Biology 1

Functional
Anatomy of
Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic
Cells
PROKARYOTES
-organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and
other organelles.
-most prokaryotes are single-celled
organisms that have a relatively simple
structure.
A
prokaryotes
Family Tree
-most bacteria range from
0.2 to 2.0 micrometer in
diameter and from 2 to 8
micrometer in length.
Coccus (plural
cocci) meaning
berries.
Bacillus (plural
cocci) meaning little
rods or walking
sticks.
Spirilla (singular
spirillum) meaning have
a helical shape, like a
corkscrew, and rigid
bodies
Glycocalyx
-prokaryotes secrete on their surface.
-meaning sugar coat
-The bacterial glycocalyx is a viscous (sticky), gelatinous polymer that is
external to the cell wall and composed of polysaccharide, polypeptide,
or both. Its chemical composition varies widely with the species. For
the most part, it is made inside the cell and secreted to the cell surface.
If the substance is organized and is firmly attached to the cell wall, the
glycocalyx is described as a capsule.
Arrangements of bacterial flagella
-prokaryotic ells about 3.5 to 4 billion years ago
-2.5 year ago, eukaryotic cells evolved prokaryotic
cells

-Lynn Margulis (endosymbiotic theory)