Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

Province of Laguna

COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES

Title Proposal
Proponent/Researcher: 3BS-05- JUSTINE L. SAN JUAN

Project Title: Plastic Bottle Trading Machine

Plastic pollution is a critical global challenge that is an uncontrollable threat to

living and nonliving things. As mentioned by Iroegbu, Ray, Mbarane, Bordado, &
Sardinha(2021). Plastic pollution, which includes macro, micro, and nano plastic
trash, is the entrance or invasion of plastic materials into an environment, either
directly or indirectly through deterioration processes.

According to Ragossnig and Agamuthu (2021), one of the major challenges

confronting waste managers today is plastic waste. This is not only due to the large
amount of plastic waste generated. but also because of built-in material properties
such as durability, low density, and non-degradability. A total of 318 million tonnes of
plastic resin are produced each year. every year, a large portion of which directly
contributes to the 218 million tonnes of annual solid plastic waste generated as a
result of solid municipal waste. The global average recycling rate for plastic is only
15%, while roughly 40% (90 million tonnes per year) is mismanaged and eventually
leaked into the environment through littering, stormwater washouts, and other
means. Plastic waste is estimated to be burned openly 50 million tonnes per year,
with 10 million tonnes entering the oceans' aquatic environment. Approximately 90%
Introduction
of the plastics entering the oceans come from land-based sources (SYSTEMIQ & PEW
Charitable Trust, 2020; Lau et al., 2020).

The relatively few measurements of waste generation, characterization, and

collection and disposal, especially outside of urban areas. Even when data was
available, methodologies were not always consistent, and some activities included
illegal dumping (even in high-income countries) and sporadic recycling or other
informal waste collection (especially in low-income countries). In addition, did not
address international import and export waste, which would have an impact on
national estimates but not global totals. Despite the fact that national estimates are
somewhat sensitive to the model's prediction, the global proportion of mismanaged
waste top country estimates and rankings are not available. Long-term forecasts are
also affected by the model predicting the growth of plastic in the waste stream.
Incorporating the economic cost of implementation, as well as sociocultural,
environmental, and other factors influencing infrastructure development or
behavioral change, would improve the evaluation of mitigation strategies. (Jambeck
et al., 2015).

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 Behavioral advantages offer a different strategy to encourage mitigation efforts.
These advantages go well beyond simple economic value and may even be
psychological. There is widespread knowledge that behavioral benefits are tightly
related. with a person's personal objectives, which are classified into three
categories: (1) hedonic objectives (e.g., avoiding effort, gaining pleasure); (2) attain
objectives (e.g., money and social status); and (3) normative objectives (doing what is
right, normative, or appropriate). When mitigation efforts are motivated, they are
more likely to consistently bring about positive behavioral changes in two or all three
goals. Recycling plastic trash, for instance, might result in behavioral advantages
through evoking favorable emotions also known as using the environmental "warm-
glow" to inspire people with behavioral measures to reduce risk.

As a result of repulsive people who throw garbage everywhere, it is difficult for

people and volunteers to collect plastic waste. According to the research of Jia, L.,
Evans, S., & Linden, S. van der. (2019), the cause of the flood is primarily the fault of
people who do not properly dispose of the trash, and the majority of the litter is
plastic, which causes floods and ocean pollution.

The plastic bottle trading machine will help to reduce litter in the surrounding
areas due to the continuous increase in litter that causes flooding. What makes this
prototype unique is that it will also be useful to people because each bottle that can
be put in the machine will produce something in return.

The study states that plastic waste is one of the major challenges confronting
waste managers today. They are struggling as a result of the ongoing increase in
plastic waste in various locations, and as a result of repulsive people who throw
garbage everywhere, it is difficult for volunteers to collect plastic waste because it is
Statement of the costly and time-consuming.
Problem

As a result, the researcher would like to implement a trading machine that

produces something in return. This machine will help to reduce the plastic waste that
accumulates in the oceans and it also benefits the technopreneurs.

Objective of the Study This research aims to reduce the amount of plastic trash by utilizing an automatic
trading machine, which will assist in preventing water pollution and floods. trading
machines are designed to accept scrap materials like plastic bottles and give
monetary benefits in return.

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 Specifically, this study sought to find out the following:

1.) To develop a new idea for technopreneurs

2.) To have a flexible system to adjust in the future;

a. ) Functionality of the system

b.) data management

In this proposal, there were three main points focused on namely: 1.) design and
development of the system 2.) system testing 3.) end-user testing. The proposal has
its scope and sets limitations in terms of investigation, content and methodology to
name a few. The following are the scope of the study:

● The study would also include an explication of the technological features in

the design and development of the web and mobile application by showing
use case diagrams, data dictionaries and other supporting documents.

● The study will also indicate a composition of qualitative and quantitative

research methods. Obtaining qualitative data will be convenient in the design
and development of the system and the quantitative data will be essential in
the end-user testing.

Scope and Limitation ● The concept of Trading machine system will be conducted by some IT experts
of the Study and will also be demonstrated in the study. Also, a technology gap analysis
will be conducted to evaluate and attach to the current state of technology
by way of thorough online research.

● The prior investigation has led the researchers to propose a trading machine
is focusing on two main features which are (1) To help the technopreneurs/
to be profitable(2) To lessen plastic waste

the study still has its limitations:

● The study cannot quickly stop plastic waste but it can help to minimize it.

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Review of Literatures The researchers collected the information that are greatly related to the study. These
and Related Systems related studies and literature are compiled in this section as a basis in the
development of the system. Related studies and projects are listed below in thematic
order:

Theme 1: Wifi vendo machine

According to the study of Ratnasri, Nilani (2021) The vending machine can be
categorized into product-oriented and service-oriented machines. It distributes
snacks, beverages, public transit tickets, jewelry, telephone facility,
entertainment things, and etc. As it has many benefits, such as, manpower is not
needed, flexibility in time, saving time,reducing labor cost, increasing profitability,
and etc. Therefore, vending machines are used commonly worldwide.

Theme 2: Coffee Vendo machine

For the purpose of testing usability, we employed a heuristic walkthrough (Sears

1997), an expert-based technique that combines a heuristic evaluation (Nielsen &
Molich 1990) with components of a cognitive walkthrough (Wharton et al. 1994). The
heuristic walkthrough is carried out in two stages. In the first, task-oriented review, a
usability expert explores the product from the perspective of the user using typical
usage scenarios. In a subsequent stage, the device is also examined using a
predetermined set of usability criteria. User interviews and observational research
were added to the basic data collection process. Not only were usability issues to be
found, but also good, user-friendly solutions to common chores on coffee vending
machines (such buying a cup of coffee customized to one's preferences) were sought
after.

Theme 3: QR code scanner

Denso Wave Incorporated created quick response (QR) codes in 1994 as two-
dimensional, machine-readable matrix barcodes for quick and accurate inventory
checks. Unlike traditional one-dimensional bar codes, which can only store
information horizontally, QR codes can store data both vertically and horizontally.

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According to Larkin, QR codes offer the best tracking and traceability capabilities.
Various code reader applications and software can track various codes. It is very
simple for marketers to determine the precise number of code scans per day or per
month, the type of device such as a mobile phone, laptop, or other device that was
used to scan the QR code, the time the scan was executed, how long the user spent
on the website, and the location of each customer. Marketers can determine what
products to sell and how to modify them with the use of such information. Hossain,
Zhou, & Rahman(2018).

In this section, the proponents will discuss the current state of technology and
project related to the research topic

Related Project:

Figure 1: Reverse vending machine for managing plastic waste

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 The idea is focused on reducing the size of "used" plastic bottles is the task of this
scrap crusher. Reducing the size of "used" plastic bottles has two main advantages:
(1) less room is needed to keep the plastic trash before it is eventually disposed of by
the municipal corporation; and (2) less energy is needed to recycle crushed plastic
garbage.

Figure 2. The Project AGOS Design

Conceptual Framework

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 Initiali
zation

Design and Plastic Bottle End-user

development of Trading
the system Machine testing

Syste
m
testing

Figure 3. Conceptual Framework of Municipal Emergency Response Management Information System for the
Municipality of Santa Cruz Laguna

The conceptual framework of the study illustrates how the research will be
conducted. The framework reflects the research objectives and activities to be
conducted.

Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats

● It is easy to use, ● Implementation is ● Technological ● Competitors

SWOT ANALYSIS eco friendly and expensive advances
profitable. ● Maintenance ● It is an emerging
● Small trend
● Unreliable service
management

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 1. Ragossnig, A. M., & Agamuthu, P. (2021). Plastic waste: Challenges and
opportunities. Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable
Circular Economy, 39(5), 629–630. doi:10.1177/0734242x211013428

2. Jambeck, J. R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T. R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., …
Law, K. L. (2015). Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science,
347(6223), 768–771. doi:10.1126/science.1260352

3. Iroegbu, A. O. C., Ray, S. S., Mbarane, V., Bordado, J. C., & Sardinha, J. P. (2021).
Plastic Pollution: A Perspective on Matters Arising: Challenges and
Opportunities. ACS Omega, 6(30), 19343–19355.
doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c02760

4. Jia, L., Evans, S., & Linden, S. van der. (2019). Motivating actions to mitigate
References plastic pollution. Nature Communications, 10(1). doi:10.1038/s41467-019-
12666-9

5. Sambhi, S., & Dahiya, P. (2020). Reverse vending machine for managing plastic
waste. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and
Management. doi:10.1007/s13198-020-00967-y

6. Nilani Ratnasri, Tharga Sharmilan (2021). Vending machine technologies: A

Review article.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357577286_Vending_Machine_Tec
hnologies_A_Review_Article
7. Schneidermeier, T., Burghardt, M., & Wolff, C. (2013). Design Guidelines for
Coffee Vending Machines. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 432–440.
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39253-5_48
8. Hossain, M. S., Zhou, X., & Rahman, M. F. (2018). Examining the impact of QR
codes on purchase intention and customer satisfaction on the basis of
perceived flow. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 10,
184797901881232. doi:10.1177/1847979018812323

Prepared by:

Mia V. Villarica

Form 2