READINGS IN PH HISTORY A.Y.
2022-2023
LESSON 2.1: FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD
BY MAGELLAN
 Antonio Pigafetta - chronicler commissioned by the
King of Spain to accompany a voyage intended to
expand the Spanish Empire
 Born in Vicenza in 1492
 An Italian seafarer and geographer
 Ferdinand Magellan – Portuguese explorer who
sailed under Spain to reach Moluccas without crossing
Portuguese territory
 Proposed route to Moluccas by sailing west and
through an Atlantic passage to the Pacific could
be found.
 Discovered Philippines (named it Archipelago
of St. Lazarus)
 Introduced Christianity in the Philippines.
 On September 29, 1519 he started his voyage
 Arrived in the Philippines in March 16, 1521
 Ladrones Island (Modern day Guam) –
Thieves’ Island
 Zamal - present day Samar
- They arrived at daybreak in sight of High
Island in March 16, 1521.
 March 18, 1521 – Magellan and his troops saw a boat
come towards them with nine men.
 Magellan were welcomed them with foods,
drinks, red caps, looking glasses, combs, bells,
ivory, and other things
 Pigafetta characterized the people as “very
familiar and friendly”
 The people presented the team of Magellan with
fish, and a vessel of palm wine (Uraca), and
figs.
 They made signs that in four days, they would
bring Umai (rice), cocos, and many other
victuals.
 Cochi – fruit which the palm trees bear;
coconut; fruit of tree of life
 Palmito – a hole in the summit of palm trees
where liquor comes out.
 March 22, 1521 - Troops who visited Magellan
returned at midday.
 They gave cochi, sweet oranges, a vessel of
palm wine, and a cock (chicken).
 March 25, 1521 – Monday of passion week
 Antonio Pigafetta went on the other side of the
ship to fish.
 They passed four small island – (1) Cenalo, (2)
1
Huinanghar, (3) Ibusson, and (4) Abarien.
 March 28, 1521 – They saw 2 ballanghai full of people
in Mazzava/Mazzaua
 Ballanghai – long boats; oldest watercraft
found in the Philippines
 Magellan and the king of balangay exchanged
gifts and expressed their desire to become
brothers.
 Animism – the religious belief that objects,
places, and creatures all possess a distinct
spiritual essence.
LESSON 2.2: CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOGS
 Juan de Plasencia, O.S.F – Writer Los Costumbres
de los Indios Tagalos de Filipinas
 Born to the illustrious family of Portocarreros
in Plasensia in the region of Extremadura,
Spain in the early 16th Century.
 One of the seven children of Pedro
Portocarrero (a captain schooner)
 Grew up during the Siglo de Oro (Golden Age
when arts and literature flourished)
 Fray Joan de Puerto Carrero, del Convent de
Villanueva de la Serena (his real name)
 Barangay – tribal gathering in Tagalog
 Ruled by a chief which consist of hundred
houses, or less than thirty.
 Derived from balangay (sailboats that brought
settlers of Malay stock to the Philippines)
 Was a family of parent, children, relations and
slaves.
 There were many of these barangays in each
town.
 Datos – highest rank a person can have
 Chief or leader who governed a barangay.
 Serves as the captain
 One whom the people in barangay take orders
with
 Maharlica – the nobles
 Second highest rank next to the Dato
 Does not need to pay taxes but they must
showed themselves and offer help to the Datu if
they been summoned.
 Must accompany the Datu in times of war or to
attack another village
 Have the right to have/own a slave.
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READINGS IN PH HISTORY A.Y. 2022-2023
 child he was half free and half slave.
 Commoner – called as Aliping Namamahay
 Married and serve there master whether he be a
Dato or not.
 Serve their master in his cultivated lands.
 Must accompanied him whenever he went.
 They can live in their own houses and they have
their own property and gold.
 Their children can inherit the property and gold
and also can enjoy the rank of their fathers.
 Slaves – Aliping Guiguilir or Aliping sagigilid
 Lowest rank among classes
 Have no rights and they can be solved/sold
 They serve their master in his house and
cultivated his lands
 They receive a portion of their harvest if their
master see them that they deserve it.
 If any person among those who were made
slaves through war, trade by a gold-smith or
happened to possess any gold beyond the sum
that he had to give his master, he can ransom
himself and becoming Aliping Namamahay
 The price of the ransom are not less than 5
taels and if he gave 10 taels or more he might
become wholly free
 Commoner – called as Aliping Namamahay
 Married and serve there master whether he be a
Dato or not.
OTHER RULES AND TECHNECALITIES
 Maharlicas on both the father’s and mother’s side
continue to be so forever; and if it happens they
should become slaves, it is through marriage.
 If a maharlica had children among their slaves, the
children and their mother became free
 If a maharlica had children by the slave-woman of
another, she was compelled, when pregnant, to give
2
her master half of a tael gold.
 If a free woman had children by a slave, they were all
free, provided he were not her husband
 If two persons married, of whome one was a
maharlica and the other a slave, the children are
divided. (Father – 1st, 3rd, 5th ; Mother – 2nd, 4th, 6th)
 If there should not be more than one child, he was half
free and half slave.
 If there were an odd number of children, the odd one
was half free and half slave.
 Maharlicas could not, after marriage, move from one
village or barangay to another without paying a certain
fine in gold.
 Failure to pay the fine might result in a war between
the barangay which the person left and the one which
he entered.
 Investigations made and sentences passed by the
dato must take place in the presence of those in his
barangay.
 They had laws by which they condemned to death a
man of low birth who insulted the daughter or wife of a
chief.
 Witches were killed and their children and
accomplices became slaves.
INHERITANCE
 The legitimate children of father and mother inherited
equally, except when in the case where the father and
mother showed a slight partiality by such gifts as two
or three taels, or perhaps jewels
 When the parents gave a dowry to any son, and, when
in order to marry him to a chief’s daughter, the dowry
was greater than the sum given to other sons, the
excess was not counted in the whole property to be
divided.
 Dowries are given by men to the women’s parents
before marriage.
 In case of divorce before the birth of children, if the
wife left the husband for the purpose of marrying
another, all her dowry and an equal additional amount
fell to the husband.
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
 In the past they worship a supreme being called
“Bathala”
 Believe to be the maker of all things.
 They also worshipped the Sun, Moon, and other
stars
 They haven’t established the division of years,
months, and days. They determine the year by
cultivation of soil, counted the moon and
different effects of trees when yielding fruits,
flowers, and leaves.
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READINGS IN PH HISTORY A.Y. 2022-2023 3

 They paid reverence to the crocodiles or buaya
 They gave offerings of animal portion which
they throw on the water.
 They believed in Heaven (Maca) and Hell
(Casanaan)
 They bury the deceased either at their porch or beside
their house.
was highly observed from the 17th to 19th century
 Limasawa Island – the accounts of Pigafetta jointly
read with Francisco Albo’s diary showed that
Magellan’s expedition did not reach Mindanao when
they landed in Homonhon.
 They have settled in an island in a latitude
similar to the position of Limasawa today.

LESSON 2.3: KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN

 Emilio Jacinto – close friend and adviser of Andres

Bonifacio
 Writer of Kartilya ng Katipunan

 Kartilya ng Katipunan – Originally written by Andres

Bonifacio and called it the Decalogue
 Original version has 14 paragraphs
 It is the primer to indoctrinate the members of
KKK.

 Ang Buhay na hind

LESSON 2.4: DECLARATION OF THE PHILIPPINE

INDEPENDENCE


LESSON 3.1: SITE OF THE FIRST MAP

 Antonio Pigafetta – Writer of The First Voyage

Around the World
 “The captain introduce to the kings the Cross”
 Mazzava – place where the cross were given.

 Francisco Albo – accompanied Ferdinand Magellan

in his expedition.
 Follows the account of Pigafetta where they
planted a Cross in Mazzava.
 In Albo’s account, the location of Mazava fits the
location of the island of Limasawa, at the
southern tip of Leyte

 Masao, Butuan – claim is based on a tradition that

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