,7} (b) A ∩ B = {4,5}
(c) A − B ={2,3} (d) B − A = {6,7}
(8) For the sets : A = {x : x N , 1 < x ≤ 6 } and B = {x : x W, x ≤ 3 }
(a) Write A ∪ B (b) Write A ∩ B
(c) Write A − B (d) Write B − A
Ans:- A = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6} B = {0, 1, 2, 3 }
(a) A ∪ B = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6}
(b) A ∩ B = {2,3}
(c) A − B ={4, 5, 6}
(d) B − A = {0, 1}
(9) Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, A = {2, 3} and B = {3, 4, 5}.Find A′, B′
Ans :- A′ = {1, 4, 5, 6}, B′ = { 1, 2, 6 }.
(10) If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }, A = {2, 4, 6, 8} and B = { 2, 3, 5, 7}. Verify that
(i) (A ∪ B)′ = A′ ∩ B′ (ii) (A ∩ B)′ = A′ ∪ B′
Ans :- U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }, A = {2, 4, 6, 8}, B = { 2, 3, 5, 7}
A′ = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}, B′ = { 1, 4, 6 ,8 ,9}.
(i) A ∪ B = { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 }
(A ∪ B )′ = { 1, 9 } A′ ∩ B′ = { 1, 9 }
∴ ( A ∪ B )′ = A′ ∩ B′
(ii) A ∩ B = {2}
(A ∩ B)′ = {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }
A′ ∪ B′ = {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }
(A ∩ B)′ = A′ ∪ B′
Problems
1. If U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}, A = {1,3,5,7}, B = {4,3,5,8}.
(a) Verify that (A ∪ B) ′ = A′ ∩ B′
(b) Verify that (A ∩ B) ′ = A′ ∪ B′
2. A = {x : x is a prime number less than 7}
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(a) Write A in roster form

(b) Write down all the subsets of A
3. Let A = {2,3,4,5} and B = {4,5,6,7} Verify that (A - B)∪ (A ∩ B) = A
4. Write the set builder form of (6, 12)
5. Write {x: x ∈ R, 2 < x ≤ 4} as an interval

Chapter – 2 - RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

Ordered Pair
If (a, b) = (x, y) then a = x and b = y
(1) If (x + 1, y – 2) = (3,1), find the values of x and y.
Ans :- x+1=3 , y – 2 = 1.
x=3–1=2 , y = 1 + 2 = 3.
(2) If (3x – 4, 2y + 5) = (2,9), find the values of x and y.
Ans :- 3x – 4 = 2 2y + 5 = 9.
3x = 2+ 4 = 6 , 2y = 9 – 5 = 4
x=2 , y=2
Cross Products
A × B is the set of all ordered pairs in which first element is from A and second element from B
(3) If A = {1,2,3}, B = {3,4}write A × B and B × A.
Ans :- A × B = {(1,3), (1,4), (2,3), (2,4), (3,3), (3,4)}
B × A = {(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (4,1), (4,2), (4,3)}
(4) If G = {7, 8} and H = {5, 4, 2}, find G × H and H × G.
Ans :- G × H = {(7, 5), (7, 4), (7, 2), (8, 5), (8, 4), (8, 2)}
H × G = {(5, 7), (5, 8), (4, 7), (4, 8), (2, 7), (2, 8)}
(5) If A = {–1, 1}, find A × A .
Ans :- A × A = {(– 1, – 1), (– 1, 1), (1, – 1), (1, 1)}
(6) If A = {–1, 1}, find A × A × A.
Ans :- A × A × A = {(–1, –1, –1), (–1, –1, 1), (–1, 1, –1), (–1, 1, 1), (1, –1, –1), (1, –1, 1),
(1, 1, –1), (1, 1, 1)}
Relations :- A relation R from a non-empty set A to a non-empty set B is a subset of A × B.
➢ The set of all first elements of the ordered pairs in R is called the domain R.
➢ The set of all second elements of the ordered pairs in R is called the range of R.
➢ Set B is called the codomain of the relation R.
➢ If n(A ) = p and n(B) = q, then total number of relations from A to B is 2pq
(7) Let A = {1,2,3,4,5,6} . Define a relation R from A to A by R = {(x, y): y = x + 1}
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(a) Depict the relation using an arrow diagram

(b) Write down the domain, codomain and range of R.
Ans :- A = {1,2,3,4,5,6} .
R = {(x, y): y = x + 1}
(a) R = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5), (5,6)}
R

(b) Domain = {1,2,3,4,5}

Range = {2,3,4,5,6}
Codomain = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
(8) R is a relation defined on the set A = {1,2,3, ... . , 14} by R = {(x, y): 3x − y = 0, x, y ∈ A}
Write the domain , codomain and the range.
Ans :- A = {1, 2, 3,...,14}
R = {(x, y) : 3x – y = 0, where x, y ∈ A} x = 1 , y = 3×1 = 3 ∈ A
3x – y = 0 ⇒ y = 3x x = 2 , y = 3×2 = 6 ∈ A
R = {(1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9), (4, 12)} x = 3 , y = 3×3 = 9 ∈ A
Domain of R = {1, 2, 3, 4} x = 4 , y = 3×4 = 12∈ A
Range of R = {3, 6, 9, 12} x = 5 , y = 3×5 = 15∉ A
Co domain of R = {1, 2, ..., 14} and so on.
Functions
A relation f from a set A to a set B is said to be a function if every element of set A has one and
only one image in set B
(9) Let A = {1,2,3,4}, B = {1,5,9,11,15,16} and f = {(1,5), (2,9), (3,1), (4,5), (2,1)}.
State with reason whether f is a function or not.
Ans :- Not a function, because the first element 2 has two different images .
(10) Draw the graph of modulus function f (x ) = |x | .Write its domain and range.

domain = R , range =[ 0, ∞ )
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(11) Draw the graph of signum function .Write its domain and range
Ans :-

domain = R , range = {–1, 0, 1}

(12) Let f(x) = √ x and g(x) = x be two functions defined over the set of non-negative real
numbers. Find

(i) (f + g) (x) (ii) (f – g) (x) (iii) (fg) (x) (iv) ( gf )( x)

Ans :- f(x) = √x , g(x) = x
(i) (f + g) (x) = f (x) + g (x) =
√x + x
(ii) (f – g) (x) = f(x) – g(x) = √ x – x
(iii) (fg) (x) = f(x) g(x) = √ x x
f f (x) x
(iv) (g)
( x) = = √ , x≠0
g ( x) x
Problems
(1) Let a relation R defined by R = {(x, x+5): x ∈ {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}}
(a) Write R in roster form
(b) Find the domain and range of R.
(2) If (3x – 1, y + 2) = (5, 7), find the values of x and y.
(3) If A = {1,2,3}, B = {a, b}write A × B and B × A.
(4) Draw the graph of the function f (x ) = |x| + 1. Write its domain and range
(5) A function f is defined by f(x) = 2x –5. Write down the values of
(i) f (0) (ii) f (7)
(6) Let f(x ) = x 2 , g(x ) = 2x + 1 be two real functions. Find

(i) (f + g) (x) (ii) (f – g) (x) (iii) (fg) (x) (iv) ( gf )( x)

(7) If A × B ={(p, q),(p, r), (m, q), (m, r)}, find A and B.
(8) State with reason whether f = {(2,1), (4,2), (6,3), (8,4), (10,5), (12,6), (14,7)}
is a function or not. Find its range .
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Chapter 3
Trigonometric Functions
𝝅
Degree × = radian
𝟏𝟖𝟎
𝟏𝟖𝟎
Radian × = degree
𝝅

1. Convert 2400 into radian

𝜋 4𝜋
240 × =
180 3
4𝜋
2. Convert radian into degree
3
4𝜋 180
× = 2400
3 𝜋

5
3. tanx = , x lies in third quadrant, find the values of other five
12
trigonometric functions
5 𝑂
tanx = =
12 𝐴

O =5 and A = 12

H = √𝑂2 + 𝐴2 = √52 + 122 = √25 + 144 = √169 = 13

𝑂 −5 𝐴 −12 𝑂 5
sinx = = cosx = = tanx = =
𝐻 13 𝐻 13 𝐴 12
𝐻 −13 𝐻 13 𝐴 12
cosecx = = secx = = − cotx = =
𝑂 5 𝐴 12 𝑂 5
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In third quadrant tanx and cotx are positive and other functions are
negative

sin(x+y) = sinx cosy + cosx siny

sin(x-y) = sinx cosy - cosx siny
cos(x+y) = cosx cosy - sinx siny
cos(x-y) = cosx cosy + sinx siny
x 300 450 600
1 1
sinx √3
2
√2 2
1 1
cosx √3
2
2 √2

4. Find sin 750 and cos 150

Sin 750 = sin (450+300)
sin(x+y) = sinx cosy + cosx siny
= sin450 cos300 + cos450 sin300
1 √3 1 1 √3 1 √3+1
= × + × = + =
√2 2 √2 2 2 √2 2 √2 2 √2

cos 150 = cos (450 - 300)

cos(x-y) = cosx cosy + sinx siny
= cos450 cos300 + sin 450 sin300
1 √3 1 1 √3 1 √3+1
= × + × = + =
√2 2 √2 2 2 √2 2 √2 2 √2

Exercise
1. 250 = ………. radian
5𝜋
2. Convert radians into degree
6
−4
3. cosx = , x lies in second quadrant, find the values of other
5
five trigonometric functions
4. Find sin 150 and cos 750
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Chapter 4
Complex Numbers
1+𝑖
√−1 = i =i
1−𝑖
i2 =-1 i3 = -i i4 = 1
in can be written as ik, where k is the remainder obtained by dividing n by 4
i10 = i2 = -1 (2 is the remainder when 10 is divided by 4)
i51 = i3= -i (3 is the remainder when 51 is divided by 4)
1 1 𝑖4
i-39 = = = =i
𝑖 39 𝑖3 𝑖3

A number of the form a+ib, where a and b are real numbers is called a complex
number. Complex numbers are generally denoted by z
a is called real part(Rez) and b is called imaginary part(Imz)

Eg : z = -2 +√3 i Rez = -2, Imz = √3

Conjugate of z = a+ib is denoted by z and it is defined as z = a-ib
Eg: z = 1-i, z = 1+i

Modulus of a complex number

Modulus of z = a+ib is denoted by |z| and is defined as

|z| = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
Eg : z = 3 - 4i

|z|= √32 + (−4)2 = √9 + 16 = 5

1. Find i22
i22 = i2 = -1
2. Find i9 + i19
i9 + i19 = i1 + i3 = i – i = 0
3. Find the multiplicative inverse of the complex number z = 3 + 4i
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𝑧̅= 3 – 4i

|z| = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = √32 + 42 = √9 + 16 = 5

𝑧̅ 3−4𝑖 3−4𝑖 3 4𝑖
Multiplicative inverse = = = = -
|𝑍|2 52 25 25 25

4. Write the conjugate of the complex number -1 + 2i

-1 – 2i

Exercise
1. Find i30
2. Find i10 + i20
3. Find the multiplicative inverse of the complex number 2 – 3i
4. Write the conjugate of the complex number i

Chapter 5
Linear Inequalities
1. Solve 4x + 3 < 6x + 7
4x + 3 < 6x + 7
4x – 6x < 7 – 3
-2x < 4
4
x>
−2
x > -2
2. Solve 7x + 3 < 5x + 9
7x + 3 < 5x + 9
7x – 5x < 9 – 3
2x < 6
6
x<
2
x<3
3. Solve 3(x – 1) ≤ 2(x - 3)
3(x – 1) ≤ 2(x - 3)
3x – 3 ≤ 2x – 6
3x – 2x ≤ -6 + 3
x ≤ -3
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Exercise
1. Solve 4x + 3 < 5x + 7
2. Solve 3(2-x) ≥ 2(1-x)
Chapter 6
Permutations and Combinations
1. How many three digit numbers can be formed using the digits 1,2,3,4,5 if
a) repetition of the digits is allowed
b) repetition of the digits is not allowed

a) 5×5×5 = 125
b) 5×4×3 = 60
2. How many four digit numbers can be formed using the digits
1,2,3,4,5,6 if
a) repetition of the digits is allowed
b) repetition of the digits is not allowed
a) 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 =1296
b) 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 = 360

Factorial
n! = 1 ×2 ×3 ×…. ×n
0! =1 1! =1 2! = 1 ×2 =2 3! = 1 ×2 ×3 = 6 4! =1 ×2 ×3 ×4 = 24
5! = 1 ×2 ×3 ×4 ×5
= 5 ×4!
= 5 ×4 ×3!
10! = 10 ×9!
= 10 ×9 ×8!

1. Find 4! + 3!
= 24+6 = 30

10!
2. Find
8!
10! 10×9×8!
= = 90
8! 8!
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1 1 𝑥
3. + = Find x
6! 7! 8!

1 1 𝑥
+ =
6! 7! 8!
1 1 𝑥
+ =
6! 7×6! 8×7×6!
1 1 𝑥
+ =
1 7 8×7
8 𝑥
=
7 8×7
𝑥 = 64
Permutation : Arrangement

n 𝒏!
Pr = (𝒏−𝒓)!

1. Find the number of permutations of all the letters of the word DAUGHTER
Ans: Total number of letters = 8
Number of arrangements = 8!
2. Find the number of permutations of all the letters of the word DAUGHTER in
which all vowels are together
AUE DGHTR
3! × 6!
3. Find the number of permutations of all the letters of the word BANANA
Ans : Total number of letters = 6
A–3 N–2
6!
Number of arrangements =
3!×2!

4. Find the number of permutations of all the letters of the

word MATHEMATICS
Ans : Total number of letters = 11
A–2 M–2 T-2
11!
Number of arrangements =
2!×2!×2!
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Combination : Selection
n 𝒏!
Cr = 𝒓!(𝒏−𝒓)!

1. nC8 = nC2. Find n

Ans : n = 8+2 = 10
2. . nC8 = nC9. Find nC2
n = 8+9 = 17.
n
C2 = 17C2 = 136
3. How many chords can be drawn through 21 points on a circle?
A chord is formed by joining any two points on a circle. To form a chord
we need 2 points. There are 21 points
Number of chords = 21C2 = 210
4. In how many ways can 2 boys and 3 girls be selected from 4 boys and
5 girls
Ans :
4 boys 5 girls
2 boys 3 girls
Total selections = 4C2 × 5C3 = 60

Exercise1
1. How many four digit numbers can be formed using the digits 1,2,3,4,5 if
a)repetition of the digits is allowed
b)repetition of the digits is not allowed
1 1 𝑥
2. + = Find x
7! 8! 9!

3. Find the number of permutations of all the letters of the word EQUATION
4. nC8 = nC4. Find n
5. How many chords can be drawn through 10 points on a circle?
6.In how many ways can 2 boys and 2 girls be selected from
5 boys and 6 girls
7. Find the number of permutations of all the letters of the word EQUATION
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In which all vowels are not together

8. Find the number of permutations of all letters of the word MALAYALAM
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Chapter- 7 - BINOMIAL THEOREM

Binomial theorem for any positive integer n
(a + b)n = nC0 a n + nC1 an–1 b + nC2 an–2 b2 + ...+ nCn – 1 abn–1 + nCn bn
 The number of terms in the expansion of (a+b)n is (n+1)
PROBLEMS
1. Number of terms in the expansion of (x + y)10 is ........ Ans :- 11
2. Write the expansion of (2x + 3y)5
Ans :- (a + b)5 = 5C0 a5 + 5C1 a4 b + 5C2 a3 b2 + 5C3 a2 b3 + 5C4 a b4 + 5C5 b5
5 5×4
C0 = 5C5 = 1 , 5
C1 = 5C4 = 5 , 5
C2 = 5C3 = =10
1×2
(2x + 3y)5 = 1 (2x)5 + 5(2x)4 (3y) + 10(2x)3 (3y)2 +10 (2x)2 (3y)3 + 5(2x)(3y)4 + 1 (3y)5
= 32x5 + 5 × 16x4 × 3y + 10 × 8x 3 × 9y 2 + 10 × 4x2 × 27y 3 + 5 × 2x × 81y4 + 243y5
= 32x5 + 240x4 y + 720x3 y 2 + 1080x2 y 3 + 810xy4 + 243y5
4
3
3. Write the expansion of ( x2−
x ) ,x≠0

Ans :- (a – b)4 = 4C0 a4 – 4C1 a3b + 4C2 a2b2 – 4C3 ab3 + 4C4 b4 4
C0 = 4C4 = 1
4 2 3 4
3 3 3 3 3
( x2−
x ) = 1 (x2)4 – 4 (x2)3 () x
+ 6 (x2)2 ()
x
– 4 (x2) ()x
+1 ()
x
4
C1 = 4C3 = 4

3 9 27 81 4×3
= x8 – 4 × x6 × + 6 × x 4 × 2 – 4x2 × 3 + 4 4
C2 = =6
x x x x 1×2
108 81
= x8 – 12x5 + 54x 2 – + 4
x x
4 4
4. Find (a + b)4 – (a – b)4 . Hence, evaluate ( √ 3+ √ 2 ) − ( √ 3−√ 2 )
Ans :- (a + b)4 = 4C0 a4 + 4C1 a3 b + 4C2 a2 b2 + 4C3 a b3 + 4C4 b4
4 4×3
C0 = 4C4 = 1 , 4
C1 = 4C3 = 4 , 4
C2 = =6
1×2
(a + b)4 = a4 + 4a3b + 6a2b2 + 4ab3 + b4 (1)
(a – b)4 = a4 – 4a3b + 6a2b2 – 4ab3 + b4 (2)
(1) – (2) (a + b)4 – (a – b)4 = 8a3b + 8ab3
4 4
( √ 3+ √ 2 ) − ( √ 3−√ 2 ) = 8( √ 3)3 √ 2+8 √ 3( √ 2)3 a=√ 3 , b=√ 2
= 8×3 √ 3×√ 2+ 8× √ 3×2 √ 2
= 24 √ 6+16 √ 6 = 40 √ 6

UNIT TEST
(1) Expand each of the expressions.
(i) (1 – 2x)5 (ii) (2x – 3)6
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Chapter 8

Sequences and Series

Geometric Progression (G.P)
A geometric progression is a sequence of non-zero numbers where each term
after the first term is found by multiplying the previous one by a fixed non-zero
number called common ratio (r).
𝑎2
r= , nth term an = a rn-1 , a2 = ar, a3 = ar2, a4 = ar3
𝑎1

𝑟 𝑛 −1
sum, Sn = a( )
𝑟−1

1. If the 4th , 10th and 16th terms of a G.P are x,y,z respectively. Prove that x,y,z
are in G.P
ar3 = x ar9 = y ar15 = z
𝑦 𝑎𝑟 9
= = r6
𝑥 𝑎𝑟 3

𝑧 𝑎𝑟 15
= = r6
𝑦 𝑎𝑟 9

x,y,z are in G.P

2 . Find the sum to n terms of the sequence 8,88,888,…
8 + 88 + 888 + … to n terms
= 8[1 + 11 + 111 + … to n terms]
8
= [9 + 99 + 999 + … to n terms]
9
8
= [(10-1) + (100-1) + (1000-1) + … to n terms]
9
8
= [(10 + 100 + 1000 + … to nerms)-(1 + 1+ 1+ … to n terms)]
9
8 10𝑛 −1 𝑟 𝑛 −1
= [ 10( ) - n] Sn = a( )
9 10−1 𝑟−1

3. Insert 3 numbers between 1 and 256 so that, the resulting sequence is a G.P
Let G1, G2, G3 be the three numbers
1, G1,G2,G3,256 is a G.P
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a= 1
Fifth term is 256
a r4 = 256
r4 = 256
r= 4, -4
Take r = 4
G1 = 1x4 = 4, G2 = 4x4 = 16, G3 = 16 x 4 = 64

Exercise
1. Which term of the sequence 2, 2√2, 4, … is 128?
2. Find the sum to n terms of the sequence 3,33,333,…
3. Insert 3 numbers between 1 and 81 so that, the resulting sequence is a
G.P

Chapter 9
Straight Lines
Slope of a line
Slope , m = tan𝜃 where 𝜃 is the angle which the line makes with positive
direction of x- axis
𝑦2 −𝑦1
m=
𝑥2 −𝑥1

1. Find the slope of a line which makes 450 with positive direction of x-axis
Slope = tan𝜃 = tan 450 = 1
2. Find the slope of the line joining (3,-1) and (4,-2)
𝑦 −𝑦
m= 2 1
𝑥2 −𝑥1
−2+1
= = -1
4−3

Point slope form

The equation of a line passing through (x1,y1) and having slope m is
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y– y1 = m(x – x1)
This form is called point slope form
3. Find the equation of a line with slope 3 and passes through the point
(2,4).

y– y1 = m(x – x1)
y– 4 = 3(x – 2)
Two point form
The equation of a line passing through (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) is
𝒚− 𝒚𝟏 𝒙− 𝒙𝟏
=
𝒚𝟐− 𝒚𝟏 𝒙𝟐−𝒙𝟏

4. Find the equation of a line passing through (2,3) and (5,4)

𝒚− 𝒚𝟏 𝒙− 𝒙𝟏
=
𝒚𝟐− 𝒚𝟏 𝒙𝟐−𝒙𝟏

𝒚− 𝟑 𝒙− 𝟐
=
𝟒−𝟑 𝟓−𝟐
𝒚− 𝟑 𝒙− 𝟐
=
𝟏 𝟑

Intercept form
The intercept form of a line is
𝒙 𝒚
+ =1
𝒂 𝒃
a is the x intercept and b is the y intercept of the line
5.Find the equation of a line with x intercept 3 and y intercept 4?
a = 3 and b = 4
𝒙 𝒚
+ =1
𝒂 𝒃
𝒙 𝒚
+ =1
𝟑 𝟒
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Exercise
1. Find the slope of a line which makes 600 with positive direction of x-axis
2. Find the slope of the line joining (3,1) and (4,2)
3. Find the equation of a line with slope -2 and passes through the point (1,-3).
4. Find the equation of a line with x intercept 3 and y intercept 4?
5. Find the equation of a line passing through (1,3) and (2,4)

Chapter 10
Conic Sections
Circle
(x-h)2+(y-k)2 = r2 is a circle with centre (h,k) and radius r
1. Find the equation of a circle with centre (2,2) and radius 7
(x-h)2+(y-k)2 = r2
(x-2)2+(y-2)2 = 72
The general equation of a circle is x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0

Centre at (-g,-f) r = √𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 − 𝑐

2. Find the centre and radius of the circle x2 + y2 + 8x + 10y -8 = 0
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
2g = 8 ,g = 4
2f = 10, f = 5
c = -8
Centre at (-g,-f)
Centre at (-4,-5)

r = √𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 − 𝑐

r = √42 + 52 + 8 = √49 = 7
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Parabola
Latus
Parabola vertex focus Directrix
rectum
axis

y2 = 4ax (0,0) (a,0) x = -a 4a X

y2 = -4ax (0,0) (-a,0) x=a 4a X

x2 = 4ay (0,0) (0,a) y = -a 4a Y

x2 = -4ay (0,0) (0,-a) y=a 4a Y

3. Write Vertex , Focus , Equation of directrix and length of the latus

rectum of the parabola y2 = 12x
y2 = 12x
y2 = 4ax
4a = 12, a = 3
Vertex at (0,0), Focus at (3,0), Equation of directrix : x= -3
Length of the latus rectum = 4a= 12
4. Write Vertex , Focus , Equation of directrix and length of the latus
rectum of the parabola x2 = -16y
x2 = -16y
x2 = -4ay
4a = 16, a = 4
Vertex at (0,0), Focus at (0,-4), Equation of directrix : y= 4
Length of the latus rectum = 4a= 16
5. Write the equation of the parabola having Vertex (0,0), focus (-2,0)
a=2
y2 = -4ax
y2 = -8x

Ellipse
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
+ = 1, c =√𝑎2 − 𝑏2
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
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Foci (±c,0), Vertices (±a,0)

Length of the major axis = 2a, length of the minor axis = 2b
2𝑏2 𝑐
Length of the latus rectum = , Eccentricity, e =
𝑎 𝑎
𝑥2 𝑦2
6. + =1
16 9
a2 = 16, a = 4
b2 = 9, b = 3
c =√𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = √16 − 9 = √7
Foci (±√7,0), Vertices (±4,0)
Length of the major axis = 2×4 = 8
Length of the minor axis = 2×3 = 6
2.32 9
Length of the latus rectum = =
4 2
√7
Eccentricity, e =
4
7. 4x2+9y2 = 36
4𝑥 2 9𝑦 2 𝑥2 𝑦2
+ =1 + =1
36 36 9 4

𝑥2 𝑦2
2
+ =1
𝑎 𝑏2

a2 = 9 a = 3 b2 = 4 b = 2

c =√𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = √9 − 4 = √5

Foci (±√5,0), Vertices (±3,0)

Length of the major axis = 2×3 = 6, Length of the minor axis = 2×2 = 4
2𝑏2 2.22 8 √5
Length of the latus rectum = = = , Eccentricity, e =
𝑎 3 3 3

Exercise
1. Find the equation of a circle with centre (2,3) and radius 5
2. Find the centre and radius of the circle x2 + y2 + 4x + 10y -1 = 0
3. Write Vertex , Focus , Equation of directrix and length of the latus
rectum of the parabola y2 = -12x
4. Write the equation of the parabola having Vertex (0,0), focus (0,2)
5. Write the foci, vertices, length of the major and minor axis, length
of the latus rectum and eccentricity of the ellipse 4x2 + 25y2 = 100
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Chapter-11
INTRODUCTION TO THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
KEY NOTES
➢ The three coordinate planes divide the space into eight parts known as octants. They are
XOYZ - I XOYZ′ - V
X′OYZ - II X′OYZ′ - VI
X′OY′Z - III X′OY′Z′ - VII
XOY′Z - IV XOY′Z′ - VIII
The following table shows the signs of the coordinates in eight octants.

Eg : (1,2,3) (-1,2,3) (-2,-3,1) (3,-1,2) (2,1,-3) (-1,3,-2) (-2,-1,-3) (3,-2,-1)

➢ Coordinates of origin O are (0,0,0)
any point on the x-axis (x,0,0) YZ-plane (0, y, z)
y-axis (0, y, 0) and ZX-plane (x, 0, z)
z-axis (0, 0, z) XY-plane (x, y, 0)
➢ The distance between two points (x1 , y1 , z1 ) and (x2 , y2 , z2 ) is
2
√(x −x )
2 1 + ( y 2−y1 )2 + (z 2−z 1)2
PROBLEMS
(1) Find the octant in which the points (–3,1,2) and (–3,1,– 2) lie.
Ans :- (–3,1, 2) - X′OYZ - II octant
(–3, 1, – 2) - X′OYZ′ - VI octant
(2)A point is on the x -axis. What are its y-coordinate and z-coordinates?
Ans :- 0
(3) A point is in the XZ-plane. What can you say about its y-coordinate?
Ans :- 0
(4) Find the distance between the points (1, –3, 4) and Q (– 4, 1, 2).
Ans :- (x1, y1, z1 ) = (1, –3, 4)
(x2 , y2, z2 ) = (– 4, 1, 2)
2 2 2
distance = √(x −x ) + (y −y ) + (z −z )
2 1 2 1 2 1

2 2 2
= √(−4−1) +( 1−(−3)) +(2−4)
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= √ 25+16+ 4 = √ 45 = 3 √5
(5) Show that the points P (–2, 3, 5), Q (1, 2, 3) and R (7, 0, –1) are collinear.
Ans :- (x1, y1, z1 ) = P (–2, 3, 5)
(x2 , y2, z2 ) = Q (1, 2, 3)
(x3 , y3, z3 ) = R (7, 0, –1)
2 2 2
PQ = √(x −x ) + (y −y ) + (z −z )
2 1 2 1 2 1

2 2 2
= √(1−(−2)) +(2−3) +(3−5)
= √ 9+1+4 = √ 14
QR = √(7−1)2 +(0−2)2 +(−1−3)2
= √ 36+4 +16 = √ 56 = 2 √ 14
PR = √(7−(−2))2+(0−3)2+(−1−5)2
=
√ 81+ 9+36 = √ 126 = 3 √ 14
PQ + QR = √ 14 + 2 √ 14 = 3 √ 14 = PR.
Hence, P, Q and R are collinear.
Additional Questions
(1) Name the octants in which the following points lie:
(4, –2, –5), (4, 2, –5), (– 4, 2, –5), (– 4, 2, 5)
(2) Fill in the blanks:
(i) The x-axis and y-axis taken together determine a plane known as_______.
(ii) The coordinates of points in the XY-plane are of the form _______.
(iii) Coordinate planes divide the space into ______ octants.
(3) Find the distance between (2, 0, 1) and (0, 1, 2).
(4) Verify the following:
(i) (0, 7, –10), (1, 6, – 6) and (4, 9, – 6) are the vertices of an isosceles triangle.
(ii) (0, 7, 10), (–1, 6, 6) and (– 4, 9, 6) are the vertices of a right angled triangle.
(5) Show that the points A (1, 2, 7), B (2, 6, 3) and C (3, 10, –1) are collinear.
Unit Test
1. (i) The point (0, 5, 7) lies in (1)
(a) XY-Plane (b) YZ-Plane
(c) XZ-Plane (d) X-axis
(ii) Find the distance between (2, –3, –1) and (–2, 4, 3). (2)
2. (i) Name the octant in which the point (1, – 2, 3) lie. (1)
(ii) The z-coordinate of a point on XY plane is ____ (1)
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Chapter – 12 - LIMITS AND DERIVATIVES

Limits
xn −a n n−1 sin x tan x
➢ lim = na lim = 1 lim = 1
x →a x−a x →0 x x →0 x
e x−1 log e (1+ x)
➢ lim = 1 lim = 1
x →0 x x →0 x
Derivatives
First principle of derivative.
f ( x+ h)− f ( x)
f ' ( x ) = lim
h→0 h
RESULTS
d d n
1. (k ) = 0 2. ( x ) = nxn – 1
dx dx
d d 2
3. ( x) = 1 4. (x ) = 2x
dx dx
d 1 1 d 1
5. ( ) = − 2 6. (√ x ) =
dx x x dx 2 √x
d d
7. (sin x ) = cos x 8. (cos x) = – sin x
dx dx
d d
9. ( tan x) = sec2 x 10. (cot x) = – cosec2 x
dx dx
d d
11. (sec x) = sec x . tan x 12. (cosec x) = – cosec x . cot x
dx dx
1. Product Rule
d dv du
(u . v) = u . + v.
dx dx dx
2. Quotient Rule
du dv
v. − u.
d u dx dx
dx v( )= v 2

PROBLEMS
(1) Evaluate the following limits
(i) lim (x 3 − x 2+1)
x→ 1

Ans :- lim (x 3 − x 2+1) = 13 – 12 + 1 = 1 – 1 + 1 = 1

x→ 1

(ii) lim [x (x+1)]

x→ 3

Ans :- lim [x ( x+1)] = 3 ( 3 + 1 ) = 3×4 = 12

x→ 3
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(2) Find lim f (x) where

x→ 0

Ans :- left limit at 0 = lim (2 x +3) [ take f(x) when x < 0 ]

x→ 0

= 2×0+ 3 = 3
right limit at 0 = lim 3 (x +1) [ take f(x) when x > 0 ]
x→ 0

= 3(0+1) = 3
left limit at 0 = right limit at 0 = 3
lim f (x) = 3
x→ 0

x 15 − 1
(3) Evaluate lim
x→ 1 x10−1
x 15 − 1 15 n
x −a
n
n −1
Ans :- lim 10 = lim = na
x→ 1 x −1 10 x →a x−a

sin 4 x
(4) Evaluate lim
x→ 0 x
sin 4 x sin 4 x sin x
Ans :- lim = lim ×4 lim =1
x→ 0 x x→ 0 4x x→ 0 x
sin 4 x
= 4 lim = 4×1 = 4
4 x →0 4x
sin 3 x
(5) Evaluate lim
x→ 0 sin 4 x
sin 3 x 3 sin x
Ans :- lim = lim =1
x→ 0 sin 4 x 4 x→ 0 x
e3 x−1
(6) lim
x→ 0 x
e3 x−1 e3 x−1 e3 x −1
Ans :- lim = lim ×3 = 3 lim = 3×1 = 3
x→ 0 x x→ 0 3x 3 x →0 3x
log e (1+5 x )
(7) lim
x→ 0 x
log e (1+5 x ) log e (1+5 x )
Ans :- lim = lim ×5
x→ 0 x x→ 0 5x
log e (1+ 5 x)
= 5 lim = 5×1 = 5
5 x →0 5x
(8) Find the derivatives of the following functions.
(i) – x
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d
Ans :- (−x ) = – 1
dx
1
(ii) x +
x
d 1 1
Ans :-
dx ( )
x+
x
=1–
x2
(iii) 5sin x − 6 cos x + 7
d
Ans :- [ 5 sin x −6 cos x +7 ] = 5 cos x − 6 (– sin x) + 0 = 5 cos x + 6 sin x
dx
(iv) x. sin x
d dv du
Ans :- (u . v) = u . + v.
dx dx dx
d
[ x . sin x ] = x . d sin x + sin x . d x
dx dx dx
= x cos x + sin x . 1 = x cos x + sin x
(v) cosec x cot x
d dv du
Ans :- (u . v) = u . + v.
dx dx dx
d
[ cosec x cot x ] = cosec x . d (cot x) + cot x . d cosec x
dx dx dx
= cosec x( – cosec2 x) + cot x (– cosec x . cot x)
= – cosec3 x – cosec x . cot2 x
x+ 1
(vi)
x
du dv
v. − u.
d u dx dx
Ans :-
dx v ( )= v 2

d d
x. (x+1) − (x +1) . (x)
d x+1 dx dx
dx x[ ] =
x2
x (1+0)−(x +1).1 x−x−1 1
= = = − 2
x2 x 2
x
cos x
(vii)
1+sin x
du dv
v. − u.
d u dx dx
Ans :- ( )=
dx v v 2

d d
(1+sin x ). (cos x) − cos x . (1+sin x)
d cos x dx dx
[
dx 1+sin x ] =
(1+sin x)2
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(1+sin x ).(−sin x) − cos x .(0+cos x)

=
(1+sin x )2
−sin x−sin 2 x − cos2 x −(sin x+sin 2 x+cos 2 x)
= 2
=
(1+sin x) (1+sin x)2
−(sin x+1) −1
= =
(1+ sin x)2 1+sin x
(9) Find the derivative of x2 using first principle.
Ans :- (i) Let f(x) = x2 ,
f (x + h)− f (x ) ( x+ h )2 − x 2
f ′ (x) = lim = lim
h→ 0 h h→ 0 h
x2 +2 xh +h 2−x 2 h(2 x+ h)
= lim = lim
h→ 0 h h→ 0 h
= lim (2 x +h ) = 2x + 0 = 2x
h→ 0

PROBLEMS
(1) Evaluate the following limits
ax + b
(i) lim (x +3)
x→ 3
(ii) lim π r 2
r →1
(iii) lim
x→ 0 [ cx+1 ]
ax2 + bx+ c sin ax
(iv) lim
x→ 1 [ cx 2 + bx+a ] , a+b+c≠0 (v) lim
x→ 0 sin bx
a,b≠0

sin ax e 4 x −1 log e (1+2 x)

(vi) lim (vii) lim (viii) lim
x→ 0 bx x→ 0 x x→ 0 x
(2) Find the derivatives of the following functions.
3
(i) 2 x− (ii) 3x2 – 5x +2 (iii) 2 tan x − 7 sec x
4
1+sin x
(iv) (v) sin x cos x
cos x
(3) Find the derivative of sin x using first principle.
UNIT TEST
1. Evaluate lim (x 2−2) (1)
x→ 2

2. Find lim f (x) where

x→ 1

(3)

3. Find the derivative of

x2
(a) (b) 5sec x + 4 cos x – 1 (3×2=6)
3 x−1
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Chapter – 13 – STATISTICS
Mean

x̄ =
∑ fi x i where N = ∑ fi .
N
Mean Deviation about Mean

MD( x̄) =
∑ fi|x i− x̄|
N
Variance

Variance =
∑ f i (x i − x̄)2
N
Standard deviation = √ Variance
Problems
(1) Find mean deviation about the mean for the following data :
xi 2 5 6 8 10 12
fi 2 8 10 7 8 5
Ans : -

|x i− x̄|
xi fi fixi f i|x i− x̄|
= |x i−7.5|
2 2 4 5.5 11
5 8 40 2.5 20
6 10 60 1.5 15
8 7 56 0.5 3.5
10 8 80 2.5 20
12 5 60 4.5 22.5
40 300 92
N = ∑ f i = 40

x̄ =
∑ fi x i =
300
= 7.5
N 40

MD( x̄) =
∑ fi|x i− x̄| =
92
= 2.3
N 40
(2) Find the mean deviation about the mean for the following data:
xi 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80
fi 2 3 8 14 8 3 2

Ans : -
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|x i− x̄|
Class xi fi fixi f i|x i− x̄|
= |x i−45|
10+ 20
10-20 =15 2 30 30 60
2
20-30 25 3 75 20 60
30-40 35 8 280 10 80
40-50 45 14 630 0 0
50-60 55 8 440 10 80
60-70 65 3 195 20 60
70-80 75 2 150 30 60
40 1800 400
N = ∑ f i = 40

x̄ =
∑ fi x i =
1800
= 45
N 40

MD( x̄) =
∑ fi|x i− x̄| =
400
= 10
N 40
(3) Find the variance and standard deviation for the following data:
xi 92 93 97 98 102 104 109
fi 3 2 3 2 6 3 3
Ans : -

( x i− x̄)2
xi fi fixi f i (x i− x̄)2
2
=(xi – 100 )
92 3 276 64 192
93 2 186 49 98
97 3 291 9 27
98 2 196 4 8
102 6 612 4 24
104 3 312 16 48
109 3 327 81 243
22 2200 640

N = ∑ f i = 22

x̄ =
∑ fi x i =
2200
= 100
N 22

Variance =
∑ f i ( x i− x̄)2 =
640
= 29.09
N 22
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Standard Deviation = √ Variance = √ 29.09 = 5.39

(4) Find the variance and standard deviation for the following data:
Class 0-30 30-60 60-90 90-120 120-150 150-180 180-210
fi 2 3 5 10 3 5 2
Ans : -

( x i− x̄)2
Class xi fi fixi f i (x i− x̄)2
2
=(xi – 107 )
0-30 15 2 30 8464 16928
30-60 45 3 135 3844 11532
60-90 75 5 375 1024 5120
90-120 105 10 1050 4 40
120-150 135 3 405 784 2352
150-180 165 5 825 3364 16820
180-210 195 2 390 7744 15488
30 3210 68280
N = ∑ f i = 30

x̄ =
∑ fi x i =
3210
= 107
N 30

Variance =
∑ f i ( x i− x̄)2 =
68280
= 2276
N 30
Standard Deviation = √ Variance = √ 2276 = 47.71
UNIT TEST
(1) Find the mean deviation about the mean for the following data:
Height in cms 95-105 105-115 115-125 125-135 135-145 145-155
Number of boys 9 13 26 30 12 10
(2) Find the variance and standard deviation for the following data:
xi 4 8 11 17 20 24 32
fi 3 5 9 5 4 3 1
(3) Find the variance and standard deviation for the following data:
xi 6 10 14 18 24 28 30
fi 2 4 7 12 8 4 3
(4) Consider the following table:
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Frequency 5 8 15 16 6
(i) Find Mean
(ii) Find Variance (iii) Find standard deviation
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Chapter 14

Probability
The set of all possible outcomes of a random experiment is called sample space
and is denoted by S
Write the sample space
1. Tossing a coin : S = {H,T}
2. Tossing 2 coins : S = {HH,HT,TH,TT}
3. Tossing 3 coins : S = {HHH, HTT,THT,TTH,THH,HTH,HHT,TTT}
4. Throwing a die : S= {1,2,3,4,5,6}
5. Throwing 2 dice: S = {(1,1)…(6,6)}
Probability of an event
𝑛(𝐴)
Probability of the event A is denoted by P(A) and is defined as P(A) =
𝑛(𝑆)

1. A die is thrown. Find the probability of the following events

(i) getting an even number
S = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
𝑛(𝐴) 3
A = {2,4,6} P(A) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 6
(ii) getting an odd number
𝑛(𝐵) 3
B = {1,3,5} P(B) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 6

(iii) Getting a prime number

𝑛(𝐶) 3
C = {2,3,5} P(C) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 6
2. 2 dice are thrown. Find the probability of the following events
(i) getting a sum of 8
S = {(1,1),…,(6,6)}
A = {(5,3),(3,5), (6,2),(2,6),(4,4)}
𝑛(𝐴) 5
P(A) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 36
(ii) getting a doublet
B = {(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6)}
6
P(B) =
36
3. . A bag contains 4 red and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at random. Find
the probability that
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4
(i)the ball is red : (total balls 9)
9
5
(ii) The ball is black :
9
4. A coin is tossed 3 times. Find the probability of the following events.
(i) exactly 2 tails
S = {HHH, HTT,THT,TTH,THH,HTH,HHT,TTT}
3
A = { HTT,THT,TTH } P(A) =
8
(ii) at least 2 tails
4
B = { HTT,THT,TTH,TTT } P(B) =
8
(iii) at most 2 tails
7
C = { HHH, HTT,THT,TTH,THH,HTH,HHT} P(C) =
8

Total number of cards = 52

26 red and 26 black. Diamond and heart are red and spade and club are black ,
each of which are of 13 in number. Number of face cards is 12
5. 2 cards are drawn from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that
26𝐶2
(i) the cards are red:
52𝐶2
26𝐶1 × 26𝐶1
(ii)the cards are of different colours: (one red and one black)
52𝐶 2
(iii) the cards are of same colour
26𝐶2 26𝐶2
P(2 cards are red) + P(2 cards are black) = +
52𝐶2 52𝐶2
(iv) The cards are of same suite
P(cards are diamond) + P(cards are heart) + P(cards are spade) + P(cards
are club)
13𝐶2 13𝐶2 13𝐶2 13𝐶2
= + + +
52𝐶2 52𝐶2 52𝐶2 52𝐶2

P(A∪ 𝐵) = P(A) + P(B)- P(A∩ 𝐵)

P(AI) = 1 – P(A) A or B : A ∪ 𝐵 A and B : A ∩ 𝐵 notA : AI

4
6. If P(A) = find P(notA)
9
4 5
P(not A) = P(AI) = 1-P(A) = 1- =
9 9
7. If P(A)= 0.54, P(B) = 0.69 and P(A ∩ 𝐵) = 0.35 find
(i) P(A 𝑜𝑟 𝐵) = P(A ∪ 𝐵) = P(A) + P(B)- P(A∩ 𝐵) = 0.54+0.69-0.35 =0 .88
(ii) P(neither A nor B) = P(AI ∩ BI) = 1-P(A ∪ 𝐵) = 1 – 0.88 = 0.12
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Exercise
1. A bag contains 5 red and 4 black balls. A ball is drawn at random. Find
the probability that
(i)the ball is red (ii) the ball is black
2. One card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that
(i) the card is red (ii) the card is black (iii) the card is a king
3. A coin is tossed 3 times. Find the probability of the following events.
(i) exactly 2 heads (ii) at least 2 heads (iii) at most 2 heads
5
4. If P(A) = find P(notA)
9

5. If P(A)= 0.56, P(B) = 0.65 and P(A ∩ 𝐵) = 0.30 find

(i) P(A or B) (ii) P(not A and not B)
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UNIT TEST
Max Mark : 20
Time: 1 Hour

1. a) If a set A has 2 elements, then the number of subsets of A is

b) Write all the subset of {1,2} (2)

2. If U={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9},A={2,4,6,8} and B={2,3,5,7}. Verify that

a) (A∪B)′ = A′∩B′
b) (A∩B)′ = A′∪B′ (3)

3. a) Draw the graph of the function f(x) = |x+1| (2)

b) Write its domain and range. (2)

4. i) Which of the following points lie on the yz plane (1)

(a)(2,3,0) (b)(2,1,-10) (c)(3,0,2) (d)(0,3,1)
ii) Find the distance between the point (-2,3,4) and (2,-1,-3) (2)

5. a) The number of terms in the expansion of (a-b)4 is (1)

b) Find (1+2x)5 (2)

6. Find the mean, variance and standard deviation for the following data
(5)
Class 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50
Frequency 5 8 15 16 6
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UNIT TEST
Max Mark : 20
Time: 1 Hour

1. i) If A and B are two sets such that A⊂B then A∩B = (1)
ii) Write all the subset of {1,2,3} (2)
iii)If U={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9},A={2,4,6,8} and B={2,3,5,7}. Find (2)
a) A∪B b) A′∩B′

2. i) Let A={1,2,3,4,5……………,14} define a relation R from A to A by

R= {(x, y) : y =3x where x, y ∈ A}
a) Write R in roster form. b) Write domain and range of R. (3)
ii) A function f is defined by f(x)= 2x-5. Find the value of f(0) (1)

3. i) Co-ordinate planes divide the space into octants. (1)

ii) Find the distance between the point (-2,3,1) and (2,-4,-3) (2)

4. a) The number of terms in the expansion of (a+b)4 is (1)

b) Find (x2+3/x)4 , x ≠ 0 (3)

5. Find the mean deviation about mean for the following data
(4)
Class 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50
Frequency 5 8 15 16 6
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UNIT TEST
Max Mark : 20
Time : 1 hour

1) A = {1, 2, 3, 4} B= {2,4,5} , find A∪B and A∩B (2)

2) Write all the subset of A= {a,b,c} (3)
3) (x-2, y+3) = (4, -3) find the value of x and y (2)
4) Draw the graph of f(x) = |x| (2)
5) Expand using binomial theorem (x-1)4 (3)
6) Name the octant in which the point (-1,-2-3) lie (1)
7) Find the distance between the points (-2,3, 1) and (0, -1, -2) (2)
8) Consider the following table

class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

frequency 7 8 10 8 7

Find Mean and Standard deviation (5)

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UNIT TEST
Max Mark : 20
Time : 1 hour

1) U = {1,2,3,….,12} , A= {x: x is even < 12 } , B= {2,4,5,6,7,9}

Prove that (AUB)' = A'∩B' & (A∩B)' = A'UB' (4)
2) Write in set builder form (2, -4] (1)
3) A X B = { (a,x) , (a,y) , (b,x) , (b,y) }
Find A & B (2)
3
4) f(x) = x g(x) = 8x + 3
Find (f+g)(x) and (f/g)(x) (2)
5) Find (a+b)3 – (a-b)3 , Hence evaluate (√2 + 1)3 – (√2 - 1)3 (3)
6) Show that (1, 2, 7), (2, 6, 3) (3, 10, -1) are Collinear (3)
7) Find Mean and Standard Deviation for the following data (5)

class
30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100

frequency 3 7 12 15 8 3 2
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UNIT TEST
Max Mark : 20
Time : 1 hour

𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6
1. Evaluate lim ( ) 1
𝑥→−1 𝑥−1
𝑎𝑥 2 +𝑏𝑥+𝑐 Sin 6x
2. Find (a) lim (b) lim 𝑥Secx (c) lim 6
𝑥→1 𝑐𝑥 2 +𝑏𝑥+𝑎 𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑆𝑖𝑛 3𝑥

3. (a)Derivative of √x = ____ 1
(b) Find the derivative of f(x) = 𝑥1 using first principle 3

4. Find the derivative of f(x) = Sin x, using first principle 3

2𝑥+3
5. Find the derivatives of the functions (a) x²+x+1 (b) Sec x – 3tan x (c) √x Cos x (d) 6
𝑥+1

UNIT TEST
Max Mark :20
Time : 1 hour
1. Let A = { x : x ∈ N and x < 5}; B = {x : x is a prime factor of 6}
(a) Write A and B in Roster form 1
(b) Find A∪B and A∩B 2
2. Let A = {1,2,3,4} and R be a relation on A defined by R = {(x,y): y = 2x; x,y∈A}
(a) Write R in Roster form 1
(b) Find the domain and range of R 2
3. (a) Sin(x-y) = _______ 1
(c) Find the value of Sin 15° 2
4. If z = 2-i , find (a) Conjugate of z (b) |z| (c) multiplicative inverse of z 3
1 1 1
5. If M and N are two events such that P(M) =4 , P(N) = 2 and P(M∩N) = 6
Find (a) P(M or N) (b)P(not M and not N) 4
6. One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards.If each outcome is equally likely,calculate
the probability that the card will be
(a) a diamond (b) not a diamond (c) an ace (d) not an ace 4
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UNIT TEST
Max Mark : 20
Time 1 hour
1. (a) i² = ___ , i³ = ___ 2
(b) Find i ⁸ + I ⁹ 2
2. (a) Write the conjugate of 2 + 3i 1
(b) Find the multiplicative inverse of 2 + 3i 2
1+𝑖
(c) Write in a + ib form 3
2+3𝑖

3. (a) 4x + 1 ≤ 9 2
(b) 3(x-1) ≥ 2(x+1) 2
4. Find the number of 3–digit numbers that can be formed from the digits
1,2,3,4,5, assuming that repetition of the digits is not allowed 2
5. (a) n Cᵣ = __________ 1
(b) A bag contains 6 black and 5 white balls. Determine the number of ways
in which 4 black and 3 white balls can be selected 3

UNIT TEST
Max Mark : 20
Time : 1 hour
1. (a) The nth term of a GP is ___ 1
(b) The 3rd term of a GP is 24 and the 6th term is 192.Find the 12th term 2
2. (a) Insert two numbers between 3 and 81 so that the resulting sequence is a GP 2
(b) Find the sum to n terms of the sequence 6,66,666,6666,…….. 3
3. (a) Find the slope of the line (2,6) and (-6,7) 1
(b) Find the equation of the line through the point (1,4) and with slope 3 2
(c) Write the equation of a line with x-intercept 3 and y-intercept 6 2
4. (a) Find the centre and radius of a circle x² + y² + 2x + 6y – 9 = 0 2
(b) Write the equation of a parabola having vertex (0,0) and focus (3,0) 2
5. Find the co-ordinates of the foci ,vertices and the length of latus rectum of the ellipse
𝑥² 𝑦²
+ =1 3
25 100