CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Background of the study

Computer System Servicing (CSS) is a vocational program that teaches students

how to install, configure and maintain computer systems and networks. It develops

students' skills in diagnosis and troubleshooting of computer systems, as well as in the

performance of computer operations, keeping computers well maintained can prevent

viruses and malware, and keep your computer in good working order. Computers are

very useful in the education field and can improve student performance in learning. Even

distance learning is made possible through internet, and video-based classes. Life is

interesting because of challenges, and conquering those challenges is what makes for

meaningful life. In this modern world researchers prepare the new generation especially

the students capable of dealing with technology and modern times skills. Thus, there are

also challenges encountered by the students in dealing with such operating systems.

“Challenges are what makes life interesting and overcoming that is what makes life

meaningful” by Joshua J. Marine. In this modern world we prepare the new generation

especially the students capable of dealing with technology and modern times skills.

Computer servicing is the process of maintaining and repairing computers and

computer peripherals. It can involve anything from malware removal and software

updates to hardware repairs and troubleshooting. Servicing is often performed by IT

professionals, this program enhances a student’s ability in basic computer application

programs, Windows installation and PC software and hardware support. Also covered in
the program are simple programming and creation of budget projections based on

departmental needs.

Mukalele Roger (2013) states the lack of qualified teachers to teach ICT in school

specifically in Uganda. The demand offer ICT learning has been tremendous and the

number of teachers who are trained cannot meet the demands. Lack of computers;

computers are still very expensive and despite spirited efforts by the government

agencies. The Southeast Asia consists of eleven (11) states, especially in Bangladesh,

David

An essential element in modern lives as everything around us depends highly on

researchers from the prominent business owners and entrepreneurs to the working

professionals, students, and adults, everyone uses computers for various purposes. Due to

computers’ expanded service, researchers are also taught to students in school life as a

compulsory subject and then in higher education as an optional one. Computers are useful

in enhancing the efficiency of any work and are also crucial for offering the best results.

Thus, computers are an essential part of modern lives globally, and it is impossible to

work in various fields without them. This year’s findings followed largely along these

lines as well, though some new challenges were identified as well. In the country, the

Philippines has the major problems of the students and teachers in associating the

computer and programming hardware and software and lack of supplies of computers and

lack of teaching by the teachers.

This study will determine to know the challenges and experience that encounter

of grade 11 Technical Vocational Livelihood Computer System Servicing. Additionally,

the researchers conducted this study to aid students or general public members who were
unaware of the importance of computer systems maintenance by educating the students

on what that role in society entails.

This research study focuses on challenges in computer system servicing

experience by the grade 11-TVL CSS of Legazpi City National High School. This aims

to measure the effectivity of strategies used among the students and how these strategies

build a challenges and experience among them. Not all strategies fit among the students.

We all know that each student is truly unique. They have different learning styles and

some have learning difficulties. In this situation, Researchers found out of lacking in

basic knowledge in learning computer or don't have a background learning about it,

maybe because of lack of facilities. Some may fail, some may frustrate and some may not

have interest at all. This study will surely determine on how the student deals with

challenges, choices and responses, and to avoid becoming victims to themselves by their

own lack of knowledge, skills or understanding.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to describe the challenges encountered by the grade 11 Technical

Vocational Livelihood Computer System Servicing in the Legazpi City National High

School S.Y.2022-2023.

Specifically, this study aimed to answer the following queries:

1, What are the difficulties in computer systems servicing experienced by the students of

Grade 11 Technical Vocational Livelihood Computer System Servicing strand?

2, How do the respondents handle the challenges they encountered towards Computer

Systems Servicing?

3, What are the reasons why they experience challenges?

4, What are the possible solutions that students can do to avoid challenges?

Scope and Delimitation

The scope of our study is to know the challenges of grade 11 Technical

Vocational Livelihood Computer System Servicing of Legazpi National High School, the

main purpose of our study is to point out the challenges and experienced that may

encounter and only focuses on challenges and to offer solutions for any problems that

students in that grade may encounter. The major goal of this investigation is to ascertain

and understand the difficulties faced by grade 11 TVL CSS students at Legaspi City

National High School.

Significance of the Study

The useful and relevant information derive from the result of the study will be

beneficial to the following. Many people in Legazpi City National High School can learn
more about some of the researchers' ideas or beliefs through this study and would like to

contribute to the following:

Students. The data gathered will provide relevant learning to students on how

they will deal with their challenges and enables students to adjust to their own pace of

learning or enhance their performance in academics by facing experience and in life

itself.

Teachers. Data given will provide the teachers can gain from the study by gaining

new knowledge and by not making mistakes or running into problems while carrying out

tasks related to the computer system servicing strand.

Future Researcher. They can use the research study as a reference material for future

research in line with the present stud. The result of the study can serve as an essential

basis of the future researcher.

Computer Shop Owners. This study will benefit to the computer shop owners to help

the owners to gain more knowledge about computer system servicing and through this

study can enhance the skills of the owners in managing the shop.

Computer Technicians. The result of this study can help the computer technicians to

learn more some knowledge about on computer systems servicing and the computer

technicians can also know on how to avoid some incidents or accidents while repairing

some computer parts.

Reference:

Fluck, A, Pullen, D., and Harper, C. (2009). Case study of a computer based examination

system. Australasian Journal of Educational Technolog,25.

https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.1126

Jayme, M.(Teacher Mej TV). (2020, June 5). Introduction to TVL-ICT Computer Systems

Servicing (CSS) Computer Systems Servicing Guide. [Video]. Youtube.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8-2Rjgdgu0

Alandejani, J. & Almadani, F. (2018). ICT Adoption Impact on Students’ Academic

Performance:Evidence from Saudi Universities,2018.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1240197
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

This chapter present the review of related literature and studies that were gathered

from book, magazines, and the internet which are relevant to the present study. It also

includes the synthesis of the state-of-the-art, gap bridged by the study, theoretical and

conceptual frameworks, and the definition of the key terms. It shows a retrospective

presentation of previously written material: relevance and significant to the research

under

consider.

RELATED LITERATURE

Since the 1990s, the world has seen significant changes in the landscape of

education as a result of the ever-expanding influence of technology. One such

development is the adoption of online learning across different learning contexts, whether

formal or informal, academic and non-academic, and residential or remotely. We began

to witness schools, teachers, and students increasingly adopt e-learning technologies that

allow teachers to deliver instruction interactively, share resources seamlessly, and

facilitate student collaboration and interaction (Elaish et al., 2019; Garcia et al., 2018).

Although the efficacy of online learning has long been acknowledged by the education

community. (Barrot, 2020, 2021; Cavanaugh et al., 2009; Kebritchi et al., 2017; Tallent-

Runnels evidence on the challenges in its implementation continues to build up.

 //////66666Recently, the education system has faced an unprecedented health crisis

(i.e., COVID-19 pandemic) that has shaken up its foundation. Thus, various governments

across the globe have launched a crisis response to mitigate the adverse impact of the

pandemic on education. This response includes, but is not limited to, curriculum

revisions, provision for technological resources and infrastructure, shifts in the academic

calendar, and policies on instructional delivery and assessment. Inevitably, these

developments compelled educational institutions to migrate to full online learning until

face-to-face instruction is allowed. The current circumstance is unique as it could

aggravate the challenges experienced during online learning due to restrictions in

movement and health protocols (Gonzales et al., 2020; Kapasia et al., 2020). Given

today’s uncertainties, it is vital to gain a nuanced understanding of students’ online

learning experience in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. To date, many studies have

investigated this area with a focus on students’ mental health.

ICT skills were mainly as informative, constructive, communicative, or situated

tools. Some of the challenges students faced in acquiring ICT skills were related to

internet connectivity, lack of software and hardware resources and lack of software and

hardware resources and lack of practical skills.

(Yu, 2018) The Philippines government implemented the k -12 because of the

poor quality of basic education and the Philippines was one of only 3 countries in the

world and only one in Asia that still had only 10 years in basic education. Senior High

School provides opportunities for students to concentrate on a certain field in Business,

Science and Engineering. Humanities and Social Science, and General Academics. They
will also be exposed to sports. Arts and Design, and Technical-Vocational-Livelihood

courses depending on the track they will choose.

In this way, the program will be maximized. And if a problem arises in the

computer part, the teacher can attend to it immediately without calling the help of a third-

party computer technician. Needs assessment is necessary in order to determine the level

of competency of the teachers. A proposed training in installing computer systems and

networks, diagnose and troubleshoot computer system, configure computer systems and

networks, and maintain computer systems and networks which are the four-core

competency of TESDA’s NC2 Computer Systems Servicing Course will be an extension

program if there is a need for training because a sustainable laboratory has an impact in

teaching and learning.

In terms of strategies employed by students, the most frequently used were

resource management and utilization, help-seeking, technical aptitude enhancement, time

management, and learning environment control. Implications for classroom practice,

policy-making, and future research are discussed. These events have sparked the digital

transformation of higher education and challenged its ability to respond promptly and

effectively. Schools adopted relevant technologies, prepared learning and staff resources,

set systems and infrastructure, established new teaching protocols, and adjusted their

curricula. However, the transition was smooth for some schools but rough for others,

particularly those from developing countries with limited infrastructure

(Pham & Nguyen, 2020; Simbulan, 2020) Inevitably, schools and other learning

spaces were forced to migrate to full online learning as the world continues the battle to

control the vicious spread of the virus. Online learning refers to a learning environment
that uses the Internet and other technological devices and tools for synchronous and

asynchronous instructional delivery and management of academic programs.

RELATED STUDIES

In another study, Tang et al. (2020) examined the efficacy of different online

teaching modes among engineering students. Using a questionnaire, the results revealed

that students were dissatisfied with online learning in general, particularly in the aspect of

communication and question-and-answer modes. Nonetheless, the combined model of

online teaching with flipped classrooms improved students’ attention, academic

performance, and course evaluation.

In a related study, Kapasia et al. (2020) investigated how lockdown impacts

students’ learning performance. Their findings revealed that the lockdown made

significant disruptions in students’ learning experience. The students also reported some

challenges that they faced during their online classes. These include anxiety, depression,

poor Internet service, and unfavorable home learning environment, which were

aggravated when students are marginalized and from remote areas.

Adarkwah (2021) examined students’ online learning experience during the

pandemic using a narrative inquiry approach. The findings indicated that Ghanaian

students considered online learning as ineffective due to several challenges that they

encountered. Among these were lack of social interaction among students, poor

communication, lack of ICT resources, and poor learning outcomes.

Among the reported challenges are lack of appropriate devices, poor learning space at

home, stress among students, and lack of fieldwork and access to laboratories.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

In this study, theoretical framework helped the readers understand what

principles and theories are present in this study. They are guiding concept and principles

that can help to students. Theory helps every researcher to increase their awareness on

meaningful understanding of their chosen topic.

This theoretical basis of study is supported by Haixia He’s E-Learning Theory, it

indicates how the use and design of educational technology can help and enhance the

learning of the students. Although, in the past years when pandemic came, the technology

helps the students to have an online class but some students cannot participate because of

their problem on internet or lack of access in device.

E-Learning Theory by Haixia He, explains that multimedia learning is one of the

principles of E-Learning Theory and it contends that deeper learning can be promoted

using two formats among audio, visual and text (Mayer, Sweller & Moreno, 2015). E-

Learning suggest that using of multimedia or technology it can be PowerPoint makes the

lesson more attractive and it can more interesting to listen. Mayer (1997) reviewed eight

studies on whether multimedia instruction was effective and found that students who

were given a presentation with both verbal and visual explanations had a 75% higher

median score for creative solutions on problem solving transfer tests than students who
experienced only verbal explanation. In this modern world, ICT in education improves

engagement and knowledge retention: When ICT is integrated into lessons, students

become more engaged in their work. This is because technology provides different

opportunities to make it more fun and enjoyable in in terms of teaching the same things in

different ways.

Theories of difficulty by David Perkins (Dec.2006) both educational researchers and

Experienced teachers develop what might be called theories of difficulty. A strong

Theory of difficulty identifies learner’s characteristics trouble spot for a particular area of

instruction and include some casual analysis of why they occur toward improved

teaching.

One such development is the adoption of online learning across different learning

contexts,

whether formal or informal, academic, and non-academic, and residential or remotely.

We began to witness schools, teachers, and students increasingly adopt e-learning

technologies that allow teachers to deliver instruction interactively, share resources

seamlessly, and facilitate student collaboration and interaction.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This study entitled the "Challenges in Computer system servicing experienced by

grade 11-CSS students of Legazpi National High School" aims to answer what are the

challenges in computer system servicing course encountered by grade 11 students. The

conceptual paradigm presented in figure 1 explains the concept of the study. This shows

how the researcher will conduct the study.

This employs the Input, Process, and Output component or the IPO model which

represent

the visual representation, the input components include the profile of the respondents

according to age, sex, grade, and their section.

The process components include the process of collecting data like conducting

survey questionnaire, using purposive sampling for choosing respondents and collecting

data. Each student will receive a questionnaire that contains the information about

the challenges they encounter in performing a computer.

The output is the "possible solution that can help to resolve any challenges or

problems that may encounter in their chosen course". This challenges if they're

performing a computer. This will also help the students to properly handle and improve

their skills in troubleshooting a computer that they can use in the future

PROCESS OUTPUT
INPUT

POSSIBLE SOLUTION
AGE CONDUCTING THAT CAN HELP THE
GRADE 11 CSS
SURVEY STUDENTS OF LEGAZPI
SEX CITY NATIONAL HIGH
QUESTIONNAIRE SCHOOL TO HANDLE
GRADE AND RESOLVE ANY
CHALLENGES OR
SECTION PROBLEMS THAT MAY
ENCOUNTER IN THEIR
CHOSEN COURSE.
 FIGURE 1: CONCEPTUAL PRADIGM

DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms used by the researcher are conceptually and operationally

defined to Establish clarify and better understanding of the study, the following

terminologies are defined

Functionally and operationally.

Challenges. A call to take part in a contest or competition. In this study it refers to the

problems that were encountered by the students in performing a computer.

Computer System Servicing (CSS). It is a one of a strand in senior high school. In this

study, it Refers to the strand that chosen by the students. It is about configure and

maintaining computer System and network.

E-Learning. It is delivery of learning through digital resources. In this study, it refers to

the Technology that students use in their learning like computers, tablets, and cellphones.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The strand that related to

Computer System Servicing, it is about computer also.

Legazpi City National High School (LCNHS). Legazpi City National High School

formerly known as Pag-asa National High School is a DepEd managed public secondary

school located in 5th district of Albay.

Malware. It is a program that intentionally harmful to a computer. In this study, it is a

virus that can cause problem in computer.

National Certificate II (NC2). It is the certificate that will be given to students who will

pass the assessment.

Programming. The process of creating a set of instructions that tell a computer how to

perform a task. In this study it refers to the performance of a task in computer, often in

solving a given problem

SYNTHESIS OF THE STATE-OF-THE-ART

This section presents several studies and research from earlier years that have

been considered useful in supporting this study.

This section presents several studies and research from previous years that were

thought to be useful in supporting the present study. The following related studies were

thoroughly analyzed with the goal of identifying the challenges in computer system

servicing course.
 Dulan (2010) study focused on how the internet help the students to communicate

to their teachers, join in online learning, and make their assignments easier. But when

pandemic came, internet connection is one of the most problems of the students. Because

of internet connection, some students disagree with online learning. Aledejani & Alidanu

(2018) stated that the students was found making no impacts of online learning in their

academic performance. Based on the study, online learning have no impacts to students

academic performance because of many reasons, such as lack of access of device, slow

connection of internet. In computer system servicing, students need to do the hands on or

the practically performing with a computer that we called performance task. So, with the

online learning students did not learn to perform with computer.

Pham & Nguyen (2020) study focused that schools and other learning spaces were

forced to migrate to full online learning as the world continues the battle to control the

spread of the virus. Although, online learning helped to control the spread of the virus,

but the knowledge of students slowly fading away. Some of students complained about

the online learning, because they just listen but they did not learn. Especially the students

who chose the printed learning, teacher gave his/her students a printed copy of module,

and they must answer it. Not all the students answered it by their own words, mostly

some of the students have copy paste their answer, just to passed it in deadline.

To date, many studies have investigated this area with focus on student’s mental

health due to online leaning. Some students are also reported that due to online learning,
it affects their mental health, it includes depression. Some students were depressed about

their home learning because they did not know what to do on how will they handle this

kind of situation. Additionally, it is the first time that students have an online learning,

the struggle is there. Especially those college students. They must finished their activities

in just one day, and aside of that they have responsibilities that they need to do in their

home.

However, online learning has disadvantages, it also have advantages. It helps

many students to avoid getting infected by the virus. Although we have a full face to face

classes now, students need to know that they are facing some challenges, especially in

computer system servicing course, such as performing and troubleshooting a computer.

The previous researcher is highly relevant to the current study because they

provide the present study as what are the challenges faced by some students in computer

system servicing. Furthermore, these findings helped the researchers in improving their

study.

GAP TO BE BRIDGE BY THE STUDY

The existing literature and studies have dealt with the challenges and the problems

faced by students. Most of them only discussed about what are the challenges faced by

the students. Moreover, the students must know how to handle and resolve any

challenges that may have encounter.

 However, there are ideas that were not given much attention. The existing

research only stated the challenges in online learning and problems in computer. They did

not discuss about how to handle or give some advises on how to deal with the said

challenges. With the objectives to give a deeper understanding on the possible solution on

their problems in computer system servicing that will help them to handle the problems

properly if they are performing or troubleshooting a computer. This endeavor of the

present study is the gap to be bridge by the study.

This study would be use as part of the local references on resolving a problem in

computer. The identified solution from this study will help CSS students in resolving any

challenges that they will encounter and what are the practices they can follow to

effectively handle their challenges in their chosen course.

 Challenges in Computer System Servicing Experience by the Grade 11 Technical

Vocational Livelihood Computer System Servicing of Legazpi City National High

School

Christian king L. Cua, Eugene Anthony B. De Leon, Carl Justine P. Duran, Tricia Mae A.

Fetalcorin, Lord Hendrich O. Igot, Mark Anthony B. Lim, Jasmien B. Miranda,

Marlieneta Nalazon, Angela A. Orosco, Jerilyn D. Tamayo

Department of Education, Legazpi City National High School

12 Technical Vocational Livelihood Computer System Servicing

Dexter B. Espejo

February 27, 2023