Unit 1 Money-Free

(INPUT)B2 Reading: Read part of an employee handout regarding working with businesses in other countries. Underline
words of phrases you do not know.

(PRE-) Answer the following questions in pairs/groups.

1. Would you work abroad?

2. What kind of work do you think you could get in another country?

3. Do you know of anyone who is working abroad?

4. What kind of skills do you think companies are looking for in potential foreign workers?

5. Is language a key factor for working abroad?

(While)Like most companies in an increasingly globalised world, our firm does business with other firms abroad. Company
cultures vary worldwide, and it is important for delegates from our company to recognise how company culture overseas
might be different from our own. This document will give you a brief guide to company culture in the countries we associate
with.

Russia
Until recently, people and businesses were oppressed by the state and this has affected people’s attitudes. It is not
uncommon for laws to be ignored and taxes to go unpaid. In some cases, only contracts between close personal friends are
acknowledged. Therefore, networking is vital for successful business. Presently, the legal situation in Russia is in a state of
flux, with laws constantly being rewritten. Those that exist are often unenforceable. Most agreements are therefore made
on a trust basis, so it is vital that personal relationships do not break down. The management style is centralised and
directive. Too much debate can indicate a lack of decisiveness. Subordinates take orders from the ‘big boss’. Many
westerners see this as a lack of initiative on the part of middle managers, but in actual fact, middle managers have little
power. Most delays occur because the question has not been presented to actual decision-maker. However, things are
changing in Russia. The old regime is gradually being replaced by western business style, and younger managers will have a
much more modern approach than their older counterparts.

South Korea
South Korea is one of the world’s most successful economies, having seen five consecutive decades of high economic
growth. When faced with adversity, South Koreans change direction quickly and effectively. Despite the frantic economic
growth, South Korean society is still very conservative and conformist due to the influence of Confucian values. Companies
are hierarchical and regimented and ‘face’ is very much valued. Consequently, change can sometimes be slow and painful.
Managers are paternalistic, authoritative figures who expect their instructions to be carried out obediently and respectfully.
In return, they give their subordinates support and help, not only in work issues but in home issues as well. Group harmony
is important, so South Koreans avoid confrontation and blame, especially among people of equal rank. Friendship is
therefore vital to business success. The Korean saying 'make a friend first and a client second' sums this up exactly.

Australia
Australia has a relatively small population in relation to its vast size. Its geographic isolation and its small domestic market
mean that international trade is essential to guarantee future prosperity. Increasingly, this is done in countries in Asia rather
than Commonwealth countries. Australian managers are not considered to have superior status to other workers. Their jobs
are just different. Authoritative management styles are not appreciated among Australians workers. Instead, managers
adopt a more consultative and inclusive style which encourages open debate. Challenging superiors is acceptable, indeed it
is a sign of commitment and professionalism. Outsiders may consider such dialogues confrontational, but Australians regard
them as effective ways to communicate ideas. Australian managers like to be seen as ‘one of the boys’ and they are more
likely to socialise with their team than segregate themselves and just mix with other managers.

UK
In the last half century, Britain, like many industrialised countries, has moved away from heavy engineering towards service
and high-tech industries. With this has come a major shift in management style. Hierarchical systems have been swept aside
and replaced by modern business models, heavily influenced by the US. The ‘job for life’ is rare. Neither managers nor junior
workers expect to climb the corporate ladder within one company; rather, they manage their own career paths by
progressing from company to company. Such short-termism can be frustrating for outsiders. British managers tend to be
generalists rather than specialists, and are not necessarily the most technically competent person in the team. Instead, they
are expected to have the necessary interpersonal skills to ensure the team works together effectively. They cultivate a close
and humorous relationship with subordinates, which may be considered too soft. Giving direct orders can be seen as
impolite, so managers often make indirect requests rather than explicit instructions, which is sometimes confusing for non-
British people.

(POST-) Talking about Countries. Answer the following questions according to the reading.
1. Which country is being referred to in these statements? “The people I deal with keep moving on to new jobs.”

a. Russia b. South Korea c. Australia d. UK

2. “Unless you’re friends, they may not honour your agreement.”

a. Russia b. South Korea c. Australia d. UK

3. “It’s frustrating because the official regulations keep changing.”

a. Russia b. South Korea c. Australia d. UK

4. “Disagreements between colleagues are frowned upon.”

a. Russia b. South Korea c. Australia d. UK

5. “I thought the manager had the authority to make a decision, but it turned out that he didn’t.”

a. Russia b. South Korea c. Australia d. UK

6. “The manager and another member of staff had a huge disagreement in the meeting, and no-one seemed to care.”

a. Russia b. South Korea c. Australia d. UK

7. “They weren’t terribly charming – they just wanted to get on with making the deal.”

a. Russia b. South Korea c. Australia d. UK

8. “I expected the manager to have more technical knowledge than he actually did.”

a. Russia b. South Korea c. Australia d. UK

9. “I dealt with two companies in this country last year. One was really hierarchical, but the other was really modern.”

a. Russia b. South Korea c. Australia d. UK

10. “The manager kept asking me about my wife and children. I don’t know why it was so important to him.”

a. Russia b. South Korea c. Australia d. UK

11. “He has a PhD but he never refers to himself as a doctor.”

a. Russia b. South Korea c. Australia d. UK

12. “I thought that there’d be tariffs to pay, but the firm seemed quite content to overlook them.”

a. Russia b. South Korea c. Australia d. UK

13. “I didn’t realise I was expected to do it this way. I thought the manager was just offering a tip.”

a. Russia b. South Korea c. Australia d. UK

14. “The managers sat with the junior workers at lunch. I expected them to have their own table.”

a. Russia b. South Korea c. Australia d. UK

15. “The junior workers do what their boss wants them to do without question.”

a. Russia b. South Korea c. Australia d. UK

16. “I hoped the senior manager would be prepared to discuss the matter with me, but he refused to engage in any form of debate.”

a. Russia b. South Korea c. Australia d. UK

Video: 13 Years Living Off the Land Man Shares REAL Homestead Experience.mp4

(PRE-)Have you ever thought about giving up your city life for a country life?
I bit more than I can chew deal with the consequences functional idealistic nursery
homestead utopia envision
prioritize greenhouse the end result

(WHILE-) Watch the video and listen for the words/phrases presented before the video

(POST-) Discuss the following questions (work in pairs/groups)

1. What are some of the differences between a city life and a country life?
2. What things do people have to give up when they decide to move to a homestead?
3. Do people change after making a life change similar to what was presented in the video?

(PRACTICE)Workbook practice What Are Adverbial Phrases?

masterMind 2 Unit 01 Grammar 1.pptx
Adverbial phrase is the term for two or more words which play the role of an adverb. Look at these examples:
I will sit quietly.
(normal adverb)
I will sit in silence.
(adverbial phrase)

Adverb phrases made with prepositions

All kinds of adverb phrases can be made with prepositions. Here are some examples:

Type Adverb phrase Example

Manner with a hammer The carpenter hit the nail with a hammer.
Place next door The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
Time before the holidays We must finish our project before the holidays.
Frequency every month Jodie buys two CDs every month.
Purpose for his mother Jack bought the flowers for his mother.

Listening B1: Work–life balance – 1

Preparation task. Match the definitions (a–h) with the vocabulary (1–8).
Vocabulary Definition
1....... work–life balance a. best-selling book
2....... overtime b. giving the right amount of time to work and to the rest of your life
3....... a best-selling book c. an idea
4....... an advantage d. working more than your normal work hours
5....... a concept e. the ability to work from different places
6....... to fade f. a positive thing about something
7....... freedom g. to become less clear or visible
8....... mobility h. being free to do what you want
Choose the best answer.
1. How popular is Chris Svensson's book?
Not very popular Very popular It's new. People don't know it yet.
2. What is the work–life balance like in traditional workplaces?
Work lives and private lives are clearly divided. People are free to manage the balance themselves.
People work too much overtime and so they have no private life.
3. How often do people do overtime?
Often Sometimes They don't.
4. In traditional workplaces, do people work at weekends or when on holiday?
Yes, it's normal. Usually, they don't. No, never.
5. How has technology helped people work with more flexibility?
Their working hours can be easily tracked. Robots can do their work for them.
They can send and receive emails from their phones from home.
6. Traditional divisions between work and life are fading. What does this mean for employees?
Everyone has to do overtime, all the time. People have to work while they're on holiday.
They can be flexible to work when and where it suits them.

OUTPUT

Option A Write a short paragraph in favor or against moving out of the big city

Option B Write a short paragraph about the benefits or disadvantages ofmoving from ot the big city?

Option A Make a debate about moving out of the big city

Option B Make a debate about the benefits or disadvantages of living in the countryside?

Part 2 (INPUT)
What is Bartering?
(PRE-) barter reciprocal multilaterally lumber deflationary spiral
Bartering is the act of trading one good or service for another, without the exchange of money. A bartering
economy differs from a monetary economy is a variety of ways. The primary difference is that goods or services
are exchanged immediately, and the exchange is reciprocal, meaning it’s a fair trade, with each party getting the
thing they want or need in an even amount to what they are offering in exchange.
Uses of Bartering
Bartering is generally conducted directly between two parties; however, it may be done multilaterally through a
trade exchange. Developed countries generally don’t engage in barters unless they’re done in conjunction with the
standard monetary system of the country, and even then, it is only used in rare instances.
In times of monetary crisis or collapse, a barter system is often established as a means to continue the trading of
goods and services and to keep a country functioning. It may occur if physical money is simply not available, or if
a country sees hyperinflation or a deflationary spiral.
Advantages of Bartering
There are a number of reasons why a barter economy or being able to barter is beneficial. As mentioned above,
there may be times where cash is not readily available, but goods or services are. It is specifically true when
individuals barter, especially if they barter something that they already own or a service they can perform in
exchange for something they need from a business or another individual.
Bartering allows individuals to get what they need with what they already own. If, for example, an individual needs
lumber to put an addition onto their home but lacks funds to buy the lumber, then they may be able to use the barter
system to supply their needs – for example, perform a construction job for someone with lumber to spare.
Such a deal, of course, would need to be negotiated by both parties. In the end, the individual supplying lumber
gets a job done in exchange for lumber that he initially owned but didn’t need. The individual doing the
construction job gets the lumber he needs for his project. It is a reciprocal, mutually-beneficial arrangement that
didn’t involve the exchange of cash or another monetary medium (such as a credit card).
Disadvantages of Bartering
The problem with a barter economy is its inefficiency. The first potential problem is – using the example above –
the person seeking lumber may not be able to find a supplier of lumber who is in need of something the lumber
seeker can provide.
The second potential problem comes with trying to guarantee fair exchanges. How does one calculate, for example,
a fair exchange rate of eggs for a television set? A monetary economy makes the exchange of goods and services
more easily manageable.
(POST-) Discussion in pairs/groups or you can do a jigsaw puzzle activity
Q. What is barter?

Q. What are the advantages of a barter exchange?

Q. Why do businesses join a barter exchange?

Q. How does barter work within a barter exchange?

Q. What does it cost to join a barter exchange?

Q. How does a barter exchange make money?

Q. Are there any tax advantages to barter?

Q. What is barter?

A. Barter is a way of transacting business without the use of cash. You can buy what you need and pay for it with what you
have.

Q. What are the advantages of a barter exchange?

A. A barter exchange network provides businesses with a source for new clients and incremental business, expanding their
market beyond their cash-paying accounts. Barter also helps to conserve cash. Instead of spending cash to purchase goods
and services, businesses barter their own goods and services to pay for those things they need - leaving more cash in their
business and providing an increased cash flow. A Barter System puts idle resources to work. Excess time, inventory, and
capacity are converted into profits.

Q. Why do businesses join a barter exchange?

A. One-on-one trading is done daily between businesses. The problem with one-on-one trading is that each business owner
must need exactly what the other has to offer. In a barter network, everyone trades with everyone, even if they do not
want to take back directly what the other person has to offer. Trade dollars are credited to a trade account in the barter
exchange, which can then be spent on any item or service desired from within the network.

Q. How does barter work within a barter exchange?

A. Businesses sign a contract to join a barter exchange - agreeing to sell their products and services in exchange for Trade
Dollars, instead of cash to handle their transactions. For example, if a barter exchange member sells $1000 worth of
products to another member, they receive $1000 in Trade Dollars credited to their barter exchange account. These Trade
Dollars can then be used to purchase from the other trading clients within the barter network. The barter exchange is a
third-party record keeper, providing monthly statements, which reflects all barter purchases, sales, fees, and current trade
dollar balance.

Q. What does it cost to join a barter exchange?

A. There is a one-time membership investment and a modest monthly administrative fee.

Q. How does a barter exchange make money?

A. Typically, there is a 6 to 7% percent transaction fee on sales and purchases - representing a fee paid for generating
incremental sales for clients of the exchange network. Trade business provided is new business from new clients over and
above the member's normal cash business.

Q. Are there any tax advantages to barter?

A. There are no tax advantages or disadvantages to barter. The Internal Revenue Service considers barter income as the
same as cash income for tax purposes. Trading should be considered a marketing tool, not a tax tool. As with cash income,
however, trade purchases that are business related are also tax deductible. At the end of the year, a barter exchange totals
the barter sales of each member and submits this information to both the IRS and the client on 1099-B forms.

Practice..\Teachers\masterMind 2 Unit 1 SB audio track 1.04.mp3

Understanding Negative Questions
Negative questions
Contracted and uncontracted negative questions have different word order. Uncontracted negative questions are
usually used in a formal style.
 Aren’t you coming? (Contracted – auxiliary verb + n’t + subject)
 Doesn’t he understand? (Auxiliary verb + n’t + subject)
 Are you not coming? (Uncontracted – auxiliary verb + subject + not)
 Does he not understand? (Auxiliary verb + subject + not)
Two meanings
A negative question can have two different kinds of meanings. It can, for example, be used to ask for confirmation
of something you believe to be true.
 Didn’t you see Ann yesterday? How is she doing? (= I believe that you saw Ann yesterday.)
You may also express your opinions in a more polite way by changing them into negative questions.
 Wouldn’t it be nice to paint that wall green? (More polite than ‘It would be nice to paint that wall green.’)
A negative question can also be used to ask for confirmation of a negative belief. In this case the speaker is
surprised that something has not happened or is not happening.
 Hasn’t the postman come yet?
Polite requests, offers, complaints etc
Pressing offers and invitations often assume the form of negative questions. They usually begin Won’t you…?
Wouldn’t you…? or Why don’t you…?
 Wouldn’t you like something to drink?
 Why don’t you come and spend the evening with us?
In other cases we do not normally use a negative question to ask people to do things.
 Can you help me with my homework? (Ordinary question used as a request.)
masterMind 2 Unit 01 Grammar 2.pptx

Why do we ask negative questions?

Generally, a negative question is used to add emphasis or surprise. This is usually because we wish to suggest a
negative response, when the negative answer is already known or suspected. So while the answer may be applied to
both a positive and negative question, the context of the person asking the question can dictate which question is
asked.
A common example in English would be “Aren’t you going?” or variations of this form. Consider these two
examples:
“I need a lift to town, are you going to the cinema this evening?”
“It’s late, aren’t you going to the cinema this evening?”
The answer to both these questions might be “No, I’m not going, I have too much work.” – the contexts for the
questions are very different.
1. Is asked as an open question (we do not know the answer)
2. Is asked in the negative form because the speaker has reason to believe the answer will be negative (it is late so
going to the cinema is unlikely).
When is a negative question used?
a. To show surprise or doubt
b. In an exclamation
c. When you expect the listener to agree
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

Video: ..\Teachers\Inside Portland.mp4

(PRE-) Look up in your dictionary

counterculture urban farm sustainable natural foods mindboggling forage farmers market a free-spirited
person preconceptions breaking away from traditional economics amateurs

(While-) Student watch the video

(Post-) Discussion
1. Can the traditional economics be changed in El Salvador?
2. What does it take to implement a bartering system in our country?

Reading. You are going to read a magazine article about a young mother whose house was
burgled.(2 points for each question).For questions 1 –7, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.
Lisa Tyler was weary after a long, hard day at the pottery factory where she works. But as she approached her
home in the English city of Stoke-on-Trent, her heart lightened.; soon she would be having a nice cup of
tea, putting her feet up and watching Friends, her favourite TV series. But first, she needed to change out of her
work clothes and pick up her three-year-old son from his grandmother´s house nearby.
As Lisa walked up her garden path, she noticed a light flashing on and off in an upstairs bedroom. A
shiver went down her back. What if it was a burglar? Quietly, she crept round to the back of the house to see if
there was any sign of a break-in. Sure enough, a window was open and someone’s coat was hanging on the
gatepost!
Well, 26-year-old Lisa didn’t fancy coming face to face with a burglar, so she ran to a neighbour´s house and rang
the police. But as she sat waiting for the police to arrive, Lisa’s curiosity got the better of her and she
decided to go back and see what was going on. That’s when she saw a leg coming out of the downstairs front
window. It was a man climbing out. Lisa gasped in shock. The burglar was carrying her portable television!
At this point, Lisa saw red. She didn’t have many possessions and she’d saved long and hard to buy that set.
Besides, nobody was going to stop her watching Friends.” Oh, no you don’t, ‟ she muttered under her breath, as
the fury swelled inside her. Without even stopping to think, she tore across the garden and started shouting at the
burglar. „Give me my TV -drop it now!” she screamed.
Ignoring her, the man fled across the garden. So Lisa threw herself at him and successfully rugby-tackled him to
the ground. The burglar struggled to escape, but Lisa hung on like the best kind of guard dog despite being
punched and kicked. As she looked up, she realised that she recognized the burglar’s face. She was so surprised
that she lost her grip and burglar got away, leaving the TV behind in the garden.
By the time the police and her father arrived, Lisa was in tears. ‟I can’t believe you were so foolish, Lisa,' scolded
her father. „You could have been killed.” „ I know, but at least he didn’t get my TV, ‟ she replied.
Lisa later remembered the name of the burglar, who had been in the same year as her at school. He was later
caught and jailed for 15 months after admitting burglary and assault. In May last year, Lisa was given a
Certificate of Appreciation by Staffordshire Police, for her „outstanding courage and public action‟. But in
the future she intends to leave household security to a new member of her family, Chan, who is real guard dog.
1. How was Lisa feeling as she walked home from work?
A. tired B. anxious C. depressed D. relieved
2. What does „pick up‟ mean in line 5?
A. contact B. visit C. collect D. check
3. What first led Lisa to think there was a burglar in her house?
A. Something had been broken. B. Something had been left outside.
C. Something was in the wrong place. D. Something was moving inside.
4. Why didn’t Lisa wait in her neighbor's until the police arrived?
A. She was worried about losing her television. B. She wanted to k now what was happening.
C. She noticed something from her neighbor's window. D. She realised that the burglar was leaving.
5. What does “Lisa saw red” (line 16) mean?
A. She got impatient. B. She felt frightened. C. She got angry. D She felt brave.
6. What happened when Lisa shouted at the burglar?
A. He tried to explain why he was there. B. He fell over as he ran towards her.
C. He pretended not to have heard her. D. He dropped the TV and attacked her.
7. What did Lisa´s father do when he arrived?
A. He told her off. B. He comforted her. C. He praised her. D. He argued with

Video: masterMind 2 Unit 1 video.mp4

 Listening: ..\Teachers\Dan-Location.mp3
Listening. Where to work in Asia / Dan, and American ex-pat (a person taking up residency in another country), talks
about nice places to work from or run a company in Asia.
Answer these questions about the interview (more than one answer is possible).

1) He likes the Philippines for _____.

a) its beaches b) its costs c) its English

2) Bangkok is good for _____.

a) food b) connectivity c) nightlife

3) Nha Trang is _____.

a) secluded b) off the beaten path c) lively

4) China is good if you _____.

a) are business focused b) are low on funds c) need a factory

5) Shaman is nice because it is _____.

a) like Taipei b) very green c) a big city

OUTPUT
Writing Skill (Writing a proposal)
Situation: Customer calls to our helpline are currently answered by an assistant who asks the customer if they are calling to
report a new problem or to check the status of a previously reported issue. If the customer is calling about a previously
reported issue, the assistant asks the customer for the Incident ID #. The assistant then places the customer on hold, calls a
customer service representative, advises the representative of the reason for the call (new problem or Incident ID #), and
transfers the caller.

Proposed Solution: The role of the assistant who answers the call could easily be replaced by an automated system, which
would allow the customer to press 1 for a new problem or 2 for a previously reported issue. If the customer pressed 2, they
would be prompted to enter their Incident ID #. The caller would then be routed to a customer service representative, along
with the Incident ID #, if applicable, which would be passed along via the phone system.

Steps Involved:

1 Purchase a new phone routing system that would allow these capabilities.
2 Program and test the new routing system.
3 Convert Incident ID #s from a combination of letters and numbers to numbers only.
4 Communicate the new workflow to customer service representatives.
Benefits:

● The new process would eliminate the need for assistants to answer customer calls, freeing them up for other tasks.
Each assistant typically answers 30 calls per day. At an average of 42 seconds per call, this would give each assistant
an additional 21 minutes per day.
● Customer service would be enhanced, as the first voice that would greet the customer would be that of the
customer service representative who will ultimately assist them.
Potential Obstacles:

● The cost of the new phone routing system (approximately $700 dollars). This cost would be miniscule compared
with the savings over time associated with the additional capacity of the assistants.
● The time associated with programming and testing and developing the new ID system (48 total man-hours). Again,
the time saved by implementing the new procedure would more than make up for this initial investment.
● Resistance of customers who do not prefer dealing with an automated system. No solution is going to please every
customer, but most consumers today expect to be greeted with an automated system when calling a business. One
option is to allow customers to press 0 if they’re unsure how to answer the automated questions.
● Customer service issues with early callers whose ID # still contains numbers and letters. The above solution
concerning the 0 option would eliminate this problem as well.
Task: Find a problem in your school or neighborhood that needs improvement. Write a proposal how to fix it

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