Review of Related Literature

One of the most important foods for people is rice, because it is one that provides a good
source of energy to our bodies so that we can do the things we should do every day. Although
rice has the second place because of planted area but it serves as the most important food source
for Asian countries mainly in south-east parts where it is an economic crop for farmers and
workers who grow it on millions of hectares throughout the region, (Gnanamanickam SS, 2009). In
order to grow rice, a flood and submerge rice field is needed to improve growth, produce more
yields, and reduce the growth of weeds. Because rice is mostly grown under flooded, or
submerged, conditions, it is also one of the biggest users of the world’s developed fresh water
resources (Tuong and Bouman ,2003).
One of the problems farmers today face is the lack of water for their crops due to our summer
weather and the lack of proper irrigation canals. Worldwide water agriculture is becoming
increasingly scarce. The causes is malfunctioning of irrigation systems, and increase competition
from other sector such as urban and industrial users (Rijsbermn, 2006.). Another reason that
farmers have a problem is the decrease in their rice harvests due to the lack of water in their rice
crops. Decreasing water availability for agriculture threatens the productivity of the irrigated rice
ecosystem and ways must be sought to save water and increase the water productivity of rice
(Guerra et al., 1998)
Becau se rice is most ly gro wn unde r
floode d, or submer ged, con ditions, it
is
also one of the biggest users of the
world ’s deve loped fresh water
resourc es
( Tuong and Bouman , 2003 ).
Becau se rice is most ly gro wn unde r
floode d, or submer ged, con ditions, it
is
also one of the biggest users of the
world ’s deve loped fresh water
resourc es
( Tuong and Bouman , 2003 ).
Becau se rice is most ly gro wn unde r
floode d, or submer ged, con ditions, it
is
also one of the biggest users of the
world ’s deve loped fresh water
resourc es
( Tuong and Bouman , 2003 ).
Becau se rice is most ly gro wn unde r
floode d, or submer ged, con ditions, it
is
also one of the biggest users of the
world ’s deve loped fresh water
resourc es
( Tuong and Bouman , 2003 ).
Becau se rice is most ly gro wn unde r
floode d, or submer ged, con ditions, it
is
also one of the biggest users of the
world ’s deve loped fresh water
resourc es
( Tuong and Bouman , 2003 ).
Becau se rice is most ly gro wn unde r
floode d, or submer ged, con ditions, it
is
also one of the biggest users of the
world ’s deve loped fresh water
resourc es
( Tuong and Bouman , 2003 ).
Becau se rice is most ly gro wn unde r
floode d, or submer ged, con ditions, it
is
also one of the biggest users of the
world ’s deve loped fresh water
resourc es
( Tuong and Bouman , 2003 ).
Becau se rice is most ly gro wn unde r
floode d, or submer ged, con ditions, it
is
also one of the biggest users of the
world ’s deve loped fresh water
resourc es
( Tuong and Bouman , 2003 ).