Information System Analysis

and Design
Lec 6
 The Analysis Phase Activity

• Determining System Requirements information

• Structured those information requirements

 Methods for Determining Requirements

• Traditional Methods for Determining Requirements:

• Interviewing and Listening
a. Interviewing individuals
b. Interviewing groups
• Questionnaire
• Modern Methods for Determining System Requirements
• joint application design (JAD) and prototyping
 Interviewing and Listening

Interviewing is one of the primary ways analysts gather information

about an information systems project
a. Interviewing individuals & Interviewing groups.
b. Selecting Interviewees.
c. Choosing Interview Questions
d. Interview Guidelines
 Questionnaire
• A set of written questions, often sent to a large number of people.
• May be paper-based or electronic.
• Select participants using samples of the population.
• Design the questions for clarity and ease of analysis.
• Administer the questionnaire and take steps to get a good response rate.
• Questionnaire follow-up report.
 Structured information requirements
• Process modeling :
involves graphically representing the processes, or actions, that capture,
manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment
and among components within a system. A common form of a process model
is a data-flow diagram (DFD).
Data-flow diagram (DFD) :
A graphic that illustrates the movement of data between external entities and
the processes and data stores within a system.
 Process Data-Flow Diagramming(PDFD)
• Context data flow diagram (DFD)
• DFDs of current physical system
• DFDs of current logical system
Data-flow diagrams are versatile diagramming tools. With only four symbols,
data-flow diagrams can represent both physical and logical information systems.

The set of four symbols we use in this course, it was developed by Gane and
Sarson (1979).
 Process
The work or actions performed on data so that
they are transformed, stored, or distributed.

Data store :
Data at rest, which may take the form of
many different physical representation

Source/sink
The origin and/or destination of data; sometimes
referred to as external entities

Data flow a data flow is depicted as an arrow. The arrow is

labeled with a meaningful name for the data in motion. Always
starts or ends at a process
Process

Data flow

Data store

External
entity
Rules Governing Data-Flow Diagramming
 A context diagram of Hoosier
Burger’s food-ordering system.
The system includes one process
(food-ordering system), four data
flows (customer order, receipt,
food order, management
reports),
and three sources/sinks
(customer,
kitchen, and restaurant manager)