Topic: Neutrophils

Neutrophils are the most common type of white blood cell and are a critical component
of the body's immune system. They play an essential role in defending the body against
bacterial and fungal infections.

Structure:

• Neutrophils are small, spherical cells with a multi-lobed nucleus and granules in
the cytoplasm.
• They contain enzymes and other substances that are involved in killing and
digesting bacteria and other foreign invaders.

Function:

• Neutrophils are involved in the body's innate immune response, which is the first
line of defense against infections.
• They recognize and engulf bacteria and other foreign invaders in a process called
phagocytosis.
• They release toxic substances, such as hydrogen peroxide and enzymes, to kill
and digest the engulfed bacteria and other foreign invaders.

Production:

• Neutrophils are produced in the bone marrow and are regulated by various
hormones and cytokines.

Life span:

• The life span of neutrophils is relatively short, ranging from a few hours to a few
days.
• Once they have engulfed bacteria or other foreign invaders, they usually die and
are cleared from the body.

Disorders:

• Neutropenia is a condition characterized by low levels of neutrophils, making

individuals more susceptible to infections.
• Neutrophil dysfunction can lead to recurrent infections, such as in chronic
granulomatous disease.
 • Neutrophilic leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes are cancers that affect
the bone marrow and the production of neutrophils.

In conclusion, neutrophils are a critical component of the body's immune system that
play an essential role in defending the body against bacterial and fungal infections.
Understanding their structure, function, production, life span, and disorders is important
for medical and physiological purposes.