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The smallest unit All beings are Cells come in

of life is cell. composed of one different shapes
or many cells. and sizes.
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF CELL:

PROKARYOTIC CELLS
AND
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
PROKARYOTIC CELL

o Greek word “pro” means before and

“karyon” means nut or kernel.

o A single celled organism that does not have

nucleus.
PROKARYOTIC CELL

o They do not have a nucleus, and their

genetic material is not stored in the
nucleus.
o They have some organelles, but not many.
o They are less complicated.
o Ex. Cyanobacteria, bacteria, archea
 PROKARYOTIC MICROORGANISMS, ARE SINGLE –
CELLED MICROSCOPIC ORGANISMS THAT LACK
NUCLEI AND OTHER ORGANIZED CELL STRUCTURES.
BACTERIA IS THE PLURAL FORM OF
BACTERIUM.
SEVERAL SPECIES ARE
PATHOGENIC.
Most are non – infectious, and many have critical roles:

Decay

Fermentation

Nutrient recycling

Nitrogen fixation
COMMON BACTERIAL
CELL ARRANGEMENTS
 Sarcina
Diplo Tetrad
e
Staphyl
Strepto
o
SIZE OF BACTERIA
- The average diameter of spherical bacteria is
0.5 – 2.0 mm.

- For rod – shaped or filamentous bacteria,

length is 1 – 10 mm and diameter is 0.25 –
1mm.
WHERE CAN
WE FOUND
BACTERIA?
FOUND
EVERYWHERE!
• UNDER THE EARTH
• IN THE AIR
• AT HIGH TEMPERATURE
• IN POLAR REGIONS
• OBJECTS WITHIN
OBJECTS
STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA AND FUNCTION
FLAGELLA
- Singular of flagellum
- Made up of linear proteins called flagellins.
- Give the ability to move.
CAPSULE
ATTACHMENT TO SURFACES
PROTECTION AGAINST PHAGOCYTIC ENGULFMENT.
RESERVE OF NUTRIENTS OR PROTECTION AGAINST DESICCATION.
PLASMA MEMBRANE
- Made up of layer of phosphate (hydrophilic) and made
up of two layers of fatty acids (hydrophobic)
- Selectively permeable that helps control what moves
into and out of its cell.
CHROMOSOMES
TANGLE OF DOUBLE – STRANDED DNA,
NOT SURROUNDED BY A MEMBRANE
AND LOCALIZED IN THE CYTOPLASM.
CYTOPLASM AND RIBOSOMES
HOLDS THE ORGANELLES IN PLACE
AND FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
CELL WALL
PROTECTIVE LAYER MADE UP OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN,
THAT CAN BE CATEGORIZED AS GRAM+
(VIOLET/BLUE) AND GRAM- (RED, PINK)
BACTERIA ARE ALIVE!
THEY REPRODUCE
THEY NEED TO EAT
HOW DO
THEY
REPRODUCE?
GROW IN NUMBER
MAKE COPIES OF THEMSELVES BY DIVIDING IN
HALF
HOW DO
THEY EAT?
MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD FROM SUNLIGHT
SOME ARE SCAVENGERS
EUKARYOTIC CELL

o Greek word “eu” means good or true and

“karyon” means nuts or kernel.

o A more complex cell with a nucleus and

many organelles.
EUKARYOTIC CELL

o They all have a nucleus where the genetic

material of the cell is stored.

o They have many organelles that work

together to help the cell function.
EUKARYOTIC CELL

o Much more complex than prokaryotic.

o They can be just one cell or can make up
more complex multi – cellular organisms.
o Ex. Plants, animals, fungi and protists.
PLANT CELLS AND
ANIMAL CELLS:

SIMILARITIES
• Both have cell membranes that enclose
the cell.
• Both are filled with cytoplasm.
• Both have a nucleus.
• Both have ribosomes.
 PLANT CELLS AND ANIMAL CELLS:
SIMILARITIES

o Both have mitochondria.

o Both have vacuoles.
o Both have endoplasmic reticulum.
o Both have golgi bodies.
PLANT CELLS AND ANIMAL
CELLS:

DIFFERENCES
• Plant cells have cell walls, animal cells do
not have.
• Plant cells have chloroplasts, animals cells
do not have.
• Animal cells have lysosomes, plant cells do
not.