My

Portfolio – Unit 4

Name: Raymundo
Last Name: Cano Yáñez
Course: Advanced 11
Schedule: 10:30 – 12:00pm
 Vocabulary Log
1.- Perception: A thought, belief, or opinion, often held by many
people and based on appearances. Examples:
- Even though he had done nothing illegal, the public’s perception
was that he had acted dishonestly, and he was forced to resign.
- There is a general perception that exams are becoming easier to
pass.
2.- Cognition: The use of conscious mental processes. Examples:
- A book on human learning, memory, and cognition.
- Social cognition and emotional status were also evaluated.
3.- Controversy: a disagreement, often a public one, that involves
different ideas or opinions about something. Examples:
- Publication of the article unleashed a scientific controversy that
raged for years.
- The president’s decisions stirred up a lot controversy.
4.- Behavior: A particular way of acting. Examples:
- Many people complained about the behavior of some of the fans,
who were loud and threatening to those around them.
- This approach can help identify common behaviors and their
causes.
5.- Apparently: According to what seems to be true or what is likely,
based on what you know. Examples:
- The computer trouble was apparently caused by a programming
error.
- Apparently, it is going to rain today.
6.- Category: A grouping of people or things by type in any
systematic arrangement. Examples:
- The light trucks weigh less than 5,000 pounds and are in a
category that includes minivans, pickups, and sport utility vehicles.
- Each category has several subdivisions.
7.- Unconscious: Not conscious. Examples:
- The fall from his horse knocked him unconscious for several
minutes.
- She was found unconscious and bleeding.
8.- Obvious: Easily seen, recognized, or understood. Examples:
- An obvious solution.
- For obvious reasons, he needs to find work soon.
9.- Acquired: To obtain or begin to have something. Examples:
- His family acquired the property in 1985.
- She acquired her love of the outdoors as a child.
10.- Approach: To deal with something. Examples:
- We should approach this problem logically.
- From the start, Bram and Arend had a professional approach.
11.- Unique: Being the only existing one of its type or, more
generally, unusual or special in some way. Examples:
- Each person’s DNA is unique.
- Barcelona has a heritage cultural and artistic unique in Europe.
12.- Achieve: To do or obtain something that you wanted after
planning and working to make it happen. Examples:
- She achieved her objective of qualifying for the US Olympic team.
- I am hopeful that we can achieve peace eventually, but it is not
going to be easy.
13.- Viable: Able to exist, perform as intended, or succeed.
Examples:
- He company had to seek other ways to remain viable.
- He would be a viable candidate for any office he wanted to run
for.
14.- Discern: To be able to see, recognize, understand, or decide
something. Examples:
- He could discern the note of urgency in their voices.
- The exhibit is arranged in no important order that the viewer can
discern.
15.- Confront: To deal with a difficult problem, situation, or person.
Examples:
- He forced the country to confront the issue of deforestation.
- When I took office, I was confronted with new guidelines.
16.- Sensory: Of or related to the physical senses of touch, smell,
taste, sight, and hearing. Examples:
- This manual is composed of twenty-five sessions of sensory
awakening.
- You are invited to live a very special sensory experience.
17.- Trait: A characteristic, esp. of a personality. Examples:
- This trait involves only one gene that can cause several variations.
- This is generally a trait peculiar to the strong man.

For this part I have used The Cambridge Dictionary.

Part 2
EXPRESS OPINIONS.
1.- Oskar Pfungst proved that Clever Hans was not able to solve
mathematical problems. Do you still believe that Hans showed
intelligence by learning to “read” the movements of his questioners
and audience members?
In my opinion, I think that animals act more by instinct than by
intelligence because the fact that an animal learns a trick does not mean
that the animal is aware of what it is doing, so I believe that animals can
learn certain behaviors by repetition.
2. Temple Grandin feels that seizure alert dogs are showing signs of
high intelligence. Others may say that what they do is really just an
example of animals reacting based on instinct. What is your opinion?
Explain.
I think it is just instinct because an animal is not aware of what it learns,
as humans are. Most animals learn things to receive a reward or reward,
and that does not necessarily make them smarter.
3. Share examples of animal behavior you have witnessed that you think
exhibit intelligence. Do these examples relate to Temple Grandin’s idea
of what animal intelligence is?
Some examples are the chimpanzee, the horse and the octopus. these
examples are not related to Temple Gradin's idea because she suggests
that many animals have extreme perception which is different from
animals having intelligence.

Part 3
COMPREHENSION
1. It is difficult to define animal intelligence because:
a. animals have extreme sensory perception
b. intelligence has different meanings depending on the species of
animal.
c. what is intelligent for one species may not be for another.
2. The presence of human traits in animal behavior may not be a good
indicator of animal intelligence because:
a. an animal’s ability to imitate human behavior may have no value in its
own life.
b. animals may have other types of intelligence that humans lack.
c. animals are given tasks based on human behavior.
3. Despite the fact that dolphins apparently are very intelligent based
on their brain size, we cannot optimally measure their intelligence
because:
a. we cannot use language to communicate.
b. the concepts and terms used to calculate animal intelligence are
oſten borrowed from human psychology.
c. they live in a very different environment
4. If humans do not come out on top in intelligence tests compared to
animals, then researchers assume that :
a. it is due to comparable cognition in different species.
b. there is something wrong with the assessment.
c. the test must have been similar to the animal’s, and not the human’s,
natural environment.
5. A new way of assessing animal intelligence, the bottom-up method,
involves finding a cognitive trait and investigating how the neural
system guides this trait. An advantage of this method is that:
a. many animals have minuscule brains.
b. researchers can find traits they didn’t even know existed in animals.
c. it allows researchers to understand the use of neural networks.
6. For scientists to eventually be able to effectively assess animal
intelligence, they need to
a. develop better tools and methods.
b. develop new theories.
c. develop facial recognition.

PART 4
1.- Was Clever Hans the unique horse in the world that knew how to count?
2.- Did Clever Hans receive unconscious signals from his owner when he
learned to count?
3.- Did Clever Hans have sensory abilities?
4.- Is the Clever Hans case an obvious fraud or a clear demonstration of
animal intelligence?
5.- Is discussing whether an animal is intelligent or not a controversy?

PART 5
3.- Binti the gorilla who is best known for an amazing incident that
occurred on August 16, 1996.
4.- I spoke to a man who had trained dolphins and whales.
5.- Psychologists who study many animals live in zoos.
6. - I saw my friend that her dog could predict seizures before they
started.
7.- We saw the dolphin, which performed some spectacular feats.
8. - The psychologist, who had studied at the University of Berlin,
developed a new test for animal intelligence.
9.- The morning was sunny and hot, which the dogs saved Mrs.
Standley
10.- The contraband was in an old brown suitcase, which was
discovered by the forensic dog.