GLOBAL MIGRATION :BASIC CONCEPT

LESSON OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1.Understand the concept of global migration as an international phenomenon,

2.Learn the importance of global migration to the Sustainable Development Goals:

3.Determine the categories and examples of migrants; and

4.Identify the main drivers of migration

DEFINITION OF TERMS

MIGRATION

*is the crossing of the boundary of a political or administrative unit for a certain minimum period of
time. It includes the movement of refugees, displaced persons, uprooted people, as well as economic
migrants.

*is the most complex component of population change by providing an important network for the
diffusion of ideas and information, indicates symptoms of social and economic change, and regarded as
a human adjustment to economic,

MIGRANT

*any person who is moving or has moved across an international border or within a state away from
his/her habitual place of residence, regardless of (1) the person's legal status; (2) whether the
movement is voluntary or involuntary, (3) what the causes for the movement are, or (4) what the length
of the stay is (UN IOM,2017).

INTRODUCTION

GLOBAL MIGRATION

Global migration is a complex phenomenon that tackles on a multiplicity of economic,social, security,

and several aspects affecting our daily lives in a rapidly interconnecting world. On the other hand,
migration encompasses a large variety of movements and situations involving people. Migration is
embroiled with geopolitics, trade, and cultural exchange and provides opportunities for several
countries, business, communities, and cultures to benefit in a grand manner.

Migration and the Sustainable Development Goals

Migration is one of the defining features of the 21-century. It contributes significantly to all aspects of
economic and social development everywhere, and, as such, will be the key to achieving the sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs).Sustainable development goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 global goals adopted
by the United Nations in 2015. These goals are aimed at addressing various global challenges, such as
poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation. The SDGs are intended to be
universal, meaning they apply to all countries and all people, regardless of their level of development.
The goals are also interconnected, meaning that progress in one area can have a positive impact on
others. The 17 SDGs are:

No Poverty

Zero Hunger

Good Health and Well-Being

Quality Education

Gender Equality

Clean Water and Sanitation

Affordable and Clean Energy

Decent Work and Economic Growth

Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

Reduced Inequalities

Sustainable Cities and Communities

Responsible Consumption and Production

Climate Action

Life Below Water

Life On Land

Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

Partnerships for the Goals

These goals are intended to be achieved by the year 2030. To help achieve these goals, countries,
businesses, and individuals are encouraged to take action to support sustainable development.

From this definition,two categories of migrants can be identified:

1.Labor (or economic) migrants (and family reunification)

2. Forced migrants (asylum seekers and refugees)

*FORCED MIGRANTS *ASYLUM SEEKER *REFUGEES

DRIVERS OF MIGRATION

The drivers of migration are the factors that push people to leave their homes and move to another
place. Some of the most common drivers of migration include economic opportunities, political
instability, natural disasters, and conflicts

Some of the drivers as follow

Economic and demographic drivers are factors that influence economic and population trends.
Economic drivers include factors such as GDP growth and consumer spending, while demographic
drivers include factors such as birth and mortality rates. These drivers can have a significant impact on a
country's economic and population growth.

Environmental drivers are factors that influence the state of the natural environment and its impact on
human activities. These drivers can include natural events and human activities. Environmental drivers
can have a significant impact on a country's economy and the health of its population. Understanding
and addressing environmental drivers is an important part of sustainable development.
Human-made crises are disasters or emergencies that are caused by human actions or inaction. These
crises can include events such as oil spills, industrial accidents, and infrastructure failures. Human-made
crises can have a significant impact on the environment, economy, and people of the affected area. They
can cause damage to natural resources and infrastructure, disrupt economic activity, and put human
lives at risk. It is important for individuals and organizations to take steps to prevent human-made crises
and to be prepared to respond effectively in the event of one occurring.