Discussion/Viva Questions: VOLTAGE DIVIDER

1. What is the equation for voltage gain?

Ans:

2. What is cut off frequency? What is lower 3dB and upper 3dB cut off
frequency?

Ans: cut-off frequency or corner frequency is the frequency either above or below
which the power output of a circuit, such as a line, amplifier, or electronic filter has
fallen to a given proportion of the power in the pass band. Most frequently this
proportion is one half the pass band power, also referred to as the 3 dB point since a
fall of 3 dB corresponds approximately to half power.

3. What are the applications of CE amplifier?

Ans: Low frequency voltage amplifier, radio frequency circuits and low-noise
amplifiers

4. What is active region?

Ans: The active region of a transistor is when the transistor has sufficient base current
to turn the transistor on and for a larger current to flow from emitter to collector. This
is the region where the transistor is on and fully operating. In this region JE in forward
bias and JC in reverse bias and transistor works as an amplifier

5. What is Bandwidth of an amplifier?

Ans: Bandwidth is the difference between the upper and lower frequencies in a
continuous set of frequencies. It is typically measured in hertz, and may sometimes
refer to passband bandwidth, sometimes to baseband bandwidth, depending on
context.

6. What is the importance of gain bandwidth product?

Ans: This quantity is commonly specified for operational amplifiers, and allows circuit
designers to determine the maximum gain that can be extracted from the device for
a given frequency.

7.What is Input Coupling capacitor capacitor?

Ans: Input Coupling capacitor couples the signal to base of the of transistor , It
blocks any DC component present the signal and passes only a.c signal for
amplification.

8.What is Output Coupling capacitor capacitor?

Output Coupling capacitor couples the output signal to the load or to the next stage
of the amplifier , It blocks any DC component present the signal and passes only a.c
part of the amplified signal.

9. What is the importance of emitter Bypass capacitor?

Ans: Emitter bypass capacitor provide a low reactance path to the amplified ac signal,
if it is not connected in parallel with RE , the amplified ac signal passing through
RE will cause more voltage drop across it.
10. What type of feedback is used in CE amplifier?

Ans: Negative feedback is used in CE amplifier.

11. What are the various types of biasing a Transistor?

Ans: Biasing methods generally which we use are

1. Fixed bias
2. Collector feedback bias
3. Emitter feedback bias
4. Collector - Emitter feedback bias
5. Voltage divider bias.

12. Why frequency response of the amplifier is drawn on semi-log scale graph?

Ans: The frequency response of a given frequency dependent circuit can be displayed
as a graphical sketch of magnitude (gain) against frequency (ƒ). The horizontal
frequency axis is usually plotted on a logarithmic scale while the vertical axis
representing the voltage output or gain, is usually drawn as a linear scale in decimal
divisions.

13. What are the typical values of the input impedance and output impendence
of CE amplifier?

Ans:The input impedance is in the order of 1Kohm and the output impedance is in
the order of 40Kohms.
EXP2- RELAXATION OSCILLATOR
Viva Questions:

1. What is a relaxation oscillator?

Ans: A relaxation oscillator is a nonlinear electronic oscillator circuit that produces a

non-sinusoidal repetitive output signal, such as a triangle wave or square wave.

2. The most useful applications of a relaxation oscillator waveform are _, _

Ans: Relaxation oscillators are generally used to produce low frequency signals for
such applications as blinking lights, and electronic beepers and clock signals in some
digital circuits.

3Write the intrinsic standoff ratio of an UJT?

Ans:

The resistive ratio of RB1 to RBB is called the intrinsic stand-off ratio

4. Why UJT is called as negative resistance device? When the negative

resistance exists in UJT characteristics.

Ans UJT is a device that possesses negative resistance characteristic that means its
emitter current rises regeneratively when triggered. Thus an emitter supply is needed
in order to restrict it. In normal operating conditions, it generally absorbs less power
and hence is an efficient device.

5. Draw the equivalent circuit of an UJT Ans:

6. The deviation from linearity of a relaxation oscillator is expressed in three
ways. What are they?

Ans:

1. The slope or sweep speed error, es

2. The displacement error ed and
3. 3. The transmission error, etc.

7. The other names of Relaxation oscillator are _, _ & _.

Ans: Sawtooth, sweep, or flyback oscillator.

8. The time during which the output increases linearly is called the _______ and
the time required by the sweep voltage to return to the initial value is called
the ________

Ans: sweep time, return time

9. When __ ________of a relaxation oscillator output is zero, a saw-tooth or ramp

output waveform is obtained.

Ans: restoration time

10. What are Peak point and valley point for an UJT? Write formula for Peak
voltage.

Ans:

Peak point: The voltage reaches its peak value VP.The emitter current at this point is
minimum.

Valley point: The valley point where the resistance charge changes from negative to
positive. The emitter current Ie is minimum at this valley point and it is called valley
current IV, where the resistance is positive.