LNo.

15- a7bon An Igpatunt Element

SeleCthe roper ophion_dnd Compleke the statements

carbon dtom toYms d covd lent bondwith the other dtoms

In this bond the two atems shaye eleckrons

All
2 the carben bends in a sahuratkd hydrocaben shune cleckran.

At least 6ne cabon bond in an unsaturated hydrocarbon

is mulkile

Camhon is the essential element in allthe orag nic ovmpsuned

5 The element hudroaen is present in mestaradnic empound

Gompleke he follouwinq Chemical eations

7 o t2H,0+ Heut
(H4 + 202 ( +2H,0 Heat
2
CH CI+HC
CH C1, CH C H
2NaoH t (o
2 NaoH + (oa7 t s 4 Na lo*Ho

mswey the folousinq stateents

 Why
y are
ae Cgrben and its (ompaund used a fuelsuels ?{
Ans Fuels ae classiied on the basis af theiz physita stak
as bllos stak
Solid fyels Nood CH0,)n
(oal -caybon
-(ellulese
(oke- caibon
liquid fyels Ferosene - caTban ethanol-(aYbon12etrol
Jise-catbon
haseous fuels methaneCarbsn
LPG)- butane- isobutane natuu liquehedpeBroleum qas
C o+
gas- methane, wdter
gas H)producET qds - (o .Above dll hels dTe
Combustible Carbon tompounds dnd tontuin
there fore, Curbon and tovnbustble cnban
its Compounds ae used as uels.
2 Wrik the uses oT diumonds
Ans Uses
uses of diamonds qre
Diamonds are used in alass Cutinq and rock drillinq etthnt-
machines
Diamends de ysed in ornaments
Diamonds knives are used in he
eye sur aYy
Diamond dust in isused or polishinq other
Diamond is used to make uindows diamonds.
in
ivincg mokchion trom
adiaion SpaCe cdnd in
dtHheal sdtellitess.
3. In which compaund torms does cavban ocUY
Ans Carben n the fvee staBe in tound as
diuman dnd gaphikeand
in the_
Combines State in the totm ot Caroetes tollowing
Compounds
As Tbon dioxide _and in he torm toym of curbonates_such as
cdluim caYbonuk, ma*ble, calamine (Zn (o)
Fossi fuel Coal, petoleum natiral aas
Carbona ceous nutrients - Cabohydrdkes, protiens fubs.
tibres-(oton, woosilk.
Natural
 elasSMALe
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Explain the ditference -

Diamond dnd qraphite

DiamondL ruphites

Diamond is biliant,hur Graphie is black, set_botle

and rystalline all otrope of
Caben
2 n oliamand s, very caben
atom is bonded to fsur
neiahbeurinq atoms by
ovalent bends foYmin-
tetraaenal three dimensisndal
Struckune which makes it
veT h4ro
i each other sn appluingpmesSuIe
3
Density of ciameand.is
3:54lem
Didmenc is a had fonduckor
of electaiáhy as it does
not have free eledoons.
nd slippemy cystaline dlotrpe
of caben-
2 Tn aaphike every caybon dbm
i s bonde three ther crbon
dtoms by tovalent bonds in
Suchaway /thata hexagonal
layerestnucure is foimed A
graghiteCnstul is madef
many such ayeYS:o tatben
atomszahis cldiyers slip over
Density eamphike.is
9 2.3 lom
i Insde eachalayer af grephik
tyeeelectronsmoNe ntinuas.lk
wimin theentirei laysr:vHence
axahiisc ood Gduer
f eleckricik

ystalline an non- cstalline forms of_Carbon

staline. hams_at aybon Non -ustalline forms.iaf

CAYbonid

A gsa|line form h4s a 1equle | : Anon-trystulline. toym does

 and detinite aYTaraRment
of atoms
Thty have hian meling
Points and builing points.
3 A(stullint foim ha a
dekinie aeom evial shape,
sharp edaes and pane
SurfaLes
Diamend gaphiBe and fullence
and ditkrent (rus talline
r m ot aYbon
not have a Tegulai and def
dTYdnqe ment_oF atoms
2 hey hav lou melinq
d boiling oins
onts d nhot oin
Srope
3 They aYeamoYphoUs hence
th donot have de inite
geometoicc! shape-
4Coal charo and oke
d7e diffe1ent non (rysuling
amorphous forms f arben.

WviteWvite scientiic Tecsons

Graphite is a onducr f electriih

msTTaphike js a qoocl ondutor o eleckridhy because there are
e e eletkrons p esent betueen its lauers.
2These free eleckyons mave tonnuously uithin the et're layer
dnd thus lead Londution ot elecrict

2 Graphite 's net used in otnaments

Fns TYaphie is not. used in mekingtnaments because t is set,
nviHtle ond slippery
2tannot be msulded ihe apld and silver and neither does
tgassess dnd lusture whlch i t a desi red charalevisics

in jeuelleyg.

3 Limeuaher uins milky (oa is passed though it

when CsYbon dioxide ga is pssed threuahime wajer, it
ms
milky due to the formotienof cduim celYbnate.
 blogas is dn eCo-fiendly fue.
Bioga1S eo-iendly fuel because itE helps to reduce the
an

qreenhoUs e gas emissions dnd our dependenty on tossil els

i s produedl from deomposition otsrqanic mater, thus
is an efe{ve uway at dispasal of_oqanic waste
3 +buTns instantaneously and does not pdueanyi5oli
waste

Hene jt 1s an eco- tiendly.

Explain he follewing

. Didmond, graphite anc tullerenes dre crystulline forms ot

aTbon
Hns Didmond, gmph1te dnel fullerenes áre ustlline form of

CATbon
2:heyae allobopes of. cqTbon.ank this properhy ot 7bon i s
kYmed as dllstropy
hest Crystalline oTms f cdrbon have aL reaula anel
definitgeometnical shape, sharpedaes dnd plane Surtaces.

2 Methaneiscallecdi matsh gas

PnsMethane is alledmarsh gas because it is founel at the
Sumface of marshy places(a ype otwetland,d n s t e dof
land where waleY Coversground tor lony periods of time
whidh are
which dre usually- treelessand is domlnaec by grasses
and her baceousplants)
3
Retrol diesel, cod 4Te fessil fuels
Ans Yebrodieselcoaldrefossil fuels because they aree
fuelspbtalned fyom fessils suuhds. dead sed ganis ms,-
ead plants and animals e k is knouwn ds foss i tuelThey
ar fermed rom the deadremains f ivingganisms,
 for mi
both aaudtic and krresttial,which have been buried
of year under the ground
ses ot various llotropes of cagbon:

Alletropes ef Dsesof dllohropes

Carbon

Diamond used in alass uttinq and rodk dailling

machines
used in orndments
didmond knives, dre used in he: eye suntu
diamond_dust is used for polishing.other
dddmonds
used p mdke _windows _aivingprolechion
romradiahion inispaceand inarhhdat
salellitesS
GY
2: Graphite usedfoY makinq Aubricants. i i
used tor making arbon eleckrodes
usecd in
penils for wiing
usec inaints.and polish
usesl in dTC lamps uwhich give a very-
right light
3 fullerene use ds insulators
use ds a cdtdlyst in waker punihcaion.

4 Coke used as tucl in tactoyies dnd homes

uSed to obtain coe,Cadl g45 anc Cadl tua.
L used inthermal pauer-plants. for generatior
of eleckrit
 5 Loal used as fuel in. futories dnd homnes
used to oblain_oke coal gas dn codl

usee in thermal power plants for

gene rationof electriihy
5 se of (o in hre ehtinguisher
ms i s used, in Hre ektinquishers for vaalous Tedsonsi but the
main eason_is hat the ctoon dioxide gas displaces the
Oxygen thats neccssary to maintain ombushion Imeans
that it uts of the supply ofoxygenuhich uis nequired for
combustion and also it has a cooling effect-uwhen it isS
Teleased under hiah pressure Otherusesot caroonidioxide
in kre exinguishers is
Ttdoes not Conduct electriity thus makinq it an ldedi fre
suppressant for use in elecivial instrunents liseCempukrs

t_does net creake any.txk r other bypodutks when use

tD supress d tHTe

6 Prachical uses ot C a
ms rachicals. uses of o2 are
is usel for qettingspecial eftecks ot amist in dremds
and movies
2 +is used to make deraled dinks
lid carbon dioxlde is used in _cole storaqe anddlsol to
Keep milb dnd milk producs dnd trozen substances ceol dyring
ranspert a
liquld (o is sedaSsolvent in medern eca- iendlydry

5Ccleanlng
_bained by chemical reation o kept under p1essure is
useinAireexbnquishers
 6
Ylants se i n gir for phetosynthesis

w r i e two phusical preperties edth:

Diamond
fms hysical properties of diamond.
t i s the hardest naturdly occuring substance.
2 re diamore is colourless, tTans paTent,but britle. sold.

Char cod
Hns
Physical mmpertes of chatcod
Stis c highly potous ane bitHe muerid.
3:tis d bad ondutor of heat and eleckricihy
3 Fullerene
AnsPhysical pepertes of ullerene
They exist in the torm of, buckybdlls and buckytu bes.
They are made up of 60 atoms

I
YIL Write answers to the tollowing in detai

what qre the

difeTent tupes t odlwhat are thei uses
Ans he different types of codqre
Peet t is the rst stp o cod tormahionTt.has waler
Content and less than Go carbon ontent
Lianite Linite is a transformed torm entpeat and has
around 5 25:1 of arbon onkent.isalew qualit brow
Col wlth Very e percentaae otarbon init. sts
howeverused in the qenemttion ateledki
zitu mi nous t is the most tommanly found VarieA
anl in ndia 3bitumi nous andnas d Carbon ontentaf
10-40 I t is used for almost al.dailyrequiremen
 clASSMÁLE

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of Co cod tound
Anthracitk t is the best known variety ot 80°2
than
i nIndia thus a LAYbon Content_ot more
which makes it suitable for iron smelting

2 Hou will youprove experimentdlly thut guphike isgao

Conductor o eleckriit
Ans Graphitt is agoed .conductor afE electriuty_Can be proved
TequireSome
ren e fullowing experiment We woulel
appardus-pentil, eleckrical wires, baHerycell,smdll bulb.
Se uphe appurat4s as show in: fiquTe

If he bulb lous on ctuchinq the clips to bsth the ends

of the gmuphite in he penil,it medns thut qraphite condu ts
electriqhyIfthe bulb eloes not alow itmeanshat graphite
dees not (ondutt electriity.

ExNlain the propeties of Carpon

ns CarboncEhibits AllotTopy xists in-more thun.ane toT m
he chemicalprsperties ofthesevediferent fbms dre the
Same but thelr physîal preperties..dre diffexent
2 Carbon allebraphshawe bwa fatm Cystdlline m an
morphgus torm
ryslline. foym
G) h a s a reqular. and el detirnt aranqtmentat dtom
TheyThe ha high melinqand boiling peints
C AChstalihe form has a definik gesmetical Shapeshrp edges
and plane surfaces
L) (arbon has hree

Non- astallIne Am
 mn
n i s tor
n
he * aYrdngements st atbon oms are not Teqular.
fa: Coal, charcodl
d Classins CaThon
Ams Carban exhibits allotepyand it has w forms oystallie
and anmer phous
aysta lline form CArban has three C7ystal]Nne dlotropes
Diamond iGraghite GTD Fullerene
2: Amorphav's tom
G)Coal C1) Peat ignile (3) Bituminous
l4 Anthrai tt
RCharcoal i ke

Houu will you verify themoperties of: eTbon dioxi de

Pns. when a burnin Candle is latedina alass Ycontinina4
Curbon-dioxi de t h e plane extinquishes
therefore i t shaws thst-
suports byning.
Carben dioxide neithez burns nor
dioxide is pissed through fresh lime waky
2 when carbon
white_pre Cipitake of. cdluim cavbonake
is. formed lue to
milk, -brom this test. the existence s
which lime waer turns
CeYbon_dioxtde s easily idenhhes
blue Ana î e d lltmus are addedto
cu
moistened
when
dioxide, blue limus turns xed Tem this
aas aY ot Carbon
that Co2 is an dddic hawever,here
Confirmesl
it is observed in mais tened res litmus.
no chunge
chung