SATURATED FLUORESENCE SPECTROSCOPY

KIPTOO ELIAS

SCT-255-026/2018

This research proposal has been submitted for partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of
Science in Applied Optics and Lasers degree of Multimedia University of Kenya

15 March , 2022
DECLARATION

I hereby declare that, this proposal is my own original work and has not been presented in any
University or institution for the award of any degree, diploma or certificate.

KIPTOO ELIAS
SCT-255-026/2018

……………………………… ……………………….
Signature Date

Supervisors

This proposal has been submitted for examination with the approval of the following supervisor.

DR. ELIJAH OGARO

Saturated Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Kiptoo Elias
Physics Department
Faculty of Science
Multimedia University

………………………………………………. ……………………………..
Signature Date
 i. TABLE OF CONTENTS
ii. LIST OF TABLES
iii. LIST OF FIGURES
iv. LIST OF APPENDICES
v. LIST OF ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS
vi. ABSTRACT
………………………………………………………………………
 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the study

Fluorescences is where a molecule absorbs light from the lower energy level, it gain energy
which in turn jumps to the higher energy state. At excited state, Fluorescence is a type of
luminescence caused by photons exciting a molecule, raising it to an electronic excited state. It’s
brought about by absorption of photons in the singlet ground state promoted to a singlet-excited
state. As the excited molecule returns to ground state, emits a photon of lower energy, which
corresponds to a longer wavelength, than the absorbed photon. the energy are emitted as it transit
from higher level to lower level in form of photons[1,2]. Fluorescence spectroscopy is a method
used to analyse the fluorescence properties of a sample by determining the concentration of an
chemicals constituents being identified and measured [3,4].This techniques is widely used for
measuring compounds in a solution due to high efficiency.
1.2 Problem Statement
The problem associated with measurements has been arising at alarming rate, this have enhances
the effect of quenching reactions on the fluorescence signal.

1.2 Justification
It would offer the possibility of spatially and temporally resolved measurements of species
concentrations in complex reacting gas flows
1.4 Hypothesis
1.5 Objectives

1.5.1 Main Objective

To investigate the saturated fluorescence spectroscopy.
1.5.2 Specific Objectives
To study the fluorescence in 2 level , 3level and the effects of crossover.
 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Study area/materials
3.2 Research design
3.5 Experimental techniques
3.6 Data analysis and presentation

CHAPTER 4: WORK PLAN AND BUDGET

4.1 Work plan/schedule

DURATION
4 WEEKS 4 WEEKS
ACTIVITIES
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JULY AUG
2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022
Formulating the J
research problem
Extensive literature
review
Developing the
objectives
Proposal writing
Presentation /
defense of the
proposal
Lab experiment
Preparation of the
report
 Presentation of
results-formal write
ups of conclusions
reached

Table 4.1: Work Plan for research project

4.2 Budget

Table 4.2: Budget for the research project

S/No. Item Description Quantity Unit Cost Total Cost

1.

2.

3.

4. printing 50 10 500

5. Spiral Binding 1 100 100

6.

7. SUB- TOTAL 600

8. Miscellaneous (10 %) 160

 9. TOTAL 760

REFERENCES
1. JW Daily-Applied Optics,1977
2. S Chen, S Liang ,W Sun, Y Huang-review of scientific, 2019
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
APPENDICES