HELPFUL GRAMMAR HINTS

The verb to lie means to rest or recline. The forms are lie, lay,
lain and laying.

The verb to sit means to occupy a seat or position. The forms are
sit, sat, sat, and sitting.

The verb to set meant to place. The forms are set, set, set, and
setting.

The verb to rise means to move upward. The forms are rise, rose,
risen and rising.

The verb to raise means to lift something up. The forms are raise,
raised, raised and raising.

The pronouns each, either, and neither are singular. Also use a
singular verb when every or each modifies a compound subject.

Use the subjective mood for a condition contrary to fact. Following

an indirect quotation, use should, would, could, or might instead or
shall, will, can or may.

A verb agrees with an affirmative subject, not a negative one.

When two subjects are joined by either -- or, or neither -- nor, the
verb will agree with the
subject closer to the verb.

Subjects and objects of infinitives are in the objective case.

The pronoun following to be will be in the objective case if to be

has a subject. If to be has no subject, the pronoun following to be
will be in the nominative case.

Subjects and predicate nominatives are in the nominative case.

The possessive form should precede the gerund (a verb ending in -ing
and used as a noun).

Who is nominative. Use it for subjects and predicate nominatives.

Whom is objective.

Page 1
 EFFECT vs. AFFECT
Rule 1. Use effect when you mean bring about or brought about, cause or caused.
Example He effected a commotion in the crowd.

Rule 2. Use effect when you mean result.

Example What effect did that speech have?
Rule 3. Also use effect whenever any of these words precede it: a, an, the, no, any, take,
into

NOTE: These words may be separated from effect by an adjective.

Examples: That book had a long-lasting effect on my thinking.

Has the medicine produced any noticeable effects?

Rule 4. If none of the above fit, use affect.

AFFECT is almost always a verb, meaning “influence,” producing an

effect, as in:

“Exercise affects one‟s physical and mental health.”

“A good argument can affect the outcome of the case.”
“How does that affect our schedule?”

In its less common meaning of “pretense,” AFFECT is still used as

a verb:
“She affected great sympathy for the victim.”

EFFECT is usually a noun, the result or consequence. Whenever it

can be preceded by “the” or “a” it has to be a noun.

“Your program of exercise has had a good effect.”

“The effect on the jury was crucial.”
“These are my personal effects.”

When EFFECT is used occasionally as a verb, it still concerns a

result:

“The diplomat effected a compromise.” (brought about)

“The officer will effect an arrest.” (He accomplishes it, rather
than influencing it.)
“Burglary is effected by breaking and entering.”

AFFECT -- verb -- have an effect on; move, pretend, influence

EFFECT -- noun -- result; impression produced; belongings
verb -- accomplish; perform

Page 2
There are four distinct words here. When "affect" is accented on the
final syllable (a-FECT), it is a verb meaning "have an influence on":
"The million-dollar donation from the industrialist did not affect my
vote against the Clean Air Act."
A much rarer meaning is indicated when the word is accented on the
first syllable (AFF-ect), meaning "emotion." In this case the word is
used mostly by psychiatrists and social scientists-- people who
normally know how to spell it. The real problem arises when people
confuse the first spelling with the second: "effect."
This too can be two different words. The more common one is a noun:
"When I left the stove on, the effect was that the house was filled
with smoke." When you affect a situation, you have an effect on it.
The less common is a verb meaning "to create": "I'm trying to effect
a change in the way we purchase widgets." No wonder people are
confused. Hey, nobody ever said English was logical: just memorize it
and get on with your life.

1. What do you think the (affect, effect) of the decision will e

be?
2. How did her son‟s departure (affect, effect) Mrs. French? a
3. How was the team (effected, affected) by the loss of their a
captain?
4. I was surprised at the (affect, effect) of his words on the e
audience.
5. A number of improvements were (affected, effected) by the new e
student council.
6. (Affects, Effects ) of the strike were felt everywhere. e
7. His health was (affected, effected) by the cold, damp climate. a
8. In spite of all our efforts, we could not (affect, effect) his e
release from prison.
9. What was the (affect, effect) of all his efforts? e
10. Despite the efforts of all involved, the group was not able to e
(affect, effect) a compromise.
11. The special mediator (affected, effected) a settlement between e
the two groups.
12. Water in the gas line (affected, effected) the car‟s a
performance.
13. The net (affect, effect) of all his demands and protests is e
exactly nothing.
14. I asked the doctor how swimming would (affect, effect) my a
cold.
15. His harsh words had a strong (effect, affect) on the little e
girl.
16. They were not able to (affect, effect) a settlement of the e
issue.
17. His speech (affected, effected) us so that we decided to offer a
our services to the reform group.
18. He was not able to (affect, effect) a compromise between the e
opposing factors.
19. She carried an (affected, effected) air of superiority. a
Page 3
20. The news (affected, effected) him so strongly that he just sat a
there, unable to move.
21. What was the (affect, effect) of his promotion? e
22. His decision (affected, effected) everyone here. a
23. We had to (affect, effect) a reduction in costs. e
24. The critics greatly (affected, effected) his thinking. a
25. How were you able to (affect, effect) such radical changes? e
26. That book had a major (affect, effect) on his philosophy. e
27. Shelley had to (affect, effect) great reductions in her e
expenses.
28. What do you suppose the (affect, effect) of her resignation e
will be?
29. The changes had an enormous (affect, effect) on production. e
30. The energy crisis has greatly (affected, effected) our a
lifestyle.
31. They were able to (affect, effect) an increase in their e
savings.
32. Roberta has (affected, effected) many improvements in office a
procedures.
33. The rainy weather had a bad (affect, effect) on attendance at e
the seminar.
34. The new personnel ruling does not (affect, effect) my status. a
35. The new director will reorganize the office and (affect, e
effect) a number of changes in personnel.
36. What she said had no (affect, effect) on the boss. e
37. I don‟t know why the cold air (affects, effects) my skin. a
38. I hope to (affect, effect) improvements in my work. e
39. The knowledge I gain from this course will (affect, effect) my a
performance.
40. The new schedule will take (affect, effect) in October. e
41. The supervisor (affected, effected) a reconciliation between e
Sam and John.
42. The new law goes into (affect, effect) tomorrow. e
43. the (affect, effect) on overall production e
44. took their personal (affects, effects) with them e
45. pressure may (affect, effect) the final outcome a
46. to (affect, effect), or to bring about, this condition e
47. definitely will (affect, effect) our costs a
48. decision will (affect, effect) the economy a
49. the (affect, effect) of her words of caution e

Page 4
 WHO vs. WHICH vs. THAT
Rule 1. Who refers to people. That and which refer to groups or things.
Examples Glen is the one who rescued the bird.
She belongs to an organization that specializes in saving
endangered species.

Rule 2. That introduces essential clauses while which introduces nonessential clauses.
Examples I do not like editorials that argue for racial
differences in intelligence.
We would not know which editorials were being discussed
without the that clause.

The editorial arguing for racial differences in

intelligence, which appeared in the Sunday newspaper, upset
me.
The editorial is already identified. Therefore, which
begins a nonessential clause.
NOTE: Essential clauses do not have commas surrounding them
while nonessential clauses do contain commas.

Rule 3. If that has already been used in the sentence, use which to introduce the
essential clause that follows.
Example That is a decision which you must live with for the
rest of your life.

Rule 4. If the essential clause starts with this, that, these, or those, use which to
connect.
Example Those ideas which were discussed on Tuesday will be
put in the minutes of the meeting.
Even better The ideas discussed on Tuesday will be . . .
1. Books have been discovered (that, which) address the (t)
horrors of the Salem witch trial.
2. That book about the Salem witch trials, (that, which) was (w)
discovered in the basement of the library, will be
published next year.
3. That is a book (that, which) I have not yet read. (w)
4. The state law (that, which) banned logging ancient redwoods (t)
began at the grassroots level.
5. The state law to ban logging ancient redwoods, (that, (w)
which) began at the grassroots level, has gained the
attention of lawmakers.

Page 5
 WHO and WHOM
Rule. Use the he/him method to decide which word is correct.

he = who
him = whom
Examples Who/Whom wrote the letter?
He wrote the letter. Therefore, who is correct.

For who/whom should I vote?

Should I vote for him? Therefore, whom is correct.

We all know who/whom pulled that prank.

This sentence contains two clauses: We all know and
who/whom pulled that prank. We are interested in the second
clause because it contains the who/whom. He pulled that
prank. Therefore, who is correct.

WHOEVER and WHOMEVER

Rule 1. First of all, use the ever suffix when who or whom can fit into two clauses in the
sentence.
Example Give it to whoever/whomever asks for it first.
Give it to him. He asks for it first.

Rule 2. Because we can substitute him and he into both clauses, we must use the ever
suffix. Now, to determine whether to use whoever or whomever, here is the rule:

him + he = whoever
him + him = whomever
Therefore, Give it to whoever asks for it first.
Example We will hire whoever/whomever you recommend.
We will hire him. You recommend him.
him + him = whomever
Example We will hire whoever/whomever is most qualified.
We will hire him. He is most qualified.
him + he = whoever

Page 6
 WHO, WHOM, WHOEVER, WHOMEVER

1. With _______ do you wish to speak?

2. Mr. Hilton, _______ you saw on the elevator, is an
auditor.
3. Be careful _______ you nominate for treasurer.
4. We are glad to give you the names of several persons
in this section of the country _______ you may be
interested in handling your line.
5. ___ shall I ask for information?
6. It‟s often desirable to select our sales
representatives from among applicants _______ live
in the few large cities.
7. If someone is to benefit from this arrangement,
_______ will it be?
8. _______ are you waiting for?
9. _______ do you wish to see?
10. Leave the information with _______ is at the
reception desk.
11. We have just received a letter from Mr. Erickson
_______, as you know, has asked for the agency for
our irrigation equipment.
12. I am interested in learning _______ is supposed to
have charge of the leasing of the home.
13. Mr. Powers is the man _______ I hope will be elected.
14. Mr. Powers is the man _______ I hope to see elected.
15. Mr. Powers, _______ was confident of election, won.
16. Mr. Smith is a man _______ can be trusted.
17. Mr. Smith is a man _______ I know to be trustworthy.
18. Mr. Smith is a man _______ I know is trustworthy.
19. I don‟t know _______ he is supposed to be.
20. We are glad to promote those _______ we find to be
trustworthy.
21. It is he, _______ we saw just now, _______ will be
the group leader.
22. Your congressman is the one _______ should receive
your thoughts on current political and economic
problems.
23. Your congressman is the one to _______ you should
send your comments on political and economic
problems.

Page 7
 WORD USAGE

1. My husband wishes I could sing like (she - her).

2. They believe that it was (I - me) who informed the
enemy.
3. Mrs. Dow left us a larger share of her estate than
(they - them).
4. I chose the employee (who - whom) I believed was the
best trained.
5. The man (who - whom) I took for a farmer was really a
bank president.
6. Yes, it was (I - me) who made the investigation.
7. You were cleverer than (me - I) at guessing their
intentions.
8. Mr. Harper would like to have more helpers like (he -
him).
9. This s the man (who - whom) I think is our best
mechanic.
10. I recommended the man (who - whom) I considered best
qualified.
11. I have often wished I looked like (she - her).
12. It is (they - them), the disloyal citizens, (who -
whom) you ought to blame.
13. I have you to thank more than (she - her) for this
thoughtful act.
14. A good engineer like (he - him) could improve the
process.
15. Was it Judy to (whom - who) you gave the message?
16. Returning to the scene of the accident, he saw a man
(who - whom) he was sure had seen what had happened.
17. George hoped it would be (him - he) who would be
called upon.
18. The man in (who - whom) you can place your confidence
is the man (whom - who) you should vote.
19. The conductor shook hands with the musician (who -
whom) had been soloist.
20. Like (he and I - him and me), the others were assigned
to special duties.
21. It was (we - us) who arrived there first, despite our
detour.
22. To meet interesting people like (they - them) is
refreshing.
23. America needs more men like (he - him).
24. We got into the car, (which - but) we found the
battery dead.
25. This came from the (Chief‟s of Staff - Chief of
Staff‟s) office.
26. They thought it was (me - I) that you meant.
27. Men serve most loyally the employer (whom - who) they
feel understands them and their problems.
28. (Fred and Alice‟s - Fred‟s and Alice‟s) marriage is a
happy one.
Page 8
29. By pulse is meant the beat of blood in an artery,
(what - which) can be felt and counted.
30. Wagner was a far greater composer than (he - him).
31. (Husband and wife‟s - Husband‟s and wife‟s) income may
be reported separately.
32. The only driver (who - whom) I saw on the road
wouldn‟t stop.
33. He watched the girl and the car (who - that) came
toward him.
34. He was informed that it was (I - me) who wanted the
interview.
35. Do you know any man (who - whom) you think is
competent to direct the project?
36. You are more experienced in the stock market than (I -
me).
37. Like you and (he - him), I am interested in reducing
our costs.
38. I can hardly wait to show you the bargains (what -
which) I found.
39. (Walton and Hall‟s - Walton‟s and Hall‟s) annual sale
begins today.
40. The man from (who - whom) you bought this desk lamp is
going out of business.
41. Everyone wanted to see the pilot and the plane (who -
that) had made the rescue.
42. Have you seen the (principle - principal) or the
janitor?
43. Leave (we - us) girls alone for a while.
44. The paper mentioned both you and (me - I).
45. She left Ray and (me - I) behind.
46. Why are you always blaming (us - we) criminals?
47. Who told you and (her - she)?
48. Have you and (her - she) had an argument?
49. That was probably Steve and (they - them).
50. Mr. Thomas said that (we - us) girls were late.
51. Tell the headmaster and (he - him) what you did.
52. Are you expecting Jean and (she - her)?
53. I don‟t believe it was (he - him).
54. Did you know that Bill and (she - her) are engaged.
55. Please tell (we - us) girls where you were.
56. Do not annoy (I - me) or the driver.
57. Certainly you must remember Edna and (I - me -
myself).
58. You misunderstood the teacher and (I - me).
59. Who will drive Peggy and (she - her) to the airport?
That must be (he - him).
60. I‟ll send you and (he - him) by different routes.
61. The doctor offered to treat her husband and (she -
her).
62. We didn‟t want to leave Ann and ( she - her) husband.
63. Our callers were probably (they - them).
64. Ray and (I - me) don‟t need advice.
Page 9
65. We know it was (he - him).
66. If I had known (who - whom) he was, I would have been
more cordial.
67. Next month‟s chairman will be (whoever - whomever) the
delegates elect.
68. Since I did not know (who - whom) the caller wanted, I
instructed him to return later.
69. Everybody (who - whom) (has - have) paid (his - their)
dues are qualified to vote.
70. The club members (who - whom) have received their
invitations have sent their replies.
71. He was one of the men (who - whom) the politicians
could not influence.
72. No one has figured out to (who -whom) the teacher was
referring.
73. The church is looking for someone (who - whom) it can
assign to lead the choir.
74. John is a boy (who - whom), I think, is well qualified
for the work.
75. The poets (who - whom) the reading public takes to its
heart are not always great poets.
76. Everyone in the courtroom wondered (who - whom) the
mysterious witness would be.
77. Please hand the exhibit to (whoever - whomever) is
going to introduce it into evidence.

Page 10
 Good or Well?
Good is an adjective. It describes nouns or pronouns. It may be used
with descriptive linking verbs like look, feel, sound, taste, or be
to describe the
Incorrect: The coffee tasted well this morning.
Correct: The coffee tasted good this morning.
Correct: The pitcher is looking good today.
Well is normally an adverb. It describes verbs (sometimes adjectives)
and is used with most other verbs.
Well as an adjective means "healthy."
Incorrect: He pitches good.
Correct: He pitches well.
Incorrect: I do not feel very good.
Correct: I do not feel very well. (healthy)

Beside or Besides?
Beside means "close to" or "by the side of."
Besides means "in addition to."

Examples: Come, sit beside me. (Next to me)

Besides me, Fran and Millie will be there. (In addition to me)

Using Between Properly

Between is with two people or things. Note the combination tw in a
number of words meaning "two" such as two, twice, and twin.
Among is used when discussing three or more people or things.

Examples: She had to choose between licorice and cherry.

She had to choose among licorice, cherry, and lime.
Between is used with and. From is used with to.
Never use to with between.
Incorrect: We shuttled between New York to Chicago.
Correct: We shuttled between New York and Chicago.
We shuttled from New York to Chicago.
Page 11
LAY/LIE
You lay down the book you've been reading, but you lie down when you
go to bed. If the subject is acting on some other object, it's "lay."
If the subject is lying down, then it's "lie." This distinction is
often not made in informal speech, partly because in the past tense
the words sound much more alike: "He lay down for a nap" but "he laid
down the law." If the subject is already at rest, you might "let it
lie."
Lay or Lie?
Lay means "to place something down." It is something you do to
something else. It is a transitive verb.

Incorrect: Lie the book on the table.

Correct: Lay the book on the table.
(It is being done to something else.)
Lie means "to recline" or "be placed." It does not act on anything or
anyone else. It is an intransitive verb.
Incorrect: Lay down on the couch.
Correct: Lie down on the couch.
(It is not being done to anything else.)
The reason lay and lie are confusing is their past tenses.
The past tense of lay is laid.
The past tense of lie is lay.
Incorrect: I lay it down here yesterday.
Correct: I laid it down here yesterday.
(It is being done to something else.)
Incorrect: Last night I laid awake in bed.
Correct: Last night I lay awake in bed.
(It is not being done to anything else.)
The past participle of lie is lain. The past participle of lay is
like the past tense, laid.

Examples: I could have lain in bed all day.

They have laid an average of 500 feet of sewer line a day.
Layed is a misspelling and does not exist. Use laid.

Page 12
IMPLY/INFER

These two words, which originally had quite distinct meanings, have
become so blended together that most people no longer distinguish
between them. If you want to avoid irritating the rest of us, use
"imply" when something is being suggested without being explicitly
stated and "infer" when someone is trying to arrive at a conclusion
based on evidence. "Imply" is more assertive, active: I imply that
you need to revise your paper; and, based on my hints, you infer that
I didn't think highly of your first draft.

PRINCIPAL/PRINCIPLE

Generations of teachers have tried to drill this one into students'

heads by reminding them, "The principal is your pal." Many don't seem
convinced. "Principal" is a noun and adjective referring to someone
or something which is highest in rank or importance. (In a loan, the
principal is the more substantial part of the money, the interest is-
-or should be--the lesser.) "Principle" is only a noun, and has to do
with law or doctrine: "The workers fought hard for the principle of
collective bargaining."

disperse/disburse
proscribe/prescribe
sometime/some time
imminent/eminent
complement/compliment
exceed/accede
inculpate/exculpate
proceed/precede
illicit/elicit

Page 13
 MORE WORD USAGE

1. He found it difficult to (adapt/adopt) to life in

college.
2. What do you think the (affect/effect) of the
decision will be?
3. I did not understand his (allusions/illusions) to my
brother.
4. The (alumni/alumnae) of a local school for girls are
holding a reunion today.
5. We have sold an unusually large (number/amount) of
fountain pens this year.
6. On tour we met friends (everywheres/everywhere) we
went.
7. Everyone agreed with me (accept/except) you.
8. His expectation of a large fortune proved to be only
an (allusion/illusion).
9. I was surprised when he (adopted/adapted) my
suggestion.
10. All (alumni/alumnae) of our high school are very
loyal.
11. This is (all the farther/as far as) the bus goes.
12. How did her son‟s departure (affect/effect) Mrs.
French?
13. Everyone (accept/except) George and me finished the
assignment on time.
14. You should not (accept/except) money for doing a
good deed.
15. Do you know any (alumnae/alumni) of a woman‟s
college?
16. How was the team (effected/affected) by the loss of
their captain?
17. After our panel discussion, the audience asked a
large (amount/number) of questions.
18. Milton‟s poetry is full of obscure classical
(allusions/illusions).
19. If you can‟t (accept/except) my invitation, please
let me know.
20. You can fool him easily because he is so
(credulous/credible).
21. (Beside/Besides) the excellent meals, the hotel
provides superb recreational facilities.
22. (Bring/Take) your cousin with you when you come to
my house tonight.
23. I‟ll (take/bring) your letters to the post office
when I go downtown.
24. I was surprised at the (affect/effect) of his words
on the audience.
25. It took courage to (emigrate/immigrate) from and
established home and settle in the American
wilderness.

Page 14
26. There are (fewer/less) students enrolled here this
year than last year.
27. Do you intend to divide the work (among/between) the
four of us?
28. We have (fewer/less) honors classes this year.
29. In what year was the atom bomb
(invented/discovered)?
30. (Among/Between) the six of us we could raise the
money.
31. Please (bring/take) this card to the library when
you go.
32. He looked so much like the picture that I supposed
Richard to be (he/him)?
33. I asked the witness to hand the paper to Mr. Brown
and (I/me).
34. It was (they/them) who saw (he/him) and (she/her) on
the night in question.
35. The defendant was (lying/laying) in wait in the dark
alley.
36. The plaintiff complained that she had (laid/lain)
down each afternoon because of the pain.
37. A great attraction (was/were) the sideshows.
38. Neither the judge nor the attorneys (know/knows)
whether he will testify.
39. It was (we/us) fellows (who/whom) the judge
appointed.
40. Every member of the jury must show (his/their) pass.
41. May I have one of the exhibits which (is/are)
supposed to be introduced?
42. The doctor recommended that the plaintiff move to a
(healthy/healthful) climate.
43. The census indicates (fewer/less) people in the
urban areas.
44. (Two thirds/Two-thirds) of those who have been
selected for the jury (is/are) in the courtroom.
45. APPEALS BRIEFS (is/are) a collection of some briefs
that (is/are) on the reference list.
46. He is one of the attorneys who (is/are) always late.
47. The judge assumed that the attorney was
(inferring/implying) that the judge‟s ruling was
incorrect.
48. (Who/Whom) do you suppose let (they/them) and the
Smiths use their car?
49. A small percent of them (require/requires) greater
care.
50. The attorney, accompanied by his clients, (was/were)
in the courtroom.
51. We cannot (accept/except) your firm from this
regulation.
52. This machine will (affect/effect) a great
improvement in your work.

Page 15
53. The salesman will (canvas/canvass) all the stores in
the city.
54. The guidance (councilor/counselor) helps students to
choose careers.
55. An impartial witness is wholly
(disinterested/uninterested).
56. (Don‟t/Doesn‟t) Mr. Gay want to have a share in this
good work?
56. How much (farther/further) do we have to drive to
get to Canton?
57. We now have twenty (fewer/less) employees in our
Easton plant.
58. Mr. King then (formally/formerly) introduced the
speaker.
59. We expect to (hear/here) from Mr. Austin by next
Wednesday.
60. We were (lead/led) to believe delivery would be made
on May 10.
61. On December 1 we are (losing/loosing) the services
of Mr. West.
62. This county has now (passed/past) 6000,000 in
population.
63. A new (principal/principle) for this school has been
appointed.
64. What is the (principal/principle) subject to be
discussed?
65. What is the underlying (principle/principal) of the
machine?
66. The customer apparently prefers this blue
(surge/serge) suit.
67. You can now buy fine (stationary/stationery) at that
store.
68. I believe (their/there) has been no change in the
position.
69. The merchandise arrived (to/too) late for our
purpose.
70. Nothing of this kind must ever come between you and
(I/me).
71. (Who/Whom) do you consider to be the best fitted for
this work?
72. The number of employees in our three offices
(is/are) now 300.
73. The men you are to see about this matter are
(they/them).
74. The data you asked us to prepare (is/are) not quite
ready.
75. Next year the city will observe (its/it‟s) 100th
anniversary.
76. Mr. Wells gave (we/us) salesmen an excellent
demonstration.
77. Neither of these machines (is/are) suitable for the
purpose.
Page 16
78. He is one of those people who (is/are) always late
for meetings.
79. The cost was (considerable/considerably) higher than
anticipated.
80. The books have been (laying/lying) on this desk for
several days.
81. Every one of the officers must do (his/their) share
of the work.
82. Each series of games (was/were) won by the West
College team.
83. You ought to (lay/lie) down for an hour or so.
84. George is the only one of the students who as/have)
finished.
85. It is Mr. Wheeler and (I/me) who have been given
this responsibility.
86. Not one of these women seems to know just what
(she/they) should do.
87. The contractor (began/begun) this job on the first
of last month.
88. A wide range of marine supplies (is/are) kept in
stock here.
89. I certainly wish I (was/were) able to come to the
meeting.
90. Mr. Sayre has asked Mr. Hammond and (I/me) to serve
with him.
91. As I think back, I believe I did take you to be
(he/him).
92. This rule has been (broke/broken) a number of times.
93. The amount given on these sheets (is/are) the
proceeds of the sale.
94. The examination will be made by Mr. Whiting and
(I/me).
95. No one but (I/me) would believe you.
96. What‟s the sense (of/in) getting drunk?
97. He offered one (incredulous/incredible) excuse after
another for coming home late.
98. Now, how does Marilyn Monroe (affect/effect) you?
99. Do you (imply/infer) that I am lying?
100. There‟s something going on between Judy and
(him/he).
101. The earth (continually/continuously) moves around
the sun.
102. Mix two (cupsful/cupfuls/cups full) of flour with a
cupful of sugar.
103. And your wife produces the same (affect/effect) of
course?
104. He has somehow managed to keep on good terms his
(brothers-in-law/brother-in-laws).
105. The spy was (hanged/hung).
106. What (sort of/ sort of a) grade do you think you
will make in this test?

Page 17
107. Home Savings now pays 3 1/2 percent on your
(principle/principal).
108. The lion licked (it‟s/its) chops when the first
Christian entered the arena.
109. Allen expects you and (I/me) to come to the studio
by ten.
110. Many curious (passer-bys/passers-by) stopped, but no
one offered help.
111. Everyone except (she/her) was on time.
112. The price of books (is/are) getting higher and
higher.
113. Jules as well as Allen (is/are) having lunch with us
today.
114. Neither of your reasons (is/are) sufficient.
115. Was the letter addressed to you and (I/me) or only
you?
116. The manager of the Social Security office, with his
assistants and secretaries (is/are) coming to check
over your payroll today.
117. His ability and experience (is/are) of great value
to his company.
118. When either of your manuscripts (is/are) rejected,
let me know.
119. He (robbed/stole) my watch.
120. Margie, unlike her parents (has/have) a calm, sweet
disposition.
121. (Those/That) criteria (are/is) not valid.
122. Boatload after boatload of soldiers (is/are)
landing.
123. One of my best friends (is/are) coming to check over
your payroll today.
124. What is a good (preventative/preventive) of rickets?
125. Would you like to take a walk with Estelle and
(I/me)?
126. How (is/are) your mother and father today?
127. English, like French and Latin, (contain/contains)
case forms.
128. Each of your sisters (is/are) very pretty.
129. Where have you (laid, lain) my things?
130. The checks were (laying/lying) on my desk all
morning.
131. If it (was/were) a nice day, we could have a picnic.
132. Does she wish she (was/were) going to the party?
133. If the boss (was/were) here, you would do more work.
134. I wish he (was/were) your father.
135. It was (I/me) you were talking about, wasn‟t it?
136. If he (was/were) the last man on earth, she
wouldn‟t marry him.
137. That man, if he (was/were) your father, should have
said hello.
138. That man acts as if he (was/were) your father.

Page 18
139. If that (was/were) the reason for your refusal, why
didn‟t you say so?
140. (Who/Whom) does he think he is?
141. Her sister, (who/whom) he divorced after a year of
marriage, is looking for a new husband.
142. (Who/Whom) would you like it to be?
143. I‟ll invite (whoever/whomever) wants to come to the
party.
144. He talks as if he (was/were) her husband.
145. The man (who/whom) you‟re referring to has left your
employ.
146. Neither I nor he (is/are/am) able to help you.
147. But you can talk just a fast as (he/him).
148. Have you (drank/drunk) the Tom Collins yet?
149. It is a lovely (sensuous/sensual) poem.
150. He can talk even faster than (I/me).
151. The Nazis (persecuted/prosecuted) the Jews.
152. He drove through the (dessert/desert) for nearly an
hour.
153. (Who/Whom) did you wish to see?
154. Was it (he/him) who answered the phone?
155. I would (of/have) had my picture taken at Lincoln
Studios if I had been in New Rochelle.
156. Many liberals wish that Roosevelt (was/were) still
alive.
157. I would rather work for the Browns that for
(she/her) and her husband.
158. (Beside/Besides) the dishes, you also have to wash
the silverware.
159. (Irregardless/Regardless) of what you say, I‟m going
anyway.
160. We have work for (whoever/whomever) wants to work.
161. Ten cents a piece (is/are) too much for that candy.
162. He is one of those men who (has/have) no
consideration for others.
163. Have you any (council/counsel) for a misguided
youth?
164. The (luxurious/luxuriant) vegetation makes passage
almost impossible.
165. I (can/can‟t) scarcely see the stage.
166. I‟m not talking about (that/that there) man.
167. No one is here besides (we/us).
168. She (don‟t doesn‟t) look very (well/good) to me.
169. What I want (is/are) more pictures.
170. We would like an (invite/invitation) to your party.
171. It is I who (is/am) more interested in your welfare
than you are yourself.
172. We thought the General to be (he/him).

Page 19
 VERB TENSE

1. Has your sister Ann driven/drove much? driven

2. I know that your father give/gave her a car for gave
graduation.
3. The rain had froze/frozen on the pavement. frozen
4. After I had spoke/spoken to Mary, I noticed she was spoken
wearing new glasses.
5. He has already went/gone to meet her. gone
6. Have you written/wrote the letter yet? written
7. She had drank/drunk her soda. drunk
8. Have you and she took/taken the test? taken
9. Not a word was spoke/spoken. spoken
10. I swum/swam for more than an hour. swam
11. I know I done/did wrong. did
12. Have you seen/saw that movie? seen
13. Has he already gone/went when you came? gone
14. I use/used to play the piano. used
15. Has the bell rang/rung? rung
16. A low ball was thrown/throwed. thrown
17. He seen/saw that I was angry. saw
18. Two wild stallions were rode/ridden that day. ridden
19. Not much money was stole/stolen. stolen
20. I have swam/swum there several times. swum
21. Has the shirt shrank/shrunk? shrunk
22. The automobile was taken/took to the garage for taken
repairs.
23. Had he ran/run in track meets before? run
24. I saw him when he did/done it. did
25. He raised/rose from the chair and turned off the TV rose
26. Sit/Set the lamp on this table. set
27. He lay/laid his glasses aside and frowned. laid
28. I shall lay/lie down for a few minutes. lie
29. She had lay/lain on the sofa before. lain
30. The baby was still laying/lying quietly in the crib. lying
31. Is the newspaper laying/lying in the rain? lying
32. Did you sit/set the package on the table? set
33. You may sit/set on the chair. sit
34. Please do not rise/raise your voice. raise
35. The biscuits have raised/risen. risen
36. The curtain will raise/rise at nine o‟clock. rise
37. If Jack was/were a foreigner, he might be more were
appreciative of his privileges.
38. If Becky were/was here, I did not see her. was
39. Barbara wishes she was/were a better golfer. were
40. She always acts as though she was/were angry with her were
staff.
41. Have you ever ate/eaten lunch in the cafeteria? eaten
42. Our boss always checks each invoice as though it were
was/were a matter of life and death.
43. I wish I was/were in Florida at the convention. were

Page 20
44. If Jack was/were older, he wouldn‟t be eligible for were
this policy.
45. My secretary saw/seen the mistake immediately. saw
46. This office needs a new carpet because this on is worn
wore/worn out.
47. Have they chosen/chose the cover design for the new chosen
brochures.
48. After I had flew/flown to Newark, I had to drive to flown
Atlantic City.
49. You should not have stopped; you should have driven
drove/driven there directly.
50. We have gave/given blood for our company‟s annual given
drive.

Page 21
 IRREGULAR VERBS

1. He spent the summer just (lying/laying) around home.

2. Someone (lay/laid) the dictionary on my glasses.
3. We had (lain/laid) a burning cigar on the edge of the
table.
4. Jimmy (lay/laid) down on the back seat of the car.
5. I saw your hat (lying/laying) on the hall table.
6. She had just (lain/laid) down when the telephone rang.
7. Have they (lain/laid) the cornerstone yet?
8. Not feeling well, he (lay/laid) in his sleeping bag
all day.
9. She (lay/laid) her sewing aside and went to the door.
10. Don‟t leave any money (lying/laying) in plain sight.
11. The wreck (lay/laid) in twenty feet of water.
12. The cat loves to (lie/lay) on the window sill.
13. The missing book was (lying/laying) on the top shelf.
14. Do you remember where you (lay/laid) my pen?
15. You shouldn‟t have (lain/laid) there so long.
16. Jack was (lying/laying) on the deck.
17. Here the coal (lies/lays) near the surface.
18. We gathered driftwood while Doug (lay/laid) a fire.
19. I planned to (lie/lay) down for only ten minutes.
20. Gently she (lay/laid) down the injured child.
21. Sandy usually (lies/lays) near the fire.
22. I could not persuade him to (lie/lay) down.
23. Yesterday Dad and I (lay/laid) the new carpet.
24. The cat never (lies/lays) in the bed we made for her.
25. Someone had (lain/laid) a paintbrush on the chair.
26. His clothes were (lying/laying) about the room.
27. Frank had (lain/laid) his camera on the railing.
28. The fossils had (lain/laid) there for a million years.
29. Beneath his rough exterior (lies/lays) a kind heart.
30. I keep forgetting where I have (lain/laid) the hammer.
31. She has been (sitting/setting) by the telephone all
evening.
32. Bill just (sat/set) still and said nothing.
33. In what row were you (sitting/setting)?
34. Extra chairs were (sat/set) in the aisles by the
ushers.
35. Had you (sat/set) there longer, you would have caught
a fish.
36. Where have you (laid/lain) my things?
37. (Lay/Lie) the baby on the bed to change her diaper.
38. In which room did you (lie/lay) the blue rug?
39. (Lie/Lay) your coat on the bed.
40. The wounded man (lay/laid/lain) in the street for over
an hour before help arrived.
41. The baby has (laid/lain) in the carriage all morning.
42. I‟d like to (lie/lay) down for a few minutes.

Page 22
 RPR COMPUTER TERMS

1. C.A.T

2. MONITOR

3. SOFTWARE

4. HARDWARE

5. HARD DISK

6. SCOPE

7. DUMP

8. ON-LINE

9. MODEM

10. TO BOOT UP

11. DICTIONARY

12. RAM

13. GLOBAL

14. FLOPPY DISK

15. REALTIME

16. EDIT STATION

17. TRANSLATE

18. INDEX

19. FILE

20. DOT MATRIX

21. LASER PRINTER

22. BYTES, MEGABYTES

Page 23
 A CAT TEST

Directions: Study the lettered terms below. Select the one term
that best matches its definition. Select the letter appearing next
to the term you choose and place it in blank space.
a. DOS n. CRT SCREEN
b. MEGABYTE o. BIT
c. FORMAT p. MEGAHERTZ
d. ASCII q. JOB
e. KILOBIT r. ETM
f. RAM s. BINARY
g. FLOPPY DISK t. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
h. COMPUTER HARDWARE u. FIXED DISK
i. GLOBAL SEARCH AND REPLACE v. COMPUTER SOFTWARE
j. OPERATING SYSTEM w. BACKUP FILES
k. APPLICATION SOFTWARE x. BAUD RATE
l. FILE y. BOOT
m. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE z. BYTE

___1. 1,024 bits

___2. a measure of computer speed in millions of cycles per second
___3. a flexible disk
___4. the name of a 7-bit code used to represent data on most
personal computers
___5. the term used to indicate approximately one million characters
of storage
___6. the brain of the computer is
___7. initial loading of the operating system software when computer
is first turned on
___8. a classification of software that performs specific user tasks
as opposed to controlling the operations of the computer
system
___9. a set of operating programs that control the operation of the
computer system itself
___10. the general name for programs that can be run on the computer
system
___11. another name for initializing a disk
___12. the smallest unit of computer memory
___13. conflict resolution known as AICR
___14. another name for bits per second, which measures the
transmission speed
___15. an extra copy of a file or disk, stored in case something
happens to the original
___16. the number system with two possible states for each digit: 0
or 1
___17. all notes taken during a session
___18. an electronic tape mark
___19. a display devise that generates images
___20. random access memory
___21. eight adjacent bits of memory treated as a unit of information
___22. a collection of related records
___23. a hard disk in which the disk platter is mounted permanently
inside and airtight, factory-sealed unit
___24. the master set of programs that manage the computer
___25. the physical equipment in a computer system

Page 24
 CSR VOCABULARY

aberrant something not typical, deviation

abjure to recant; renounce
abode dwelling; home
abrade to scrape; grind; chafe
accentuate stress; show off by a contrast
acquiesce to consent
adjunct addition; assistant
admissible allowed; permitted
adobe brick of clay
affable gracious; friendly
affront insult; offend
ameliorate become better; amend; convalesce; recuperate
amenable ready to yield or be influenced
amity friendship; benevolence
anathema solemn curse; a thing or person greatly
detested
anomaly irregularity; deviation from the norm
apathetic indifferent; impassive; dry
apiary place for bees
apotheosis proclamation; glorification
arbitrary selected at random; autocratic
aristocracy small class of privileged people
arrant being completely such; thoroughgoing; absolute
ascendancy influence, power, dominance
askew to one side; awry
audacity boldness; inoffensive
augment enlarge or increase
auspicious favorable
austerity severe
avarice greed; rapacity; cupidity
aviary place for birds
azure clear blue; cerulean
bagatelle trifle
blithe gay; cheerful
bogus counterfeit; spurious; false, sham
brazen impudent; shameless
brazen shameless; impudent
break fracture; cleft
brogan heavy shoe
bucolic country life; rustic
burnish polish; brightness; buff; furbish
cajole persuade deceptively
capitulate surrender
capricious impulsive; unpredictable
captious finding fault; critical; carping
cauldron large kettle or vat for boiling
censor examine; expurgate
censure disapproval, blame, reprehend, abjure, arrest
chert compact rock of mostly quartz

Page 25
chimerical whimsical; imaginary
chink crack; cleft; slit
cogent having power to compel; convincing
collusion secret cooperation for deceit
commodious roomy; large; ample
compendious concise, succinct
concatenation linking, connecting; sequence, series
conciliatory agreeable; accommodating
condemn judgment, blame, reproof
condign deserved; adequate
condone forgive; pardon; excuse
consternation sorrow, alarming dread or amazement
constraint compulsion; force; coercion; duress
contented satisfied; appeased; gratified
contentious state of contending
continuance duration, extension
corporeal material, physical
correspondents communication by letters; people
cryptic having a hidden or mysterious meaning;
concealed
cudgel short and heavy club
cupidity greed; avarice; curiosity
dearth lack, scarcity
defunct dead, extinct
deglutition to swallow
deleterious harmful; noisome
delude mislead; deceive; fool
dementia mental deterioration
deploy to unfold, arrange
depredation to rob of goods by force; pillage
deriquer required by etiquette or fashion
derision mockery; disdain; scorn
descry discern; to take cognizance of by physical or
mental vision
despoil plunder; pillage; loot
desuetude disuse; ceasing of a course
didactic morally instructive
diffidence shyness; lack of confidence in oneself
disparage say bad things about
dissent object or disagree
ditty short, simple song
divest deprive; to strip, undress
dogma that which one believes; an opinion; belief
system
dotage senility; age accompanied by a decline of
mental poise and alertness
droll amusing; humorous; whimsical
duplicity double dealing; deceit; hypocrisy
ease alleviate; comfort
eccentric extreme; odd in behavior
edifice building with large structure; pile; erection
effete exhausted of vitality; lacking power to bear
Page 26
 offspring or produce fruit
efficacious effectual; producing or capable or producing a
result
effrontery impudence; boldness; disregard of others
emanate originate; come forth; derive
emolument salary; reward
enamored charmed; smitten
enervate weaken; exhaust
engender bring about
ensconced settle comfortably
ensuing following; consequent
equanimity composure; poise
equivocal ambiguous; dubious
ergo consequently; therefore
erudite deeply learned
eschew shun, avoid
espouse to support, advocate
etiology the cause; the study of causes; the cause of
disease
exacerbate provoke; worsen
exculpate exonerate; free from blame
existent present
exonerate clear of blame
exorbitant exceeding what is usual or proper
expiate to atone for, make amends
expurgate to cleanse; purge; censor
extant existing; contemporary
extinct not existing
facetious joking
facsimile exact copy
factitious forced or artificial
fallacy mislead, delusion
farthing British coin
fatuous silly; purposeless
feasible capable of being done
fetid stinking; offensive; smell
filial befitting a son or daughter; dutiful;
respectful
final ultimate
flamboyant brilliant or showy
florid excessively flowery in style; reddish colored
forlorn abandoned; hopeless
fortuitous accidentally; haphazard
franchise right or privilege
fruition realization; completion
fundamental basic; or central importance or necessity
furtive stealthily; sly
gambol frisk; frolic; leap or tumble
gamut range; series
gelid cold; frozen
germane pertinent; apropos
glower scowl; stare angrily; frown
Page 27
grotto a small cave; a cavelike shrine
haggle argue in bargaining
hiatus pause, gap, break
hogshead cask
hogshead barrel or cask
hoi polloi common people
homily sermon
homogenous alike
hone sharpen
hostelry hodge; inn
hypothesis unproved theory; assumption
imbue inspire; fill as with color or a feeling
impasse deadlock
impetus impelling force, driving force
importunate persistent; urgent; immediate attention
impudent disrespectful; insolent; sassy; brazen
impute attribute to another; ascribe
inane silly, foolish
incendiary inflammatory; strife
incredulous disbelieving; skeptical
inculpate incriminate; indict
indicia characteristic marks; identifying marks
indictment accusation
indigenous native; innate
indigent poor; destitute
indite to write, compose
indolent lazy, listless
ineffable indescribable or unutterable
inexorable relentless; unavoidable
infamous disgraceful; ill-famed
innervate stimulate
innuendo insinuation
inordinate excessive; beyond reasonable
insidious treacherous
insolent disrespectful; impudent
intimate private; familiar
intoxicated inebriated
intrinsic inherent
inured accustomed; to make something undesirable by
prolonged subjection
inveterate habitual
kedge small anchor
kiln hearth; oven; fire; pottery oven
laconic terse; concise; brief
lambent flickering, glowing softly; soft radiance
languish to pine; weaken; discouraged
latent present but not apparent; hidden
laudable praiseworthy
legacy bequest
lethargy inaction
loquacious talkative
lurid sensational
Page 28
luxurious sensuously comfortable
malign evil
mayhem disfigurement
miscreant villain; scoundrel; pariah
mitigate lessen
moribund in a dying state
mulct defraud; fine; penalty
nascent nebulous; beginning; inceptive; incipient
nefarious very wicked
nicety accuracy; fine detail; exactness
obeisance homage; respect; honor
obliterate completely remove or destroy
ogre cruel, ugly, frightening man; dreaded person
ombudsman public official
opprobrious shameful; contemptuous
palate taste
palpable obvious; touchable; perceptible
pander pimp; to procure; beg
paradoxical contradictory
parley converse
parry to ward off; push aside; to evade skillfully,
dodge
parsimonious miserly; extreme frugality; stingy
pathos sorrow, pity, poignancy
penultimate next to last
percipient astute; perceptive; discerning
peremptory dictatorial; imperious; authoritative
perennial everlasting; inveterate; lifelong
perfidy betrayal of trust; treachry; disloyalty;
breach of faith
perfunctory superficial; casual; done merely as a duty
permeate penetrate
pertinent relevant
philatelist stamp collector
piebald covered with patches of two colors
pilfer steal; appropriate; collar
pliant flexible
pontificating opinionated
precipitous steep; abrupt; sheer; closeness
prescient clairvoyant; foresight
principle rule
prodigal wastefully extravagant; profuse; lavish
proffered tender; offer; presented
profligate wildly extravagant; licentious
propagate fruitful; to breed
propiriate appease; appease; pacify
protocol etiquette
provident thrifty
prurient lascivious; arousing interest in a sexual
nature
puerile childish, infantile
pusillanimous cowardly
Page 29
querulous complaining; questioning; irritable
rancor ire; wrath; ill will; deep hatred
raze to demolish; to tear down
rebuke censure
recalcitrant stubborn; disobedient
recant take back (something said) publicly
recumbent lying down; resting; idle
regale entertain
repine fret; sigh; gloom
replete full; abundant; fill to brim
reprehend abjure; censure; arrest; reprove; blame
reprobate ruffian; brutal person; condemn strongly
requisite essential
rescind take back
restive uneasy; uptight; nervous
reticent silent
retreat withdrawal
revel festivity; to take great pleasure in; make
merry
robust vigorous; healthy; hardy
ruffian tough violent man; thug
sagacious shrewd; wise; sound judgment
salubrious healthful; salutary; wholesome
scion descendant; shoot of a plant; branch
scurrilous obscene language; abusive; vulgar; vile, fowl-
mouthed
secede withdraw; retire
sentient conscious; capable of feeling
sequacious tending to follow any leader; dependent;
compliant
sign indication
sinecure cushy job
skulk move in a stealthy manner; creep; glide; to
lurk
specious false; misleading; seemingly sound
spurn reject; decline; dismiss
stifle smother; suppress
subjugate subdue; enslave; dominate
subterfuge artifice; deception; cheat
subversive overthrow or ruin
sunder tear apart; separate; break; to split apart
surreptitious stealthy; sneaky; secret
surrogate substitute; replacement
syllogism overused word
tacit silent; implied
tedium boredom; tiresome
teem full, overflowing
temerity foolish or rash boldness; recklessness
tenuous slender; not dense or thick
timbre the characteristic quality of sound
torpid sluggish; inactive; comatose
touted publicized; praise highly
Page 30
travail agony; drudge; labor
treacle thick syrup; sickening sweet flattery
truckling to exchange or barter; to peddle
turnkey a person at prison in charge of keys; jailer
ubiquitous omnipresent; universal
Ulster long coat
ultimate final, maximum or extreme
usurp seize; arrogate; appropriate
venerate honor; revere; adore; worship
veracity correctness
vestige trace; memento; relic
vociferous noisy and insistent
voracious greedy; ravenous; exceedingly hungry
wane decrease
wanton merciless; malicious; unjustifiable
winsome charming; beautiful
writhe contort or suffer; agonize; squirm; to twist

CAN YOU SPELL THESE CORRECTLY?

ACOMODATE
MISCHIVUS
UNPARALELD
PSYCOLOGY
DISAPOINTS
SOVREN
MINITURE
RECOMEND
DISIPLIN
TECNICLY
EXESSIV
OCASION
PROFESSR
GARDIAN
REMEMBRD
INOCUUS
GAGE
VACUM

Page 31
 SPELLING TEST

A B
1. Annoint Anoint B
2. Cooly Coolly
3. Supersede Supercede
4. Irresistible Irresistable A
5. Develplement Development B
6. Alright All right
7. Seperate Separate B
8. Tyranny Tyrrany A
9. Harrass Harass B
10. Desiccate dessicate A
11. Indispensable Indidpensible A
12. Recieve Receive B
13. Pursue Persue A
14. Reccomend Recommend B
15. Desperate Desparate A
16. Liquify Liquefy B
17. Seize Sieze A
18. Cemetary Cemetery B
19. Subpoena Subpena A
20. Definately Definitely B
21. Ocassion Occasion B
22. Consensus Concensus A
23. Inadvertant Inadvertent B
24. Minuscule Miniscule
25. Judgment Judgement A
26. Inoculate Innoculate A
27. Drunkenness Drunkeness A
28. Occurence Occurrence B
29. Dissipate Disippate A
30. Weird Wierd A
31. Alot A lot B
32. Accomodate Accommodate B
33. Embarrassment Embarassment A
34. ecstacy ecstasy B
35. repetition repitition A
36. battalion batallion A
37. despair dispair A
38. irritable irritible A
39. accidently accidentally B
40. liaison liason A
41. memento momento A
42. brocolli broccoli B
43. millennium millenium
44. yeild yield B
45. existence existance A
46. independent independant A
47. sacreligious sacrilegious B
48. insistent insistant A
49. excede exceed B
50. privilege priviledge A

Page 32
 VOCABULARY

JUDICIOUS (A) FOOLISH (B) MEANDERING (C) ILLEGAL

(D) PUNISHABLE (E) LOOSE
DISSIPATE (A) UNARM (B) AMASS (C) CONDONE D)IMPROVE
(E) PLAN
INFIDELITY: (A) DISHONESTY (B) HATRED (C) FAITHFULNESS
(D) PRIDE (E) BEAUTY
REPRISAL: (A) FORGIVENESS (B) WEAKNESS (C) MODESTY
(D) PRIDE (E) THOUGHTFULNESS
CONTROVERSIAL: (A) DEFENDABLE (B) OVERT (C) BLAND
(D) EAGER (E) HARMONIOUS
NOMINAL: (A) NAMELESS (B) PROHIBITORY (C) EVENTUAL
(D) BLAMELESS (E) REFUSAL
SCAPEGOAT: (A) CRIMINAL (B) CLOWN (C) JUDGE
(D) DRAMATIST (E) PACIFIST
DEROGATORY: (A) ANGRY (B) EMOTIONAL (C) RESPECTFUL
(D) QUIET (E) EAGER
FORESTALL: (A) PRECIPITATE (B) RECOVER (C) BLEND
(D) ANTICIPATE (E) UNDERSTAND
MACABRE: (A) DOLEFUL (B) MANDATORY (C) BLESSED
(D) CHEERFUL (E) UNUSUAL
RUSTIC: (A) SLIPPERY (B) URBANE (C) FORENSIC
(D) FINITE (E) CROWDED
CATALYST: (A) DETERRENT (B) BLUEPRINT (C) DEMAND
(D) AGREEMENT (E) CONCOCTION
GALL: (A) SOOTHE (B) DEMAND (C) EXPLAIN
(D) RETIRE (E) OMIT
COLLATERAL: (A) USUAL (B) ANTICIPATED (C) EVENTFUL
(D) CHRONIC (E) PRIMARY
OVERT: (A) UNKNOWING (B) UNKNOWN (C) UNWILLING
(D) UNABLE (E) UNEQUALED
SOBRIETY: (A) CALMNESS (B) EAGERNESS (C) INTELLIGENCE
(D) STUPIDITY (E) DRUNKENNESS
WAX: (A) TROUBLE (B) CAUSE (C) DECREASE
(D) CLEANSE (E) FAIL
TERSE: (A) HAPPY (B) LENGTHY (C) EVIL
(D) STUBBORN (E) RIGID
EMANCIPATE: (A) SUBJUGATE (B) ACQUIT (C) RATIFY
(D) ARBITRATE (E) FORTIFY
PHILANTHROPIC: (A) MONOPOLISTIC (B) MALLEABLE (C) IMPASSIVE
(D) DEMONSTRATIVE (E) PROVOCATIVE

Page 33
 MECHANICS
DIRECTIONS: Read each three-line sentence and decide whether there
are errors in USAGE, SPELLING, PUNCTUATION, or CAPITALIZATION in any
of the three parts. If so, note the letter printed beside the part
which contains the error or errors. Then circle the letter. If
there is no error in any part of the sentence, do nothing. No
sentence has more than one part with errors, and some sentences do
not have any errors.

EXAMPLES:

A When all the marks were

B added together, his standing
C was forth in the class.

Part C of the sentence contains the spelling error “forth”.

Therefore the letter C should be circled.

CSR Instructions:
1. Read each line to determine whether there is an error.
2. If there is an error, determine the type of error.
3. Mark the letter on the answer sheet that corresponds
to the type of error in the transcript line.

A. PUNCTUATION commas, periods, apostrophes,

quotes, dashes, semicolons,
colons, and run-on sentences
B. WORD USAGE homonyms: to/too/two,
sight/site/cite, confusing pairs
(affect/effect, imply/infer)
C. STANDARD GRAMMAR subject/verb agreement. verb
form, noun/pronoun case
D. SPELLING misspelled
E. NO ERROR The line contains no error.

1. a. Unless the wire is fastened secure to the terminal,

b. there are reasons to believe that the connection
c. will eventually cause serious difficulty.

2. d. It made no difference to Doctor Hampton whether Amy

e. chose the Christmas or Easter vacation period so
f. long as she had the operation within the next six months.

3. a. One should not blame him greatly

b. on account of him being slow, but I
c. confess that I find his laziness unforgivable.

4. d. Less members volunteered for the drive than

e. the director could have wished, but he knew

Page 34
 f. no tactful way to alleviate the situation.
5. a. Across the room he glimpsed someone, who looked
b. just like his former employer; however, he
c. learned later that the man was a stranger.

6. d. The outstanding attraction of these building lots are

e. the magnificent trees, the rich soil, and
f. the well-planned, inconspicuous approaches.

7. a. No special thanks were due me, for the

b. conferences fitted my schedule very well, and
c. I was merely fulfilling my obligations as counselor.

8. d. As a cook she has her limitations;

e. she had ought to scour the
f. skillet more thoroughly, I think.

9. a. The best way to relax is to lay down on the sofa,

b. put a pillow under your head and one under your
c. knees, and consciously try to think of nothing.

10. d. George expects to get a job; then he will

e. no longer be financially embarrassed -- that is
f. unless he also has to support his aged parents.

11. a. When the attorney tried to prove the

b. ownership of the pistol, the accused
c. said, “he had never seen the thing.”

12. d. The Millerton Agency advertised that it‟s entire

e. supply of trucks, tractors, and other farm equipment
f. was going to be disposed of at a sacrifice.

13. a. Henry‟s father took a number of us boys, including Henry and

I.
b. on a camping trip during the Thanksgiving weekend, but we
c. both caught colds and got hardly any enjoyment out of our
vacations.

14. d. Transferring the maintenance shed to the new site

e. necessitated renting a big trailer truck, nevertheless
f. the move proved advantageous in the long run.

15. a. The outcome most to be expected was that

b. the new premier, an admittedly conservative man,
c. would soon suppress the rebellious factions.

16. d. The caretaker ought not to be so cantankerous

e. as to throw rocks at anyone who
f. approaches the boundaries of the estate.

Page 35
17. a. Though the navigator did not take a really good look
b. at, much less closely inspect, the instruments; he
c. reckoned our position with astounding accuracy.

18. d. In the days of the Great American Depression, a quarters

worth
e. of candy sufficed a large family of children; now it may
f. last one child throughout one thirty-minute television
program.

19. a. Notwithstanding adverse reviews, the play did well at the

b. box office; that fact bears out the contention that some
c. critics have exagerated their importance to a play‟s
success.

20. d. To question the significance of UNESCO is

e. contrary to the temper of the world, whether or not
f. one is fully satisfied with the organization‟s activities.

21. a. His consistent stand on basic principles

b. had considerable effect during the campaign even
c. though it caused the left wing to question him.

22. d. The moral of the sergeants is likely to

e. be impaired if the lieutenants deny
f. all responsibility for the occurrence.

23. a. “That first panful tasted bad, but the second

b. tastes all right,” Sally said; then she laughed
c. and helped herself to still another cookie.

24. d. The reader is told that Walnut Hill Park has

e. served many purposes, as a pasture for cattle, as
f. an arena for executions, and as a drill field for armies.

25. a. The abominable high incidents, or

b. frequency of occurrence, of fatalities
c. on State Road 19 necessitates emergency measures.

26. d. When the grasshoppers struck

e. the crops of all North Platte County and
f. Bergen County were laid waste.

27. a. The recruiter of the volunteer work gang for

b. the community cemetery got up and said, “Mowers,
c. diggers, pruners, sprayers we need them desperately.”

28. d. I recall with nostalgia the

e. cool, brisk twilights of the
f. Great Smokies in the fall.

Page 36
29. a. Since you have a stake in his progress, you
b. should not leave him make his own decisions
c. unless there is no way to avoid embarrassing him.

30. d. The composer said, “Your two-hour

e. mutilation of my composition annoyed
f. me more than I can say.

31. a. The word goon is rarely used unless

b. the user means to cast aspersions
c. upon the person to whom he applies it.

32. d. However inadequate it appeared, the same

e. trunk held Robert and Ruth‟s clothes, thus making it
f. unnecessary for them to buy new, separate lockers.

33. a. The general‟s military policy differs.

b. or seems to differ, from that of the admiral;
c. however, neither has made their position quite clear.

34. d. He insisted that Kilmer‟s poem, “Trees,” was

e. horribly sentimental, patently inconsistent in
f. its metaphor, and utterly ridiculous in its entirity.

35. a. If Elmer had not already paid the deposit, he

b. could of discontinued negotiations when he
c. understood how he had been misled by Joe‟s eloquence.

36. d. In the short story, “The Egg,” the father is

e. portrayed as a mild, self-effacing man who
f. tries to burst into the limelight quick.

37. a. The author points out that the famous bad man, Billy the
Kid,
b. did not live to be a happy, ripe old age; for “lead
poisoning”
c. tended to be contagious in those days.

38. d. I was disappointed to find that, though their cottage was

elaborate
e. enough for our needs, it was located in such an out-of-the-
way place
f. that we preferred to spend the summer in ours.

39. a. To identify the corpse would prove difficult, for the head
b. was battered beyond most any possibility of recognition,
c. and the body was covered with first-degree burns.

40. d. The prosecutor argued that, had the witness been

e. a public-spirited citizen, he would have gone
f. immediately to the police to report the accident.

Page 37
41. a. That he should be nominated was the
b. thing fartherest from his mind when he
c. casually decided to attend the meeting.

42. d. All students should know that they are

e. suppose to apply themselves diligently if
f. they wish to win any academic distinction.

43. a. The Lee County director announced that some of

b. the supply of surplus grain was to be distributed by the
c. Red Cross and other charitable organizations.

44. d. An investigation of the cafeteria program in

e. junior and senior high schools revealed that
f. scarcely no dairy products were available.

45. a. His rival was better than he at

b. making the charming compliments and
c. polite chitchat the girl anticipated.

46. d. “It is of utmost importance,” the

e. message ran, “That you act and act
f. immediately! This is an emergency!”

47. a. Having spent two hard days searching the

b. foothills, the posse was angered to learn that
c. the fugitive had never left the village.

48. d. Can you imagine how us volunteers felt when

e. we were called into the office to be paid
f. for our relief work during the catastrophe?

49. a. The cab fare was extremely expensive, for

b. the resort hotel lay seventeen miles by
c. highway, although only three by dirt road, from town.

50. d. The foreman should be a worker who knows

e. about men and tools, and he should know
f. how to use this to the firm‟s best interests.

51. a. The conductor will not raise his

b. baton except he is satisfied that
c. there will be no distractions.

52. d. We were still to labor under the handicap

e. of an obsolete constitution, for the amendment
f. I purposed was defeated by a very slight majority.

53. a. The auditor should have noted at one that the

b. receipt was dated after June 30, the end of the
c. fiscal year, however, this irregularity escaped him
temporarily.

Page 38
54. d. To avoid hurting himself when using an electric
e. saw, the craftsman should make sure that the cord, the
f. receptacle, and the other equipment is in good condition.

55. a. Sally is one of those sorority girls who

b. does not put sisterhood above either
c. personal friendship or academic loyalties.

56. d. In spring the South is lovely; from the

e. Appalachians to the Florida Keys the
f. native growth sends forth leaf and bud.

57. a. Oscar admired the teacher who taught him Latin

b. during his freshman year, for she was diligent,
c. sympathetic, pursuasive, and even enthusiastic.

58. d. The voice on the sound system said, “Here come the
e. sun and the blue sky again. Put those umbrellas
f. away before you blind one of our loyal followers.”

59. a. Both girls were born in San Francisco,

b. however, Rose, the older one, moved
c. with her husband to Torino, Italy.

60. d. Because Harold‟s father, who was an English

e. professor, had only a modest income, Harold
f. reconsidered and dropped his plan to study it.

61. a. Since Emil is so tired that he

b. just cannot hardly go on,
c. let‟s rest for another ten minutes or so.

62. d. The physics laboratory period was a long one, running

e. from 9:30 to 12:00; neither instructors nor
f. students found the last thirty minutes of value.

63. a. Mutt is a dog who is always

b. causing trouble with neighbors, for
c. he specializes in upseting garbage containers.

64. d. Having waited in the rain

e. for two hours, John and I were
f. angry when Sue finally appeared.

65. a. From my ringside seat I saw the “Masked Marvel” tossed

b. so hard by his opponent that he was thrown
c. over the ropes and then land among the spectators.

Page 39
66. d. The teacher inquired, “Has anyone read the
e. article by Peter Flint, and American newspaperman, entitled
f. “Colonial Architecture in Newport,” in the Sunday
supplement?”

67. a. The editor scanned the pages I handed him, glanced

b. at what I had wrote, and told me the article
c. would be printed in the next day‟s paper.

68. d. According to its schedule,

e. the bus leaves most every hour
f. from the station at 63 High Street.

69. a. John and I constituted the entire crew,

b. but we managed well enough when the
c. fishing equipment and the boat were new.

70. d. Not having heard the sergeant‟s order, the

e. recruit should have waited for one of the
f. seasoned combat men to initiate the firing.

71. a. In the southern section of Missouri, a region

b. of poor and rocky soil, an average of forty
c. bushels of corn to the acre are considered good.

72. d. At the concert yesterday I saw someone, who

e. looked like my former choir director, but he was
f. in Hollywood then as a consultant for a movie.

73. a. Fewer votes were cast than

b. had been predicted by even
c. the most pessimistic of forecasters.

74. d. He got a taxicab more quickly than he had anticipated,

e. thus he thought that he had plenty of time to reach
f. the restaurant where the conference was to be held.

75. a. The minister said that, true, he was on interpreter,

b. but that the Bible itself learns us our
c. duty and we ought to read it ourselves.

76. d. His present address is 13 Eden Lane, Clover

e. Bath County Virginia; he has changed
f. his residence since he wrote to you.

77. a. Alexander the Great was at

b. the height of his power when he
c. died; thus are the mighty laid low.

Page 40
78. d. Then questioned by the chief inspector, an able
e. veteran with an unimpeachable record, the suspect
f. declared, “he did not intend to be an informer.”

79. a. There in the single splash of sun lay

b. the weather-beaten log cabin, the house
c. she had been born in some eighty years before.

80. d. “Even in its most disiplined form,”

e. said Professor James, “contemporary
f. art is an erroneous catastrophe.”

81. a. Not having really understood him;

b. I don‟t suppose I
c. should try to answer him.

82. d. It seems to me that no one should be so

e. prejudiced in his views that he will not entertain
f. for a moment a single argument in opposition to them.

83. a. “I must confess,” he said, “that

b. mathematics is my most difficult
c. subject; I have neve overcome my dislike for it.

84. d. Let well enough alone is one of those

e. dangerous, ambiguous maxims that may get
f. a person into trouble one way or another.

85. a. Money, of course, is the cause

b. of aggravated athleticism in American
c. colleges, athleticism is hardly athletics.

86. d. Do not be misguided or begiled

e. when you are in Paris on a holiday.
f. but be guided by what the Parisians do.

87. a. The ticket agent gave Henry and I a refund

b. because we had to leave the
c. theater before the show was over.

88. d. She asked me to speak louder

e. explaining that neither she not
f. her mother could hear me easy.

89. a. His rendition of the “To be or not to be”

b. soliloquy is to be commended, as is the
c. lack of pagentry in the production.

90. d. A group of Indian boys came up to undergo the

e. initiation; when their elders gave the
f. signal, the boys began to dance close to the fire.

Page 41
91. a. As a student of arts and sciences, Jenkins liked most of
b. the offerings for the semester, but he shuddered at the
c. one required chemistry course, qualitative analysis 408.

92. d. Many of Clyde‟s best friends were among the guests; Mr.
and Mrs.
e. Beale, neighbors of long standing; Dr. Emory, the eminent
f. bone specialist; and Mr. Merriweather, the family lawyer.

93. a. Before the crew came on duty, Jonas Tuck, the

b. foreman, laid out all the necessary equipment:
c. a panel, a meter, and a length of cable.

94. d. A three-act play or a novel are to be read; a total of

e. two hundred pages of poetry--lyric, dramatic, narrative--
f. is also required of everyone.

95. a. Amy‟s father is a successful young

b. business executive; therefore, Amy
c. has decided to train for it too.

96. d. Accuracy of movement, like

e. accuracy of words, are essential
f. to the success of magical rites.

97. a. “He was not elected club

b. secretary,” May said, “because
c. of them feeling the way they do.”

98. d. The president of such an organization should be a person

e. who knows parliamentary procedures and public relations,
f. and he should know how to apply it in public meetings.

99. a. “Why should I mind?” she asked

b. “Whether or not you enter the
c. competition is of little interest to me.”

100. d. It was our parents‟ opinion that we children

e. had consciously and maliciously disobeyed
f. their injunction not to leave the premises.

101. a. You should not attempt the transfer from the

b. personnel section to the sales department
c. without the general manager gives you permission.

102. d. It may lessen his chances for recovery if

e. he is not permitted to lay quietly until
f. professional, or at least competent, help arrives.

Page 42
103. a. “It‟s too old!” he said
b. vehemently. “Why,
c. their‟s was bought in 1955.”

104. d. John T. Scopes, a school teacher; William Jennings Bryan,

e. assistant prosecutor; and Clarence Darrow, defense counsel--
f. were principles in the long-remembered Scopes Trial.

105. a. In the first two acts the amiable but weak hero played fast
and
b. loose with the heroine‟s affections, but this foible was
alright,
c. for in the third act he became a sterling lad.

106. d. These Falkland Islanders are extremely primitive;

e. for example, they wear little clothing, have no real
f. agriculture, and have the crudest of tools and weapons.

107. a. His uncivil remark was adressed neither to

b. the policeman nor to me but to a meek
c. little man standing at the edge of the crowd.

108. d. For the very reason we discussed at length the day before
e. yesterday, you had ought to make your approach a tentative,
f. conciliatory one to avoid the risk of embarrassing him.

109. a. Before the actual construction starts the

b. ground clearing must be done, and a temporary
c. connection to the power line must be installed.

110. d. The landlord should apoligize to the tenant for

e. being so vague and indefinite; otherwise, even
f. a temporary agreement may be hard to reach.

111. a. That Ford is virtually

b. an antique; compared to it,
c. ours is the latest thing.

112. d. You have our heart felt thanks

e. for the assistance you gave us last
f. June at the time of our bereavement.

113. a. The strength of the fabric was it‟s questionable

b. point, and we had no facilities
c. for testing tensile strength.

114. d. The confederate troops, although outnumbered, fought

e. valiantly, their prodigious efforts enabled them
f. to hold the post until reinforcements reached them.

Page 43
115. a. The guide at Carlsbad Caverns took
b. first George and then I through the
c. little entrance to the next chamber.

116. d. The primary characteristic of all these snakes are

e. the heavy body; therefore, they are often
f. taken to be one of their nonpoisonous cousins.

117. a. The salesclerk asked the customer to decide

b. what color combination would suit the room best
c. and then to take whichever design he preferred.

118. d. The plasterers worked fast and late and had

e. the walls already for the painters to begin
f. after the four-day drying period had elapsed.

119. a. The cat whose mistress feeds him chicken livers daily
b. is likely to shy away from
c. anything as commonplace as hamburger.

120. d. “It‟s no fun,” he

e. said; “however amusing
f. you may consider it.”

121. a. I have counted the rods over and over again, and
b. they‟re simply not all here; soneone has
c. apparently stolen some equipment.

122. d. Although we were delayed only a few minutes,

e. to the driver and I sitting in the cab,
f. the time dragged and the wait seemed endless.

123. a. Who‟s book it was could not be determined

b. because the owner had unfortunately neglected
c. to write his name on the inside cover.

124. d. Boys who want to represent their school

e. on athletic teams had ought to be
f. willing to abide by reasonable training rules.

125. a. “I didn‟t know,” Jane said slowly,

b. “that you would
c. be teaching the course, Mr. Arnett.”

126. d. The teacher‟s remarks annoyed John and me

e. because we did have a legitimate excuse,
f. and we hadn‟t never been late before.

127. a. Their are several reason why it is asking

b. too much to expect that everyone
c. will agree to Jane and Mary‟s proposal.

Page 44
128. d. Driving along Highway 20 one night at
e. about dusk, he was idly looking at the
f. roadside and seen a huge black bear.

129. a. Our police, fire, and health departments and

b. many other provisions for city services are essential,
c. but our mayor don‟t seem to recognize the fact.

130. d. I was just peaceably walking down the

e. street when a stranger he came up
f. and gave me a most mysterious message.

131. a. The author must have been

b. a rank amateur; we all thought he
c. didn‟t hardly have any ideas of his own.

132. d. My cousin invited my to Lexington,

e. Kentucky, to see the Derby; there
f. begun my fondness for horse racing.

133. a. The captain asked the sergeant

b. to set down until Patrol Hodges could put the
c. papers all together in a large envelope.

134. d. Of the three brothers,

e. James was the worse in spelling
f. but the best in algebra and geometry.

135. a. The United Nations can only make recommendations, the

b. member nations may accept them, or they may reject them
c. if they believe it is to their interest to do so.

136. d. Day after day the four brothers made the same
e. complaint to their harassed parents --
f. they didn‟t have nothing to do.

137. a. The only officer present, lieutenant Drake,

b. insisted upon giving a recitation of Tennyson‟s
c. short poem, “The Charge of the Light Brigade.”

138. d. From above, the trucks on the highway

e. took on the appearance of insects hurrying
f. here and there in hunger or in fear.

139. a. But these facts, especially

b. the last one presented, imply that
c. having a pastime is a necessity.

140. d. When I saw Fred in the junior-senior

e. play last spring, I was surprised
f. at how good he can act.

Page 45
141. a. If we leave him go to the city alone, it‟s more
b. than likely that he will lose his way, and we shall
c. be held responsible for whatever may befall him.

142. d. I could send the gift to either he or his brother,

e. but if I send it to his brother,
f. I shall run the risk of offending him.

143. a. The soldiers‟ mounts had been ridden so hard

b. that, when the troops reached the river,
c. the horses drunk more than was good for them.

144. d. The word “that” is often not

e. expressed, especially in
f. conversation and in informal writing.

145. a. All were there well ahead of time

b. except John and me; we were hampered
c. by an engine which refused to run proper.

146. d. We boys were assigned

e. the task of maintaining
f. the mowing equipment when it broke.

147. a. One of the most talented boys in the class were

b. omitted from the honor roll by mistake, but the error
c. was corrected before the program was printed.

148. d. The librarian suggested that these type of books

e. would be most useful to the committee in its
f. search for material on the effects of radiation.

149. a. In the later stages of World War II, the enemy

b. had to retreat in great haste. Leaving many of
c. their wounded in the field to be cared for by our doctors.

150. d. You ought to know as much about the matter

e. as anyone else does, for no one
f. was closer to the scene than you was.

151. a. One of the sheep was caught in the fence;

b. its left rear leg was broken,
c. and its wool was matted and dirty.

152. d. Men, working with the power tools.

e. were given extremely strict warnings
f. against wearing clothes which fitted loosely.

153. a. The crowd waited patiently enough until

b. nine o‟clock; then it became unruly and
c. demanded that action be taken immediately.

Page 46
154. d. Even boys and girls which are
e. ordinarily quiet become loud and noisy
f. to the dismay of their parents and friends.

155. a. That casual comment sounded strange

b. to us who had been near frozen to death
c. by the cold blasts sweeping in from Lake George.

156. d. The author of the article said

e. that religion seems necessary
f. in this scientific world.

157. a. Whose idea was it that

b. we ought to permit Paul
c. to go with Henry and I?

158. d. Among the books and magazines

e. on the teacher‟s desk were
f. Mrs. Roosevelt‟s autobiography.

159. a. So far as I can remember, my

b. parents hardly ever became angry
c. or unduly upset over my behavior.

160. d. The bomber‟s crew took pride

e. in the fact that theirs was the first ship
f. to attach the enemy‟s homeland.

161. a. Much research writing is full

b. of foreign terms such as these:
c. supra, passim, vide, sic.

162. d. It was a dull, dark soundless, day;

e. its bleakness, in fact,
f. made John‟s mood blacker.

163. a. During that winter I attended high school in Madison,

b. Elliott Burritt High School, an extremely large school
c. equipped with an especially good library.

164. d. If I hadn‟t reviewed the chapter,

e. my guess would have been that
f. Dewey, not Hobson, sank the ship.

165. a. A fine or prison term are given

b. for violations of the law,
c. especially if there is evidence of fraud.

166. d. He can hardly expect to escape harm

e. if he looses balance so easily and ignores the
f. warnings which have been devised to prevent mishaps.

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167. a. The young boy, Joe Marsden
b. of Reno, Nevada, occupied
c. the third bed in the hospital ward.

168. d. His courses in physics and chemistry

e. required him to perform experiments,
f. which he did with more enthusiasm than skill.

169. a. When the two old friends met at the picnic,

b. they first talked about their high school days
c. together, later they discussed their present affairs.

170. d. “Will you take this one?”

e. the salesman asked.
f. “I‟d advise you to.”

171. a. Though Robert likes his English class, he is in

b. despair about Chemistry 2A, he is failing
c. it and will not be eligible for the football team.

172. d. Although Jerry was only seventeen years old

e. when he entered college as a freshman, he did
f. not receive his degree until he was twenty-three.

173. a. Smith, that great liar,

b. boasted that he had a thorough
c. knowledge of the law.

174. d. Several famous Americans emerged during the

e. Revolutionary period; Washington, Franklin,
f. Jefferson, Madison, to name a few.

175. a. Because he had received no credit for history

b. last year, he was told to make up
c. the course, but he rejected the advice.

176. d. Yard, garden fences: all

e. had gone to ruin under the
f. management of the tenant.

177. a. Except for my sister and I, everyone

b. arrived at our farm in Denton, Texas,
c. two hours before the specified time.

178. d. Psychology is suppose to

e. give one a knowledge of
f. others as well as of himself.

179. a. “When you get acquainted with the machine,” Michael

b. said, “You will appreciate my argument for
c. replacing it with a simpler one.”

Page 48
180. d. Since I couldn‟t say what I sincerely thought,
e. I decided to exercise my judgment
f. and independence by saying nothing.

181. a. This old fountain pen I have here

b. seems to write as well as,
c. if not better then, my new one.

182. d. The gun, an old Springfield,

e. didn‟t have nothing wrong with it
f. that I could discover.

183. a. The lost child went up to an adult and

b. ask the way to the nearest police station
c. so that he parents could be called.

184. d. At the last minute Jerry spoiled our plan;

e. he came up to me and said he
f. can‟t get his father‟s car.

185. a. Let us agree that Emma shouldn‟t have brought

b. the subject up, but I think you was
c. also to blame for not letting it drop at once.

186. d. Then Mr. Jones, the manager, understood

e. what his lawyer had hinted the chief clerk
f. had been stealing petty cash over a period of two years.

187. a. Spending to much time searching

b. for a good place to fish is the
c. biggest mistake most fishermen make.

188. d. Americans spend millions of dollars a year

e. for highway construction; even though that is
f. a big sum, we need to spend more.

189. a. After Amy had worked out the answer,

b. she checked and rechecked her work carefully
c. and seen that she had made an error in her addition.

190. d. A car, that has no spare tire, is not as risky

e. transportation now as it was in the days when
f. there wasn‟t a service station on every corner.

191. a. In my opinion, it don‟t matter

b. whether or not your children manage
c. to live up that demanding schedule.

192. d. James impatiently asked me to

e. move away from the microscope
f. and leave him see the germs.

Page 49
193. a. In order to help Robert improve his pronunciation of
b. French words, I had to make him practice
c. until five o‟clock in the afternoon.

194. d. It‟s too early for us to cook

e. breakfast, because their not yet awake,
f. and they certainly need sleep.

195. a. When a person has spent three hours

b. in his football practice, you are
c. extremely tired and unable to study.

196. d. When the rains struck the people

e. living near the dam were advised
f. to seek temporary shelter elsewhere.

197. a. The author, Jules Verne,

b. he foretold quite a few of our
c. present inventions and discoveries.

198. d. You should let him and me go to Yale,

e. for college life in the East would be something
f. of a change for we Midwesterners.

199. a. Next Febuary Charles will graduate

b. from Athens High School, the eighth
c. school he has attended in twelve years.

200. d. If I were you, I would not

e. let him go, for without him
f. we shall not have enough help.

201. a. The Jordans lived in Great Britain

b. only a year or two before they came
c. to Boston to settle permanently.

202. d. “If you are going shopping.” Bret

e. said, I wish you would stop at my tailor‟s
f. and see if my trousers have been altered yet.”

203. a. The course of study contain no English,

b. history, foreign language, or
c. mathematics of a college level.

204. d. Stanley‟s program for this year, his senior year,

e. consists of French, English,
f. typing, drawing, and public speaking.

205. a. The audience applauded the speaker‟s statement

b. that any meddling with the personal or property
c. rights of the individual was to be resisted.

Page 50
206. d. For fourty years his friend had
e. lived in Africa among the natives
f. and had studied their diseases.

207. a. Yes, Frank, you may go; I told

b. you earlier that I approve of
c. your going, didn‟t I?

208. d. We expected to be punished for our tardiness,

e. but the teacher said we were excused since
f. we hadn‟t never been late before.

209. a. The same standards that apply to the

b. boy apply to the girl; like him, she
c. must set higher and higher goals.

210. d. Most of these famous European products

e. have American substitutes, mass-produced
f. and cheaper by far than the imports.

211. a. He would not of missed both Horace and

b. me if he had been paying as close attention to
c. the time as he ought to have been doing.

212. d. A traveler of your reputation ought to

e. know that goat‟s milk is preferred to cow‟s milk
f. in much of Central Europe and the East.

213. a. The fish had little strength left therefore,

b. the fisherman was able to bring him close
c. to the boat where it was easy to reach him with a net.

214. d. After all the rains came

e. at a good time; lakes, streams,
f. and wells were almost dry.

215. a. Many of the Enright College

b. girls use to get summer jobs
c. in the North Carolina resort areas.

216. d. At the luncheon meeting there were three guests

e. from out of the state: Luther Smith, Georgia;
f. Albert Birch, Louisiana; and Charlton Easton, Mississippi.

217. a. “Are you going to the dance

b. tomorrow night,” he inquired,
c. “or to the reception or to both.”

218. d. Some of the most widely known winter

e. sports are these; skiing.
f. skating, sledding, and hockey.

Page 51
219. a. It is the students themselves who
b. choose business arithmetic rather than algebra, the
c. how-to-do-it courses rather than the theoretical ones.

220. d. He said that he did not know who‟s

e. copy of Better English he had
f. and that he did not care.

221. a. At the intersection of Thirteenth and University,

b. a car full of tourist crashed into an old Ford and
c. badly injured the only occupant of the Ford.

222. d. At the trial the policeman testified

e. that the car the youth had been
f. driving had defective breaks.

223. a. Above, the clouds floated by;

b. below a green valley dotted with farmhouses
c. stretched on for miles and miles.

224. d. John, if your family likes oranges,

e. I‟ll give you a bushel of them,
f. for I have a large quanity on hand.

225. a. The only addition to the park that summer,

b. an ugly bronze statue of a former mayor;
c. was criticized by the people.

226. d. “Perhaps,” my sister said, “you should

e. except the gift; after all, we don‟t
f. want to deny anyone a chance to be generous.”

227. a. The student‟s explanation of the cause

b. of his misunderstanding was so simple
c. that the class burst out laughing.

228. d. Paul‟s friends had persuaded him, that

e. he should try to prepare for college
f. by improving his writing.

229. a. It may be foolish not to respect

b. the ocean; however quiet it
c. may seem, it is truly dangerous.

230. d. If you are pleasant and patient,

e. you have a good start
f. toward becoming a speach teacher.

231. a. The maintenance crew considered

b. themselves lucky if they were not completely
c. exhausted by the days work.

Page 52
232. d. The visitor then asked the
e. weatherman if the snow
f. was likely to begin before eight o‟clock?

233. a. During the sophmore year in high school, each

b. student has five classes a day; in
c. addition, each student has a study period.

234. d. Mrs. Jones said, that Wolfe‟s

e. Look Homeward, Angel, the first of his
f. series of novels. is by far the most readable.

235. a. James was sitting there on

b. the front porch all alone
c. when I past his house.

236. d. “The Occurence at Owl Creek Bridge”

e. is one of Ambrose Bierce‟s
f. most widely acclaimed stories.

237. a. The teacher said that my original

b. answer was wrong, that the word
c. exile was poorly chosen.

238. d. The next year I went to high school

e. and took my first mathematics course,
f. a course in Elementary Algebra.

239. a. “You ought not to have done that, Roger,”

b. I said, “you should have known better,
c. a boy of your age and experience.”

240. d. Subordinating conjunctions link

e. dependant (subordinate) clauses
f. to main clauses, as the textbook states.

Page 53
KEY
Number – Sentence (a,b,c,d,e,f) – Reason (A,B,C,D,E) – Correction

1. 63. c D upsetting
2. 64.
3. 65.
4. 66.
5. 67.
6. 68.
7. 69.
8. 70.
9. 71.
10. 72.
11. 73.
12. 74.
13. 75.
14. 76.
15. 77.
16. 78.
17. 79.
18. 80. d D disciplined
19. c D exaggerated 81.
20. 82.
21. 83. c D never
22. 84.
23. a D painful 85.
24. 86. d D beguiled
25. 87.
26. 88.
27. 89. c D pageantry
28. E d twilight‟s 90.
29. 91.
30. 92.
31. 93.
32. 94.
33. 95.
34. f D entirety 96.
35. 97.
36. 98.
37. 99.
38. 100.
39. 101.
40. 102.
41. b D farthest 103. c A theirs
42. 104.
43. 105.
44. 106.
45. 107. a D addressed
46. 108.
47. 109.
48. 110. d D apologize
49. 111.
50. 112.
51. 113.
52. 114.
53. 115.
54. 116.
55. 117.
56. 118.
57. c D persuasive 119.
58. 120.
59. 121. b D someone
60. 122.
61. 123.
62. 124.
Page 54
125. 189.
126. 190.
127. 191.
128. 192.
129. 193.
130. 194.
131. 195.
132. 196.
133. 197.
134. 198.
135. 199. a D February
136. 200.
137. 201.
138. 202.
139. 203.
140. 204.
141. 205.
142. 206. a D forty
143. 207.
144. 208.
145. 209.
146. 210.
147. 211.
148. 212.
149. 213.
150. 214.
151. 215.
152. 216.
153. 217.
154. 218.
155. 219.
156. 220.
157. 221.
158. 222.
159. 223.
160. 224. f D forty
161. 225.
162. 226.
163. 227.
164. 228.
165. 229.
166. 230. f D speech
167. 231.
168. 232.
169. 233. a D sophomore
170. 234.
171. 235.
172. 236. d D Occurrence
173. 237.
174. 238.
175. 239.
176. 240.
177. 241.
178. 242.
179. 243.
180. 244.
181. 245.
182. 246.
183. 247.
184. 248.
185. 249.
186. 250.
187.
188.

Page 55
1. First of all, Mrs. Kaplan‟s testimony infers that Mr. Bowman is
not
2. ...capable of managing his daughter‟s affairs, number one, number
two, the
3. ...money he has is not his, and he have not amassed it on his
own; and, number
4. ...three, he is not frugal and has no job.
5. Clearly these two arguments of the plaintiff has no bearing in
fact. Mr. Bowman is demonstrably
6. ...capable of managing the affairs of others and he is a
successful businessman in the community.

Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

1. MR. JONES: The documents, my client, submitted to the court this

morning
2. ...state a legal position which we believe establish jurisdiction
in
3. ...this particular matter. After we have made oral arguement and
put forth in detail
4. our positions in this matter, if you still find that
jurisdiction has not been properly
5. ...established at that time, we would like to move for a
continuence.
6. THE COURT: Very well, counsel, proceed with your presentation.

Key
1.
2.
3. argument
4.
5. continuance
6.

Page 56
 CSR PREP STUDY GUIDE

1. Pleadings: Pleadings are the formal allegations by the parties

of their respective claims and defenses brought before the Court for
judgment.

2. Answer: The Answer is the general and specific denial of the

material allegations of the complaint. A typewritten response to the
pleadings.

3. et al is always lower case and means and others.

4. Ex Parte proceeding is one-sided. Only one party involved.

5. Letter Rogatory -- a letter from a judge requesting that a

deposition be taken.

6. Stipulation -- an agreement between the lawyers or parties.

7. Sine die -- means to continue at an undetermined time.

8. Jurisdiction -- the area over which a court rules.

9. Propria Persona -- means appearing for oneself. Representing

yourself in a case.

10. Annexed -- means attached to.

11. Worksheet -- a sheet which information from a deposition is

transferred to.

12. Tort -- a tort is a civil wrong, not a crime.

13. Exemplary damages -- damages that are set to show an example.

Remember: damages equal money.

14. Punitive damages -- damages that are set to punish someone.

15. Nominal damages -- the minimal or least possible amount of

damages that can be set.

16. “Severally” means individually in legal terminology. It means

one, not many.

17. Cite -- to summon; to command the presence of a person; to

notify a person to appear before a judge for the judgment on whether
to answer a certain question or not. The reporter will set the date
for the witness to appear in a law and motion court.

18. Certify or Mark a question: to note the page and line number of
the unanswered question on the index page of the transcript.An
attorney instructed his witness not to answer a question during the
Page 57
deposition. He turns to the reporter and says, “Mark the question,
or certify the question.” He is indicating that he wants the line
and page number indicated on the index page of the transcript. Very
important to know the difference between cite and certify.

19. Motion -- a document for a certain cause that an attorney

presents to the Court.

20. Briefs -- prepared by the attorney. It is a written

argument in which they set forth citations that are in their favor.

21. Quash -- means to put a stop to.

22. Expunge -- means to take out. Especially from the record.

23. In Limine -- mostly in civil cases. It is a hearing to limit

the testimony of a witness because it is not relevant. It is heard
outside the presence of the jury.It is usually done before the case
is tried. It is called a 402 hearing in criminal cases.

24. Business and Professions Code: rules governing CSRs and the CSR
Board‟s power.

25. Code of Civil Procedure: CCP cover California trial court

procedures and the deposition system.

26. Evidence Code: outlines what questions can be asked in each

type of examination by the attorneys. Also contains Evidence Code
776, which deals with hostile witnesses.

27. Government Code: covers the duties of official reporters. Also

the transcript fees set for official reporters.

28. Labor Code: covers workers‟ compensation cases.

29. Code of Regulations: rules about the CSR examination and

licensing procedures.

30. California Rules of Court: covers information about appeal

transcripts and extensions of time.

31. Penal Code: covers crimes and punishment. Also talks about
Preliminary Hearings under section 869.

32. In Camera Proceedings: held in judge‟s chambers. Only the

judge can order the a transcript be produced from these proceedings.

33. Juvenile cases are closed to the public because hearings involve
children under 18.

Page 58
34. If a person in the audience in the courtroom makes a statement,
put it in the record if it is loud enough to be heard and interrupts
the proceedings.

35. Plaintiffs use numbers to mark exhibits in a deposition.

Defendants use letters to mark exhibits in a deposition. Remember
that exhibits are marked for identification only during a deposition.

36. Keyword Indexing -- a computer term. The computer searches for

a particular word and lists it by page and line number.

37. Colloquy -- a conversation between Court and counsel.

38. Status quo -- everything stays the same. No change.

39. Habeas Corpus -- a writ, or body of law, decision, mandate.

40. The best source for street names, addresses, highways, etc. is
the Thomas Guide.

41. The best source for attorney names and correct spellings of them
is the Parker Directory. Lists: attorneys; court reporters; and
expert witnesses.

42. The best source for drug names is the Physician Desk Reference,
or PDR.

43. CITATIONS ARE READ IN THE FOLLOWING MANNER:

24 Cal.App.3rd 260, 278

Volume, Name of publication, Starting page, and Page where

attention is directed.

In 44 Cal App 3rd 5, what does “5” mean?

a. 5th edition b. 5th volume c. 5th page d. all of these

72 Cal. App. 3d 161:

44. If spouse or any family member is involved in a case you‟re

reporting, notify all parties immediately. They will stipulate
whether you can continue or not.

45. The agency determines the pay of a freelance reporter. Statute

determines the pay of an official reporter. (Government Code)

46. If a reporter does not receive payment, they can go to Small

Claims court to sue for payment due.

47. Storage of notes is usually by dates. Official reporters‟ notes

are the property of the court.

Page 59
48. Exceptions -- an exception is when an attorney does not agree
about something that is occurring. He will take an exception to it.
During a deposition they are noted within the transcript and later a
judge will rule on them. Can also be noted on the index page.

49. When an attorney refers to an out-of-state code, you can check

the law library or the code book from which he is quoting.

50. If the attorney says “usual stipulations”, CCP 2025 (Q), you
will write that verbatim. You should also request that he state his
stipulation for the record.

51. Indictment, Information or True Bill -- charge or accusation

brought by the grand jury.

52. Reporter‟s signature page or certificate page is also called a

jurat.

53. The arraignment is where the defendant will enter a plea of

guilty or not guilty. There is 60 days from the time of
arraignment until trial.

54. The penalty for not filing a Preliminary Hearing transcript on

time, which is 10 days, is a reduction of one-half of the reporter‟s
pay.

55. Criminal convictions require a 12 juror vote, or unanimous.

Civil convictions require 3/4 agreement.

56. Attorneys will stipulate where original deposition transcript

will be sent. However, by the code, the transcript will be sent
directly to the noticing attorney. CCP 2025

57. If there is an interpreter present at the depo, give the oath to

the witness through the interpreter. Make sure you swear the
interpreter first.

58. When giving the oath to a child, use the simple oath. Use the
words, “Do you promise” and leave out “So help you God”.

59. The only type of case where an automatic appeal is filed is a

death penalty case. No other case.

60. The CSR Board was established to protect the people of the State
of California, or the consumer, not the reporter.

61. There are two pages in every transcript that MUST have your CSR
number on them. They are the cover page and the certificate page
(jurat).

Page 60
62. The only money a reporter doesn‟t have to declare is appeal
transcript deposit money. Remember, you will file a 1099 if you make
over $600 for tax purposes.

63. A folio equals 100 words. This term is used for billing in the
court system.

64. Any questions regarding which is the official record between

video and stenographic recording, remember it is always the
stenographic mode that is the OFFICIAL record.

65. Preliminary hearing transcripts are due in 10 days. Preliminary

hearing transcript preparation is covered under the Penal Code.

66. If an expert witness is called out of order, keep it out of

order when you prepare the transcript.

67. Fed.Supp. -- Supp. means supplemental.

68. If there is a nonappearance at a deposition, anyone can put a

statement on the record that is a party to the case, including
attorneys.

69. Appeal transcripts exclude jury voir dire and opening statements
and closing arguments. These portions are provided upon request
only. 20 days for a CRIMINAL appeal transcript is the
minimum time and 80 days is the maximum. And extension of
time for criminal appeals is sought from the Clerk of the Courts of
Appeal.

70. CIVIL appeal transcripts are due in a minimum of 30

days with a maximum time of 120 days. Extensions are sought
from the presiding judge of the superior court. First, there is a
notice of appeal given to the reporter and then you have 10 days to
give the clerk an estimate. After the estimate, the party has 10
days to make a deposit with the clerk.

71. Remember, ultimately the reporter or CSR is responsible for the

content and correctness of the transcript, not the proofreader,
scopist, etc.

72. If a judge asks a reporter to remove something from the record,

the request MUST be agreed on by the attorneys in the case. It
cannot be done on the sly.

73. You must have a California CSR to take depositions in

California. You also cannot be related to the parties or attorneys
involved in the case. Taking a deposition without a license is a
misdemeanor.

Page 61
74. If you don‟t know copy rates, expedite rates, etc. and the
attorney asks you for them, tell the attorney to call the agency for
exact information.

75. If attorneys want to waive the signature of a witness at the

deposition, they must put it on the record. When a witness waives
signature, they‟re giving up their right to review the transcript.

76. If the judge speaks to you after hours concerning a case, you
should keep it in strict confidence.

77. If during a break an attorney at the depo says a witness is

lying and asks you for your opinion, say you cannot comment. You are
an impartial party.

78. The reporter has the right to stop the deposition proceedings at
any time for good cause. The reporter cannot rule on objections.

79. If the CSR Board receives a complaint about a CSR, they can
bring administrative action against them within 30 days. They do not
have to notify the CSR in advance. (B & P Code covers the powers of
the CSR Board)

80. In court, the reporter reads back at the DIRECTION of the Court.
Remember this key word -- direction, not order.

81. You can look for California Supreme Court decisions in Witkin.
This is a citation book.

82. Shepardizing is a term attorneys use for cross-referencing a

case.

83. Voir dire means to speak the truth. It is used to test a

juror‟s or a witness‟s competency.

84. CalJic -- stands for California Jury Instructions, Criminal.

85. Supra means above. Miller vs. Jackson supra refers to the
citation mentioned above.

86. Subpoena duces tecum requires a person‟s presence as well as

documents that were requested.

87. If an official reporter is going on a leave of absence, she

gives her notes to the clerk of the court. This is also the case if
she or he retires.

88. The reporter can administer oaths in a deposition pursuant to

Code of Civil Procedure 2093.

89. If an attorney wants to file an appeal, he should follow the

California Rules of Court.

Page 62
90. If a deposition is held out of state, the rules of procedure of
California are still followed.

91. Anyone who is present in a deposition gets listed under ALSO

PRESENT on the Appearance Page, which also lists the attorneys who
appeared and who they represent.

92. If you are asked during a deposition to read back a question

that was started and then interrupted by an objection and then
finished, you should read back the whole question with the objection.

93. If you hear jurors talking about the case before deliberations,
you should inform the judge.

94. Any off-the-record discussion between the deponent and his

attorney is confidential.

95. Official court reporter‟s fees are regulated by the Government

Code.

96. On the subject of storing notes, freelance reporters must keep

their translated notes for a period of 1 year. Untranslated notes
are kept for 8 years. Official reporters keep their notes for 10
years. Death penalty notes are kept forever.

97. If no one wants a deposition transcribed, the reporter still

keeps her notes, because someone may later change their mind.

98. The best time to mark exhibits is at the end of a deposition;

however, you should keep a running tab on what number or letter has
been used.

99. After a deposition is over, the reporter usually takes the

exhibits and attaches them to the original deposition.

100. 50% more can be charged on a daily copy case.

101. In a criminal appeal transcript for a misdemeanor, the standard

order is 0 & 1. In a death penalty case, the order is 0 & 7.

102. 1538.5 is found under the Penal Code. It talks about illegal
search and seizure , which will lead to a suppression of evidence
motion.

The notice for the reporter to prepare the transcript is found

in 1539 of the Penal Code.

Section 995 of the Penal Code deals with insufficient evidence.

Section 869 of the Penal Code talks about preliminary hearings.

Page 63
 2019 of the Code of Civil Procedure says that the person who
notices a deposition must pay for it. They cannot refuse to pay for
the transcription of a deposition.

Section 776, examination of adverse party or witness, is located

in the Evidence Code.

In the citation 34 Cal.Rptr. 553, the “34” stands for

the volume number.

Code of Civil Procedure tells where to file a deposition

transcript.

Transcript fees which are charged by official and pro tem

reporters are found in the Government Code.

Page 64
 MECHANICS OF A TRIAL
OUTLINE OF JURY TRIAL IN A CIVIL ACTION

1. Fill the jury box

2. Judge outlines case the jury is to hear

3. Voir dire examination of jurors:

a. Challenges for cause
b. Peremptory challenges. Six peremptory challenges allowed
each side regardless of number of plaintiffs or defendants.
Additional challenges allowed at discretion of judge if
multiple plaintiffs or defendants.
*In criminal cases: 10 on each side and 5 additional for
each defendant.
*20 in capital case.

4. Opening statement by Counsel. (Defendant may wait to make his

opening statement until he opens his case.)

5. Plaintiff‟s case in chief:

Examination of plaintiff‟s witnesses
a. direct
b. cross
c. redirect
d. recross

6. Plaintiff rests

7. Motion for a non-suit

8. Defense‟s case in chief:

Examination of defendant‟s witnesses
a. direct
b. cross
c. redirect
d. recross

9. Defendant rests

10. Rebuttal testimony

11. Surrebuttal testimony

12. Motion for a directed verdict

13. Argument to the jury

a. Opening argument by counsel for plaintiff
b. Reply by counsel for the defendant
c. Closing argument by counsel for plaintiff

Page 65
14. Court‟s instructions to the jury

15. Jury retires

16. Verdict of jury (three-fourths must agree)

17. Polling of the jury

18. Motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, sometimes

referred to as judgment n.o.v. (non obstante verdicto) cannot be
made unless motion for a directed verdict has been made
previously.

19. Judgment by the Court

a. Grant motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict
b. Order judgment in accordance with verdict

FURTHER MECHANICS OF TRIAL

PLAINTIFF‟S CASE IN CHIEF:

Direct examination
Cross-examination
Redirect examination
Recross-examination
Further examination
Further recross-examination
PLAINTIFF RESTS.

DEFENDANT‟S CASE IN CHIEF:

Direct examination
Cross-examination
Redirect examination
Recross-examination
Further examination
Further recross-examination
DEFENSE RESTS.

PLAINTIFF MAY PUT ON REBUTTAL:

Direct examination
Cross-examination
Redirect examination
Recross-examination
PLAINTIFF RESTS REBUTTAL.

DEFENSE MAY PUT ON SURREBUTTAL:

Direct examination
Cross-examination
Redirect examination
Recross-examination.
DEFENSE RESTS SURREBUTTAL.

Page 66
 PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
1. The headings Direct Examination and Cross-Examination are:
a. Centered horizontally.
b. Blocked at the left margin.
c. Indented to the third tab stop (approximately 20 spaces)

2. The headings Direct Examination and Cross-Examination are:

a. Typed all in caps.
b. Typed in upper and lower case.
c. Underlined.

3. The examining attorney‟s name follows the type of examination

and appears:
a. Blocked at the left margin.
b. Centered.
c. Indented five spaces from the left margin.

4. Each new examination begins:

a. On a separate page.
b. Follows the previous examination by two blank spaces.
c. Follows the previous examination by four or five blank
spaces.

5. The text of Direct Examination and Cross-Examination testimony

are:
a. Single spaced.
b. Double spaced.
c. Other.

6. The headings Redirect Examination and Recross-Examination are:

a. Always centered.
b. Blocked at the left margin.
c. Indented five spaces from the left margin.

7. The heading Redirect Examination is followed by:

a. A double space.
b. One space.
c. A triple space.

8. The heading Recross-Examination is:

a. Always underlined.
b. Never underlined.
c. Put in italics.

9. The text of Recross-Examination is always:

a. Singled spaced.
b. Double spaced.
c. A triple space.

Page 67
10. The heading of Voir Dire Examination, is normally:
a. Centered.
b. Blocked at the left margin.
c. Indented five spaces from the left margin.

11. The heading, Voir Dire Examination, is always typed in:

a. Lower and upper case letters.
b. All capitals.
c. Underlined.

12. The first time the witness takes the stand for the prosecution,
it is called:
a. Direct examination by the defense attorney.
b. Direct examination by the plaintiff‟s attorney.
c. Direct examination by the People‟s attorney.
d. Direct examination by the respondent‟s attorney.

13. The indication that the witness has been sworn in should:
a. Precede each examination.
b. Follow each examination.
c. Be indicated when the witness takes the stand the first
time.
d. Be indicated when the witness takes the stand and re-
indicated when the witness resumes the stand, if the
examination has been interrupted.

14. The heading Rebuttal is:

a. Centered.
b. Blocked at the left margin.
c. Indented five spaces from the left margin.

15. The heading Rebuttal is:

a. Typed in all capitals.
b. Typed in lower and upper case.
c. Typed in capitals and underlined.

16. Surrebuttal is:

a. Started on a new page.
b. Immediately following rebuttal testimony.

17. How many blank spaces follow the headings Rebuttal and
Surrebuttal?
a. Two.
b. Three.
c. Four.
d. Five.

18. Rebuttal and Surrebuttal are:

a. Placed into separate volumes.
b. Place together according to volume size of the transcript.

Page 68
19. A deposition transcript always contains:
a. Reporter‟s certificate.
b. Notary seal.
c. Judge‟s signature.
d. All of the above.

20. The heading Examination is:

a. Always centered.
b. Blocked at the left margin.
c. Indented five spaces from the left margin.

21. The words “Resumed” and “Continued”:

a. Always follow the examination identification.
b. Are not indicated.
c. Not used.

22. A deposition transcript cannot exceed:

a. 10 pages.
b. 25 pages.
c. Doesn‟t matter.

23. A court transcript is normally grouped in volumes of:

a. 200 pages.
b. 300 pages.
c. 500 pages.

(transcript is not to exceed 300 pages. A normal break would be

at the end of the day at 250 - 300 pages.)

24. A parenthetical to indicate a recess is:

a. Centered.
b. Indented to the second tab stop approximately 10 to 12
spaces.
c. Indented to the third tab stop approximately 15 to 20
spaces.
d. Placed to the right of center.

25. Parentheticals are always typed in:

a. Upper and lower case.
b. Lower case only.
c. All capitals.

26. Parentheticals are:

a. Always underlined.
b. Never underlined.

27. Parenthetical contain:

a. No punctuation.
b. Necessary punctuation.
c. A period only.

Page 69
28. Most interpreters are:
a. Selected by the witness.
b. Court appointed.
c. Selected by the city, county, or state.

29. The notation that the interpreter was sworn is set up:
a. The same as when a witness is sworn.
b. Differently from when a witness is sworn.

30. The notation for an off-the-record exchange always appears:

a. In upper and lower case.
b. In all capitals.
c. In lower case.

31. Any discussion in the courtroom which is secondary to the actual

testimony is
a. Colloquy.
b. Off the record.
c. Not recorded.

32. The reporting of an off-the-record exchange is:

a. The responsibility of the reporter.
b. Not the responsibility of the reporter.

33. The opening and closing arguments are:

a. Always transcribed.
b. Never transcribed.
c. Transcribed according to the instructions of the Court.

34. Parentheticals that indicate the question or the answer was read
normally appear:
a. At the left margin.
b. Centered.
c. Indented to the second tab stop approximately 10 to 12
spaces.

35. The reporter should preface the reading of sections of testimony

with:
a. No speaker identification.
b. Speaker identification.
c. Quotation marks.

36. When parts of the body are being indicated, the reporter should:
a. Indicate those parts.
b. Allow the attorney to clarify the body parts for the
record.
c. Interpret which parts the witness is referring to.

37. When the witness nods his head, the reporter should indicate:
a. Whether the head was nodded in the affirmative or negative.
b. Wait for the attorney to clarify it.
c. Indicate “Witness nodded head.”

Page 70
38. When physical evidence is introduced in the courtroom:
a. It must be received in evidence.
b. It must be marked for identification.
c. both A and B.
d. A or B or both.

39. A parenthetical is sometimes used in the record to indicate:

a. Discussion in the courtroom corridors.
b. Coughing and laughing.
c. Visitation of a crime scene.

40. Further Redirect Examination and Further Recross-Examination

are:
a. Types of Voir Dire Examination.
b. Infrequent in occurrence.
c. Always part of Rebuttal Testimony.

41. Voir Dire Examination always follows:

a. Direct Examination.
b. Cross-Examination.
c. Neither of the above.

42. Rebuttal follows the presentation of witnesses and exhibits by:

a. The prosecution.
b. The defense.

43. The purpose of rebuttal is to strengthen the case of the:

a. Prosecution.
b. Defense.

44. The defense has an opportunity to refute points brought out in

rebuttal by the:
a. Prosecution.
b. Court.
c. Jury.

45. During Rebuttal the order of examination would:

a. Be the same.
b. Exclude Cross-Examination.
c. Exclude Redirect and Recross-Examination.

46. In a deposition proceeding, the examination of each new witness

is identified as:
a. Direct examination.
b. Examination.
c. Voir Dire Examination.

47. Normally, a deposition is the examination by the attorneys of:

a. One witness.
b. Two witnesses.
c. Any number of witnesses.

Page 71
48. In a deposition proceeding. objections are sustained and
overruled:
a. By the judge.
b. By the opposing attorney.
c. By no one.

49. When the flow of examination is interrupted in the courtroom by

a recess, lunch break, an adjournment, the reporter should re-
identify the examination and add the following word:
a. Resumed.
b. Continued.
c. Interrupted.

50. A witness in a deposition proceeding is:

a. Always sworn.
b. Never sworn.
c. Sworn only under certain circumstances.

51. Always indicate a parenthetical for:

a. Recesses.
b. Noise in the courtroom.
c. Adjournments.
d. A and C.

52. Conferences at the bench should be recorded only upon order of:
a. The prosecuting attorney.
b. The defense attorney.
c. The judge.

53. Conferences in chambers should be recorded:

a. From the courtroom.
b. While in chambers
c. From hearsay.

54. A parenthetical is always enclosed:

a. In parentheses.
b. In quotation marks.
c. In brackets.

55. When the proceedings are halted for unreported discussion, which
notation should be put in the record?
a. Off the record.
b. No testimony.
c. Leave it blank.

56. Off the record exchange is:

a. Always recorded.
b. Never recorded.

Page 72
57. An off -the-record discussion may be requested by:
a. The prosecuting attorney.
b. The judge.
c. The defense attorney.
d. Any of the above.

58. After an interpreter is sworn:

a. The witness‟ testimony is reported.
b. The interpreter‟s testimony is reported.
c. Both A and B.

59. The interpreter normally stands:

a. At the counsel table.
b. In the audience.
c. In close proximity to the witness.

60. Who decides whether courtroom proceedings should or should not

be recorded and transcribed?
a. The court reporter.
b. The judge.
c. The attorneys.

61. Parentheticals are used to:

a. Record non-verbal activities in the courtroom.
b. Eliminate reporter‟s transcribing time.
c. Eliminate controversial testimony.

62. When the question is reread by the court reporter:

a. It is recorded again verbatim.
b. It is indicated in the transcript with a parenthetical.
c. It is entered in italics in the final transcript.

63. When a question is reread:

a. The witness may answer it.
b. The attorney must instruct the witness to answer it.
c. The judge may instruct the witness to answer it.

64. When a parenthetical is used, it should be:

a. Short and descriptive.
b. Long and narrative.
c. Approved by both attorneys.

65. Parentheticals are used for physical indications such as:

a. Pointing.
b. Nodding head.
c. Demonstrating.
d. All of the above.

66. Parentheticals for physical indications should be:

a. Clear and concise.
b. Long and demonstrative.
c. Interpreted by the court reporter.

Page 73
67. Unless requested by the Court, which of the following is
normally not reported verbatim in the transcript:
a. Tape recordings.
b. Videotape dialogue.
c. Slides and movies.
d. All of the above.

68. When there is no audible response:

a. The reporter should make an indication.
b. Record the next question without any notation.
c. Try to interpret what the witness wanted to say.

69. When the witness or the attorney is indicating to parts of a

diagram and talking at the same time, the reporter should make:
a. No notation.
b. An indication in the transcript.
c. Should take down the testimony only and ask the witness or
the attorney what he meant during the recess.

70. Utterances that are unintelligible:

a. Should be recorded in some fashion.
b. Should not be recorded.

71. Utterances that are recorded should have:

a. Some meaning.
b. No definite meaning.

72. Utterances that have indefinite meanings include:

a. Er.
b. Hum .....
c. Hmmm.
d. All of the above.

73. The names in the case title should be typed in:

a. All capitals.
b. In upper and lower case.
c. In lower case.

74. In running text, “versus” should be shortened to:

a. vs.
b. v.
c. ver.

75. The names in the case title are:

a. The attorneys.
b. The plaintiff and the defendant.

76. When a case has only one party,the correct expression to use is:
a. In re.
b. In the matter of.
c. Both A and B are correct.
d. None of the above.

Page 74
77. In a divorce action, the parties are:
a. The plaintiff and the defendant.
b. The petitioner and the respondent.
c. The petitioner and the defendant.

78. If one of the parties is a company:

a. The company name should be abbreviated.
b. The company name should be indicated if full.
c. The company name should be shortened to initials.

79. A case may be cited:

a. Only during cross-examination.
b. Only during rebuttal.
c. At any time during the trial.

80. Cases that are cited are ones where:

a. A decision has not yet been reached.
b. A decision has been made.

81. In a case where the prosecutor is representing the state, the

plaintiff‟s side is referred to as:
a. The complainants.
b. The People.
c. The Government.

82. In cases where there is more than one defendant, the

abbreviation for “and others” is:
a. Etc.
b. Et al.
c. In re.

KEY
1. 22. 43. 64.
2. 23. 44. 65.
3. 24. 45. 66.
4. 25. 46. 67.
5. 26. 47. 68.
6. 27. 48. 69.
7. 28. 49. 70.
8. 29. 50. 71.
9. 30. 51. 72.
10. 31. 52. 73.
11. 32. 53. 74.
12. 33. 54. 75.
13. 34. 55. 76.
14. 35. 56. 77.
15. 36. 57. 78.
16. 37. 58. 79.
17. 38. 59. 80.
18. 39. 60. 81.
19. 40. 61. 82.
20. 41. 62.
21. 42. 63.

Page 75
 TRUE OR FALSE

1. The judge interprets questions of law.

2. The plaintiff‟s attorney may be the public defender.

3. The defendant‟s attorney may represent the People.

4. The witness takes the stand and testifies.

5. The clerk assists the judge.

6. The bailiff sequesters the jury.

7. The jury interprets questions of fact.

8. The jury foreman reads the verdict.

9. The court reporter makes a verbatim record of even off-the-

record proceedings.

10. Documents are served by the sheriff.

11. The defendant files the complaint.

12. The plaintiff files an answer.

13. The defendant my be called the respondent.

14. When a witness is questioned by the attorney for the

opposing side, it is called Direct Examination.

15. Voir dire is used to test the competency of a witness to

testify.

16. The case in chief is put on by the defendant‟s attorney.

Page 76
 MORE PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
1) CALJIC stands for:
a. California Jury Instructions Civil
b. California Jury Instructions Criminal
c. Civil and Legal Jury Instruction Compendium
d. Civil and Legal Jury Instructions Code

*(BAJI -- Bar approved jury instructions, jury instructions for a

civil case.)

2) Preliminary hearing transcripts must be filed within:

a. 10 court days
b. 10 calendar days
c. 20 court days
d. 20 calendar days

3) The total time for filing a criminal transcript on appeal is not

to exceed:
a. 60 days
b. 90 days
c. 80 days
d. 120 days

4) Calling a hostile witness is addressed under which section of

Code?
a. Penal Code 17
b. Civil Code 1538.5
c. Evidence Code 1538.5
d. Evidence Code 776

5) The best travel guide for the working reporter is most probably:
a. a California road atlas
b. a Simpson Guide
c. a California map
d. a Thomas Guide

6) In a deposition, the __________ administers the oath to the

witness:
a. the clerk
b. the judge
c. the attorney
d. the reporter

7) The __________ is where the reporter gathers and keeps all the
case
information:
a. the caption
b. the brief
c. the worksheet
d. the interrogatories

Page 77
8) When told to go off the record by the attorney representing one
side in a deposition, the reporter should:
a. check with the other attorney to see if they agree
b. check with the deponent to see if they agree
c. go off the record
d. refuse to go off the record

9) The best reference for checking the spelling of an attorney‟s

name:
a. the Parker Directory
b. the phonebook
c. the Martindale-Hubble directory
d. the attorney‟s business card

10) If a reporter is new working in court and doesn‟t know something

about reporting a specific assignment or preparing a transcript,
the reporter should ask:
a. the judge
b. another reporter
c. the court executive officer
d. the clerk

11) Your CSR license is renewed each year on:

a. the first day of the month of your birthday
b. the anniversary date of your passing the CSR
c. the last day of the month of your birthday
d. January 1st each year

12) If you do not pay your fees to keep your license current, you
may:
a. pay late fees and reinstate your license as long as three
years have not elapsed
b. pay late fees and retake the CSR
c. pay late fees and reinstate your license as long as five
years have not elapsed
d. pay late fees

13) If an attorney or researcher wants to find other cases that may

contain similar circumstances to the case being researched, they
may:
a. Shephardize the case
b. annotate the case
c. cross-reference the case
d. index the case

14) When told to go off the record by the attorney representing one
side in a court case, the reporter should:
a. check with the other attorney to see if they agree
b. check with the clerk to see if that procedure is proper
c. check with the judge to see if the judge agrees
d. go off the record

Page 78
15) A preliminary hearing would be heard in the:
a. superior court
b. municipal court
c. district court
d. appellate court

16) In a civil action, the right to open and close a case is

accorded to the party who:
a. is not required to offer any evidence
b. defends the action
c. is the first in alphabetical order
d. has the affirmative burden of proof

17) When counsel in a trial takes exception to a court ruling, it

means that:
a. an adjournment is required before additional evidence is
introduced
b. he formally objects to the Court‟s ruling
c. he withdraws his original objection
d. he wishes to give reasons for his original objections

18) Prosecution of crimes in Superior Court may result in the filing

of:
a. an information
b. an order to show cause.
c. a writ of certiorari
d. a summons

19) The CSR Board is composed of _____ members.

a. 3
b. 5
c. 7
d. 9

*(Two are licensed CSRs with at least five years of experience. The
governor appoints the CSRs and one other member. The California
legislature appoints the other two public members.)

20) The CSR Board is under the jurisdiction of the

a. California Supreme Court
b. California legislature
c. California governor
d. Department of Consumer Affairs

21) One of the purposes of the CSR Board is to

a. to prevent audio taping of court proceedings
b. to maintain competency in the profession
c. to protect the public
d. both B and C

Page 79
22) Which of the following posers does the CSR Board not have?
a. to license CSRs
b. to license notaries public
c. to establish minimum competency levels for CSRs
d. to discipline license holders

*(Secretary of State licenses NPs)

23) In order to practice shorthand reporting, a reporter must have a

currently valid CSR license. An exception to this requirement
exists if the reporter is:
a. only reporting depositions
b. licensed by another state
c. working as a full-time state hearing reporter
d. working as an official reporter

24) CSR licenses are valid for a _____ period.

a. 30-day
b. 6-month
c. 1-year
d. 3-year

25) A CSR may renew an expired license by:

a. paying all past fees
b. paying all late fees
c. filing an application
d. all of the above

26) If a CSR has allowed her license to expire for longer than a
period of ______ she must turn in her license and retake the CSR exam
in order to be recertified.
a. 1 year
b. 3 years
c. 5 years
d. 7 years

27) A reporter who has changed addresses must notify the CSR Board
in writing within ______ in order to avoid paying a late fee.
a. 10 days
b. 30 days
c. 90 days
d. 6 months

28) If a reporter acts unprofessionally, he is subject to

disciplinary action by the CSR Board. An example of such
conduct would be:
a. dressing unprofessionally
b. turning in one late transcript
c. failing to certify transcripts

Page 80
KEY

1. b 9. d 17. b 25. d
2. b 10. b 18. 26. b
3. c 11. c 19. b 27. b
4. d 12. a 20. d 28. c
5. d 13. a 21. c
6. d 14. c 22. b
7. c 15. b 23. c
8. a 16. d 24. c

*B & P Code outlines rules governing reporters and describes the

powers of the CSR Board. CSR Board upholds B & P Code by exercising
powers given to them by statute.
Powers of CSR Board:
Determine qualifications of applicants for CSR license
Charge and collect fees
Grant certificates or license to those who successfully finish
established requirements
Investigate written complaints against CSRs
Renew certificates

PREVIOUS CSR QUESTIONS

1.
Q What do you do with your depositions when you quit the
occupation?
A Deposit them with the court.
2.
Q What do you do with a deposition when it is completed?
A Give to attorney to give to plaintiff.
3.
Q How many days do you have to file a preliminary transcript when
defendant is bound over?
A 10 days.
4.
Q How many days to file a criminal appeal?
A 20 days.
5.
Q How many days to file a civil appeal?
A 30 days.
6.
Q What do you do on notice of criminal appeal?
A Transcribe automatically.
7.
Q What do you do when something is ordered stricken from the
record?
A Transcribe automatically as usual.
8.
Q What does “supra” mean?
A Above.

Page 81
9.
Q What must every reporter have on the cover of a transcript?
A CSR number.
10.
Q A summary of a case:
A Headnote.
11.
Q Governs taking of depos:
A Code of Civil Procedure.
12.
Q Where would you find a “normal case”?
A Government Code, Penal Code, Evidence Code, Book of Rules.
13.
Q Who notifies you of a criminal appeal?
A The clerk.
14.
Q How many days does a witness have to sign a depo after notice of
completion?
A 30 days.
15.
Q In 2 Cal 2d 585, what does 2d stand for?
A Second series.
16.
Q How many words per folio?
A 100 (One open flap of steno notes equal a folio.)
17.
Q How many folios per typed page?
A 2.333
18.
Q How many pages in a volume?
A 300
19.
Q The judge makes remarks that he later wants to take out of the
record. Do you take them out?
A No.
20.
Q When mailing a video, what do you do to protect it?
A Make sure it is X-ray proof.
21.
Q What does CCRA stand for?
A California Court Reporters Association
22.
Q B & P Code Transcript Reimbursement Fund is funded through the?
A CSR Board.
23.
Q You are reporting a job, and you hear what sounds like “Servant
Tenement.” What should you do?
A After researching the matter, change the phrase to “Servient
Tenement”.

Page 82
24.
Q Who recites the oath to the deponent when an interpreter is
being used?
A The interpreter.
25.
Q You do not understand the words of the deponent. What should
you do?
A Immediately stop the witness and ask him to repeat his words.
26.
Q When are proceedings held in camera transcribed?
A When requested by the judge.
27.
Q A deposition cannot be taken pursuant to a _________ .
A Notice.
28.
Q What code covers the retention and storage of an official
Reporter‟s notes?
A Government Code.
29.
Q What code covers where a reporter file‟s a civil transcript on
appeal?
A Rules of Court.
30.
Q Define the term “In Camera.”
A In judge‟s chambers.
31.
Q Parliamentary Procedures for meetings are found in _________ ?
A Robert‟s Rules of Order.
32.
Q A change of venue means:
A To change location of trial.
33.
Q Statutory Law originates from :
A Legislative Actions.
34.
Q Appeals from Municipal Court are first heard in the :
A Appellate Division, Superior Court.
35.
Q Where a defendant refuses to swear or doesn‟t believe in God,
his oath can be taken by:
A By affirming him.
36.
Q The purpose of the CSR Board is to :
A Protect the people of the State of California.
37.
Q The time limit to file a preliminary hearing transcript is :
A 10 days.
38.
Q To appeal a case from the Municipal Court, the Appellant would
need to file a :
A Notice of Appeal.

Page 83
39.
Q What Code would you find information for filing a transcript of
a Preliminary hearing?
A Penal Code.
40.
Q Res Ipsa Loquitor means :
A The thing speaks for itself
41.
Q Pendente Lite means :
A Pending the suit.
42.
Q The opposite of exculpate :
A Inculpate.
43.
Q A reporter has how many days in which to file the transcript
after a Grand Jury indictment:
A 10 days
44.
Q In propria persona means :
A representing yourself
45.
Q In setting forth a citation of a case, if there is a second
citation, it is set out in :
A Brackets.
46.
Q When the directed by an attorney to split the original and copy,
the reporter should:
A split the cost of the transcript.
47.
Q After the defendant has presented his initial case, the
plaintiff can present further evidence through :
A rebuttal
48.
Q The transfer of a right to real or personal property is called :
A assignment
49.
Q A Jurist is :
A a judge
50.
Q When the plaintiff has failed to prove his case, the defendant
can ask for :
A motion for nonsuit.
51.
Q A lawsuit is initiated by :
A complaint
52.
Q How many days to file a transcript in a Civil case on appeal:
A 30
53.
Q The original transcript of a Civil trial on appeal from the
Superior Court is filed with :
A clerk of the superior court.

Page 84
54.
Q Where would you find how long you have to transcribe notes from
a preliminary hearing:
A Penal Code
55.
Q When should a reporter go off the record :
A when all parties stipulate
56.
Q A reporter must certify that the deposition is true and correct
by signing :
A a certificate
57.
Q In a deposition, unless stipulated by counsel, the original of
the deposition transcript is retained by :
A the deposing counsel.
58.
Q Which of the following does not appear in a caption :
a) the full names of all parties
b) the case number
c) the nature of the damages
A
59.
Q A person who is appointed by a will to handle the decedent‟s
affairs and who ensures that the provisions of the will are
carried out is the :
A executor
60.
Q Statutory law refers to :
A notice of appeal
61.
Q A transcript on appeal in a Criminal case from the Superior
court must be filed within :
A 20 days
62.
Q The original of a deposition transcript must be kept for six
months after :
A final disposition of the case
63.
Q After a transcription is made of a deposition and notice has
been given that it is ready for corrections and signing, the
deponent must respond :
A in 30 days
64.
Q The original transcript of a Civil trial on appeal from the
Superior Court is filed with :
A Clerk of the Superior Court
65.
Q When the attorney who gives you notice for a deposition does not
show up and the opposing attorney wants to enter a statement on
the record, you should :
A take down the statement.

Page 85
66.
Q Where does one find the procedures for conducting depositions :
A Code of Civil Procedures
67.
Q Where would you find how long you have to transcribe notes of a
preliminary hearing :
A Penal Code.
68.
Q A person who does a civil wrong is a :
A tortfeasor
69.
Q A civil case on appeal from the Municipal Court would go to the
Appeallate Division of the :
A Superior Court
70.
Q The party taking the deposition is called the :
A deposing party
71.
Q The questioning of a witness before being allowed to testify
regarding a case is called :
A voir dire
72.
Q If a plaintiff wanted to sue for damages over $25,000.00 he
would file in the :
A Superior Court
73.
Q When has an attorney proven the corpus delicti of his case :
A when he has proven all the elements of a crime
74.
Q What does „discovery” mean in a civil lawsuit :
A investigating the case to find all the facts
75.
Q “in specie” means :
A in the same form
76.
Q “Sine Die” means :
A without a specific day
77.
Q A civil trial where you are not allowed to be represented by an
attorney :
A small claims
78.
Q A crime is generally classified according to :
A the possible punishment
79.
Q To charge, hold, or claim property to secure payment for work
done is :
A a mechanic‟s lien
80.
Q When may a reporter talk about a Grand Jury hearing :
A After the indictment has been entered and the proceedings have
been made public

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81.
Q Established to protect the rights of individuals in the judicial
process :
A due process
82.
Q Words commonly used in property description to refer to terminal
points and angles :
A metes and bounds
83.
Q What is the most permanent way to mark a rusty exhibit :
A tag and string
84.
Q As a reporter you have to make an appeals transcript; where do
you go for a reference to make a transcript:
A Rules of Court
85.
Q The rule which state that the parties cannot orally modify a W
written contract :
A parole evidence
86.
Q Where is a prayer for relief found :
A complaint
87.
Q The power of a court to hear a case and to render a decision
concerning theissues of the case :
A jurisdiction
88.
Q “Chattel” means :
A personal property
89.
Q “Antenupital” means :
A made or done before marriage
90.
Q To die without a will, is to die :
A intestate
91.
Q The term “inter alia” means :
A among other things
92.
Q Intestate succession would be found in the :
A Probate Code
93.
Q A person who acquires property from a will is an :
A heir
94.
Q The term “Et Ux” means :
A and wife
95.
Q What does “in pari delicto” mean :
A equally guilty

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96.
Q In a Civil proceeding going on appeal, how many days do you have
to file a transcript :
A 30 days
97.
Q The M‟Naughten rule generally refers to :
A a type of insanity plea
98.
Q The “normal record” refers to :
A the clerk‟s transcript
99.
Q State of trial where a witness is impeached or his veracity is
attacked is :
A cross-examination
100.
Q To prevent a person from sitting on a jury without any cause or
reason is :
A peremptory challenge
101.
Q A person appointed by the Court to administer a decedent‟s
estate :
A Administrator
102.
Q Where the state takes the decedent‟s property because the
decedent has no living heirs :
A escheat
103.
Q The transfer of real property by a will is called :
A devise
104.
Q Testimony by one who has first hand personal knowledge :
A direct testimony
105.
Q How many justices are there in the Supreme Court of California:
A 7
106.
Q Damages which are awarded for out-of-pocket losses are :
A compensatory
107.
Q The Superior Court has original jurisdiction over :
A felonies
108.
Q A witness that quotes someone else rather than testifying to
what he saw is :
A hearsay evidence
109.
Q The plaintiff is to the defendant, as the petitioner is to the :
A respondent
110.
Q What is a jurist?
A a judge

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111.
Q The transfer of real property by a deed :
A conveyance
112.
Q An action on breach of a $25,000.00 promissory note would be
brought in what court :
A municipal.
113.
Q The person who pursues an appeal is called :
A an appellant
114.
Q Unless otherwise stipulated, what period of time does the
deponent have to review and sign his deposition :
A 30 days after notification by the CSR
115.
Q A contract can be generally expressed as :
A quid pro quo
116.
Q When a higher court decides to review the decision of a lower
court:
A certiorari
117.
Q In 14 C.A.2nd 204, the 2d refers to :
A series

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 CONDENSED VERSION OF THE CALIFORNIA CODES
1996

BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONS CODE:

Regulates business and professions. Defines rules on
qualifications of CSRs, i.e., education, licensing, moral,
advertising, anything that is required by a CSR. Creates state
agency (Board) and regulates it. Tells what the Board‟s powers,
limitations and duties are.

CSR BOARD:
Consists of five members. Deals with suspension, revocation,
and denial of license for unprofessional conduct; complaints.

CALIFORNIA CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURES:

Procedural law, civil side. All procedural questions of HOW TO
FILE a complaint, pleadings, etc. Overall things: Duties of
reporter in superior and muni courts (official record); Jurisdiction
of courts: muni is $25,000 or less; Pleadings served and filed; Types
of motions; Statute of limitations on certain civil matter; Discovery
rules -- depos; CCP 2025 -- disposition of depo transcript.

CALIFORNIA RULES OF COURT:

Civil appeals: Notice to prepare transcripts, deposit of fees,
30 days from notice.
Criminal appeals: Contents of normal record, Marsden hearings,
deadlines (20 days plus two 30 day extensions = 80 days total),
number of copies in appeal, sanctions to compel compliance.

CODE OR REGULATIONS:
Use of license numbers (where to use); Functions of CSR Board;
Examination (specifics -- contents, ID Nos., review, appeals);
Certificate of registration (application and denial); Criminal
reports for corporations; Criteria for unfitness and rehabilitation
(specifics).

EVIDENCE CODE:
Tells what can be used at trial to prove a case and how it can
be used; Tells you the judge is the tryer of law and the jury is the
tryer of fact; Witnesses‟ competency and credibility; Expert
testimony and opinions; privileges and limitations of privileges;
Hearsay and other exclusions; Best evidence rule: Any kind of
tangible evidence ant testimony, what and how it can be used; Defines
examinations and order.

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GOVERNMENT CODE:
Regulates state agencies; Determines what records have to be
made available and how and when; Determines CSR Board‟s records
available and open to the public; Determines amount that can be
charged for trial transcripts and how notes are to be stored.
($0.85/folio, ER when reporters are not available in civil and
misdemeanor)

PENAL CODE:
Substantive laws, rights, duties, and punishment; NOT procedural
law; Defines classification of
offenses, i.e., murder, burglary, etc.; Tells reporter‟s
requirements for reporting criminal cases, indictments, prelims,
etc.; Grand jury: penalty is 1/2 the fee in prelim if not filed
within 10 days.

CALIFORNIA CONSTITUTION:
Supreme Court of California. Chief Justice and 6 associate
justices. 4 judges needed for concurrence.

U.S. CONSTITUTION:
U.S. Supreme Court jurisdiction -- appellate mostly. Original
jurisdiction over ambassadors and where a state is a party. 9
Justices.

Page 91
 CALIFORNIA CODES’ QUESTIONS
1. Section 776, examination of an adverse party or witness, is in
which code?
a. Evidence Code
b. California Rules of Court
c. Code of Civil Procedure
d. Government Code

2. In the citation 34 Cal. Rptr. 553, what does the 34 stand for?
a. page number
b. edition number
c. volume number
d. series number

3. What code tells where to file a deposition transcript?

a. Code of Civil Procedure
b. Government Code
c. Administrative Code
d. Evidence Code

4. Transcript fees which are charged by official and pro tem

reporters are found in the
a. Business and Professions Code
b. Code of Civil Procedure
c. Evidence Code
d. Government Code

5. Who is the judicial officer of the Bankruptcy Court?

a. Superior Court judge
b. Municipal Court judge
c. Receiver
d. Referee

6. Who prepares a “Notice to Prepare Reporter‟s Transcript”?

a. appellant
b. respondent
c. reporter
d. clerk of the court

7. A marsden hearing refers to:

a. proceedings on the jury voir dire
b. confidential in-camera proceedings
c. contents of record on appeal
d. rights of the accused in Superior Court

8. Section 776 of the Evidence Code refers to

a. the order of examination of witnesses
b. examination of an adverse party or witness
c. modes in which testimony may be taken of witness
d. Transcript Reimbursement Fund

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9. Exhibits from a court trial are the custody of the
a. court reporter
b. bailiff
c. judge‟s secretary
d. court clerk

10. If a witness refuses to sign his/her deposition transcript

a. the witness‟s attorney may sign instead
b. the document has the same force and effect as though signed
c. a writ of mandamus may be issued
d. a judge may demand signature by the witness

11. A reporter may suspend the taking of a deposition

a. never
b. on demand of the noticing attorney
c. when a motion for protective order has been made
d. B or C

12. Who is responsible for storing an original deposition transcript?

a. the noticing attorney
b. the clerk of the court
c. the court reporter
d. the judge‟s secretary

13. An explanation of the examination of adverse witnesses can be

found in the
a. Rules of Court
b. Code of Civil Procedure
c. Business and Professions Code
d. Evidence Code

14. The preservation of an official court reporter‟s notes is

mandated by the
a. Evidence Code
b. Government Code
c. Code of Regulations
d. Rules of Court

15. Disciplinary action against a licensed court reporter is

explained in the
a. Business and Professions Code
b. Code of Civil Procedure
c. Penal Code
d. Government Code

16. Civil and criminal appeals transcripts are discussed in the

a. Rules of Court
b. Government Code
c. Evidence Code
d. Code of Regulations

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17. The duties of the official court reporter in superior court are
described in the
a. Rules of Court
b. Code of Civil Procedure
c. Code of Regulations
d. Evidence Code

KEY
1. a
2. c
3. a
4. d
5. d
6. a
7. b
8. b
9. d
10. b
11. c
12. a
13.
14. b
15. a
16. a
17. b

Page 94
 MEDICAL COMPREHENSIVE

1. A directional term, meaning closest to the proximal

point of origin :
2. Found only in the nucleus of a cell : DNA
3. Fluid found in the bloodstream and between the extracellular
cells : fluid
4. The deepest layer of the epidermis : stratum
germinativum
5. A walled sac of fluid : cyst
6. Latin word root for skin : cuti
7. The largest bone of the lower leg : tibia(largest bone of
the leg, femur)
8. The ischium can be described as being in the : buttocks
9. Xiphoid process is part of the : sternum
10. Bone on the thumb side of the forearm : radius
11. Cheek bone : zygoma
12. A projection from a bone is called a : process
13. Hard, dense bone tissue : compact bone
14. The proximal and distal end of a long bone : epiphysis
15. The tailbone is called the : coccyx
16. Commonly called the shin bone : tibia
17. Round projection on temporal bone; behind the mastoid process
ear :
18. Shaft of long bones : diaphysis
19. Articulation : joint
20. Infant‟s soft spot : fontanel
21. Forms the forehead and bony sockets which frontal bone
contain the eyes :
22. Spongy, porous bone tissue : cancellous
23. An articulation which permits slight movement : amphiarthrosis
24. Fracture in which bone is splintered or crushed comminuted
fracture
25. Colles‟ fracture would be found in the : arm
26. Pott‟s fracture would be found in the : leg
27. An incomplete fracture of a long bone : greenstick
28. Grating sound heard by the rubbing together of crepitus
fractured bone :
29. State of tension present when one is awake : tonus
30. Life support movements; heart, digestive, are involuntary
handled by : muscles
31. Fibrous connective tissue that connects bones ligament
and supports organs :
32. A nerve cell : neuron
33. A network of blood vessels or nerves : plexus
34. Boundary between axon and dendrite a nerve synapse
impulse must cross :
35. The process of a nerve cell which conducts axon
impulses away from the cell body :
36. Which nervous system is mostly concerned with central nervous
voluntary movement and activities of system
consciousness :
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37. Protective membranes of the brain and spinal meninges
cord :
38. Which nerve controls the diaphragm : phrenic
39. Photosensitive cells of the retina : rods and cones
40. Vessel carrying deoxygenated blood from body vein
tissue to heart :
41. Deoxygenated blood enters the : right side of
the heart
42. Two major arteries that circle the heart; coronary
supply blood to the heart :
43. Which is the thickest of the four heart left ventricle
chambers :
44. And extra heart sound, heard between normal murmur
heart sounds :
45. Local widening of an artery : aneurysm
46. Instrument to measure pulse or pressure on sphygmomanometer
arterial wall :
47. Contractive phase of heartbeat : systole
48. Smallest of blood vessels : capillary
49. Largest artery in the body : aorta
50. The common carotid artery is found in the : neck
51. The circle of Willis is found in the : brain
52. The great saphenous vein is found in the : thigh
53. The cephalic vein is found in the : arm
54. A valve found between the left atrium and left mitral
ventricle of heart :
55. Masses of lymph tissue in the nasopharynx : adenoids
56. Fold of cartilage which cover the larynx : epiglottis
57. Exchange of gases at the tissue cell level : internal
respiration
58. Part of the pleural membrane lying closest to visceral pleural
the lungs :
59. Manufactures bile : liver
60. Wavelike movements of the digestive tubes : peristalsis

PAST MEDICAL CSR QUESTIONS

1. Supra means : above

2. Who is responsible for x-rays : roentgenologist
3. The tibia is in what part of the body : leg
4. Schisto, schizo means : split
5. A field specializing in neoplastic growths : oncology
6. A CT scan is a computerized : tomography scan
7. The main artery in the neck is : carotid
8. Within : intra
9. Sole of the foot : plantar
10. Peri means : around
11. Specialist who deals with deformities and orthopedist
diseases of the joints, tendons, bones, and
muscles :
12. What do you call an organ or part of the asymmetrical
Page 96
 body that is not equal on both sides :
13. Maxilla is found in the : head
14. When a witness is talking about the two superior
upper extremities:
15. Osteopathy concerns which system : skeletal system
16. When exudate oozes out of the bone for the callus
healing process :
17. Reduction of a fracture means : reducing
misalignment
18. What instrument would you use to look inside cystoscope
the bladder with :
19. Hepatitis is inflammation of : the liver
20. Zygomatic arch is where : skull
21. Ante means : preceding
22. Excision of part of skin for purpose of biopsy
viewing :
23. Ab means : away
24. In or into : enter
25. Tibia is the largest bone in : lower leg
26. Where is the ilium, ischium, innominate, os pelvis
coxa :
27. Abnormal sounds in respiratory system : rales
28. Bone broken in three or more parts, exposed compound
to air or body cavity : (Complicated:breaks and
injures organ;
Greenstick:child;
comminuted:splintered;
Closed:simple break)
29. A roentgenogram of the spinal cord : myelogram
30. A ramus is a : branch
31. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a disorder of the wrist
:
32. The intertransversarii, gluteus maximus, muscles
buccinator and the gastrocnemius are :
33. Mononucleous is a disease of the : blood
34. Wound made by tearing open skin : laceration
35. An immovable joint : cranial
36. Found in the head : mastoid process
37. Lower part of the small intestines : ileum
38. Major chest muscles: pectoralis major
39. TMJ means : temporomandibular
joint
40. Phleb is a medical root word for : vein
41. A group of symptoms running together : syndrome
42. Tachy means : fast
43. Who treats a slipped disk : orthopedist
44. What is the peritoneum : lining of
abdominal cavity
45. What does superficial mean : at the surface
46. The root word ceph means : head
47. The root word adip means : fat
48. Prognosis means : predicting the
outcome

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49. Palpation means : feeling with hands
50. Partial or complete excision of an organ : ectomy
51. Partial dislocation of a joint : subluxation
52. The nephron is the functioning unit of the : kidney
53. Word meaning throat : pharynx
54. Algia refers to : pain
55. Spondyl refers to : vertebra
56. PDR is used for : drugs
57. An Ambu bag is used for : resuscitation
58. Kyphosis means : humpback
59. What does not go through the diaphram : bile duct
60. Fear of heights : acrophobia
61. A mixture of papaya juice and other chymopapain
ingredients to prevent spurring of a disk :
62. Term for general mental deterioration : dementia
63. Sclera, ciliary prosesses pertain to : eyes
64. Proximal means : nearest
65. The act of swallowing Deglutition
66. Nearest; opposed to distal Proximal
67. Combining form meaning swift, rapid Tachy
68. White outer coat of the eyeball Sclera
69. Watery; prepared with water Aqueous
70. Pertaining to eyelashes, hairs on edge of Ciliary process
eyelid
71. Protrusion of fibrocartilage between Herniated disk
adjacent vertebrae; a slipped disk
72. X-ray film Roentgenogram
73. Record or tracing of muscle tissue activity Myogram
74. Reference book for medical doctors re PDR
Physicians‟ Desk Reference drugs and uses
75. Reference book for medical doctors re Merck Manual
diagnosis and therapy
76. A set of symptoms Syndrome
77. Chest muscle Pectoralis
78. Pertaining to the radius bone in the arm Brachioradialis
79. Hipbone : Illium, ischium, pubis Os innominata
80. First cervical vertebra Atlas
81. Cheek, cheek bone Malar
82. Buttock muscle Gluteus maximus
83. Calf muscle Gastrocnemius
84. Membrane lining abdominopelvic walls Peritoneum
85. Inflammation of the membrane of the uterus Endometritis

Page 98
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

HELPFUL GRAMMAR HINTS............................................1

EFFECT vs. AFFECT................................................2
WHO vs. WHICH vs. THAT...........................................4
WHO, WHOM, WHOEVER, and WHOMEVER.. ...............5
WORD USAGE.......................................................7
GOOD/WELL
BESIDE/BESIDES
BETWEEN/AMONG...................................................10
LAY/LIE... .....................................................11
IMPLY/INFER
PRINCIPAL/PRINCIPLE.............................................12
MORE WORD USAGE.................................................13
VERB TENSE......................................................18
IRREGULAR VERBS.................................................19
COMPUTER TERMS..................................................21
CSR VOCABULARY..................................................23
SPELLING TEST...................................................31
MORE VOCABULARY.................................................33
ENGLISH MECHANICS...............................................35
CSR PREP STUDY GUIDE............................................55
MECHANICS OF A TRIAL... ........................................63
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE...........................................66
PREVIOUS CSR QUESTIONS..........................................80
CONDENSED VERSION OF CALIFORNIA CODES. ......87
MEDICAL COMPREHENSIVE...........................................91
PAST CSR MEDICAL QUESTIONS......................................93

Page 99