MT225-Material and Manufacturing Process

Department of Mechatronics Engineering

Materials and Manufacturing Process

Assignment#2

Name: Salahuddin Muhammad Abdullah

Roll Number: 211260

Class: BEMTS-F-21-4A

Submitted To: Muhammad Rizwan Afzal

Date: March 15, 2023

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 MT225-Material and Manufacturing Process

Q#1 Describe the difference between quality assurance and quality control?

Quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) are two important concepts that are used
in the field of quality management to ensure that products or services meet the desired quality
standards.

Quality Assurance:
Quality assurance refers to the process of planning, designing, and implementing
systems, procedures, and policies that ensure that a product or service is delivered to the
customer with the desired level of quality. In other words, QA is the set of activities that are
focused on preventing defects and errors from occurring in the first place. It involves creating a
framework that ensures that all processes and procedures are in place to achieve the desired level
of quality.
Quality Control:
Quality control refers to the process of evaluating a product or service to determine
whether it meets the desired level of quality. In other words, QC is the set of activities that are
focused on identifying defects and errors after they have occurred, and then correcting them to
ensure that the product or service meets the desired level of quality. QC involves conducting
inspections, tests, and audits to identify and eliminate defects and errors.
Q#2 What are the measurement and manufacturing standards being adopted
in manufacturing industries for different materials? Also describe what is the
importance of having standards?

Measurement and manufacturing standards are critical in manufacturing industries as they help
ensure consistent quality and safety of products. Some of the common measurement and
manufacturing standards that are adopted in manufacturing industries for different materials are:
Having standards is important for several reasons:

Consistency: Standards provide a common language and a set of guidelines that ensure
consistency in the manufacturing process, leading to consistent quality of products.

Safety: Standards help ensure the safety of products by setting minimum safety
requirements for materials, products, and processes.

Compliance: Standards are often used as a basis for regulatory compliance and help companies
ensure that they are meeting legal and regulatory requirements.

Innovation: Standards promote innovation by providing a platform for the exchange of ideas
and best practices.

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 MT225-Material and Manufacturing Process

Global Trade: Standards facilitate global trade by providing a common basis for quality
and safety requirements, making it easier for products to be traded across borders.

Q#3 Highlight some key differences in products resulting from Powder

metallurgy and casting process? For metal and metal alloys which one is the
most suitable process from an economic point of view?

Powder metallurgy and casting are two different manufacturing processes that are used to
produce metal products. The key differences between products resulting from these processes
are:

Material properties: Products made by powder metallurgy generally have better mechanical
properties, such as strength, hardness, and wear resistance, compared to products made by
casting. This is because the powder metallurgy process involves the compaction of metal
powders under high pressure, which results in a more uniform and dense product.

Complexity:
Powder metallurgy can be used to produce complex shapes and parts with high precision,
whereas casting is limited to simpler shapes and may not achieve the same level of precision.

Surface finish:
Products made by casting typically have a rougher surface finish compared to products
made by powder metallurgy, which can have a smoother and more uniform surface finish.

From an economic point of view, the most suitable process for producing metal products depends
on various factors, such as the size and complexity of the product, the required mechanical
properties, and the production volume.

Casting is generally more suitable for producing larger and simpler shapes in high
volume, as the tooling costs for casting are lower than for powder metallurgy. However, for
smaller and more complex shapes, powder metallurgy may be more suitable despite the higher
material costs and tooling costs, as it can achieve higher precision and better mechanical
properties.

In general, a cost-benefit analysis should be conducted to determine the most suitable

process for a specific product, taking into account the factors mentioned above.