READING AND

WRITING
 THE WRITING PROCESS
What is Writing Process?
The writing process is the series of actions taken by
writers to produce a finished work. Writers, educators,
and theorists have defined the writing process in many
different ways, but it generally involves prewriting
tasks, writing tasks, and post-writing tasks.
 Preparation/Prewriting

During this stage, you have to establish

your purpose first. Ask yourself “why do
I want to inform, persuade, or entertain
the audience about my topic?”
 Steps in prewriting
o Think and Decide
o Make sure you understand your assignment. See Research Papers or Essays
o Decide on a topic to write about. See Prewriting Strategies and Narrow your Topic
o Consider who will read your work. See Audience and Voice.
o Brainstorm ideas about the subject and how those ideas can be organized. Make an outline.
See Outlines.
 Modeling/ Research
• This is where you, the writer, look for a different works which are similar in
nature with the paper you are about to write.
 Steps in researching
• List places where you can find information.
• Do your research. See many Libraries, resources and helpful guides.
• Evaluate your sources. See Evaluating Sources and Primary vs. Secondary
Sources
• Make an outline to help organize your research. See Outlines
 Generating Ideas/ Drafting
• This is where you the writer starts to write your own ideas. You can also do
brainstorming, clustering, or freewriting.
 Steps in drafting
➢ Write sentences and paragraphs even if they are not perfect.
➢ Create a thesis statement with your main idea.
➢ Put the information you researched into your essay accurately without
plagiarizing. Remember to include both in-text citations and a
bibliographic page.
 Steps in drafting
❖ Read what you have written and judge if it says what you mean. Write
some more.
❖ Read it again.
❖ Write some more.
❖ Read it again.
❖ Write until you have said everything you want to say about the topic.
 Revising
It is the act of improving the original paper by applying changes based
on the feed back.
 Steps in revising
❖ Rearrange words, sentences, or paragraphs into a clear and logical order.
❖ Read what you have written again.
❖ Take out or add parts.
❖ Do more research if you think you should
❖ Replace overused or unclear words.
❖ Read your writing aloud to be sure it flows smoothly. Add transitions.
 Editing and proofreading
This is the finishing stage in the writing process where you edit on
grammar and language use and proofreading where you focus on the
typography and mechanics.
 Steps in proofreading and editing

❑Be sure all sentences are complete

❑Correct spelling, capitalization, and punctuation.
❑Change words that are not used correctly or are unclear.
❑Make sure you are using the appropriate style formatting.
APA Formatting
Chicago Style Formatting
MLA Formatting
❑Have someone else check your work.
 Publishing

After exerting efforts in writing a good paper, you must showcase your
work to other people. This stage is known as publishing.
One way to publish your work is through posting on social networking
sites such as blogs, or facebook, and more reputed research –sharing
websites like academia.edu .