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Factors Affecting the Decision of First Year Students in Choosing their Degree
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 Institutional Multidisciplinary Research and Development Journal
IMRaD Journal, a peer-reviewed and refereed
journal aimed to circulate institutional and scholarly
articles, faculty and student researches, and other
----------------------------------------------------Institutional Multidisciplinary Research and Development Vol.
scientific works.
Factors Affecting the Decision of First Year Students in Choosing their
Degree Program and School
Elaine Rico-Briones, Ph.D. & David Cababaro Bueno
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0506-042X & http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0072-0326
briones.elaine@yahoo.com & imrad2019@gmail.com
Columban College Inc., Olongapo City, Zambales, Philippines
===================================================================================================
ABSTRACT: Choosing the right career path is becoming
more and more important for young students today.
Students have to take into account many things when
choosing a career and college major. The main objective
of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the
choice of school and degree program of first-year
students. It utilized the descriptive survey method of
research with first-year students from a teacher
education college as respondents. The researcher used
the structured self-administered questionnaire covering
all the variables on a four-point Likert scale that has
been modified and adapted from several authorities in
the field of Education. Students strongly agreed that it
was their personal choice to enroll in their chosen school
and degree program. They also strongly agreed that
one of the reasons for choosing the school is its well-
known high-quality standards, well-qualified
instructors/professors and the school’s ability to become
home of board passers. Thus, there was a high level of
interest in their chosen degree program.
Keywords: Quality Education, Proximity, Accessibility,
Interest, Descriptive Survey Method
===============================================
INTRODUCTION
Considering the number of universities and the size
of the younger population targeted for higher
education, there is an urgent need for further research
studies on university branding efforts (Tas & Ergin,
2012). Five main factors emerge as important
determinants of private school choice: the
socioeconomic status of the household, the degree of a
school’s accessibility, the cost of schooling, parents’
perceptions of school quality, as well as perceptions of
the available employment opportunities in the region
(Center for Research in Economics and Business
(CREB) Lahore School of Economics, 2013).
Other factors affecting student's enrollment are
further categorized into eleven subfactors, internal
factors (Aspiration, Aptitude, and Career), External
factors (Courses, Cost, Location, Reputation, Promotion,
and Facilities) and Social factors
(parents/friends/teacher) (Mehboob, Mir Muhammad
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IMRaD Journal, a peer-reviewed and refereed journal aimed to circulate institutional and scholarly articles, faculty and student researches, and other scientific works.
ISSN 2619-7820 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25060.01921
IMRaD Journal
(IMRaD)
2 JuneJournal
2019
ISSN 2619-7820
Shah, & A Bhutto, 2012). Matsolo, Ningpuanyeh, &
Susuman (2018) in their study findings on education
institution's enrollment and drop-out rates show that
finance, orphan-hood, transport to the higher education
institutions are some of the main factors that affect the
enrollment rate of students.
Choosing the right career path is becoming more
and more important for young students today. Students
have to take into account many things when choosing a
career and college major. According to Carnevale,
Cheah, & Hanson (2011), the importance of a major is
powerful. So much that Bachelor's degree holders in
some majors can earn more than those with a graduate
degree. The authors found that the highest-paid majors
were among the STEM (science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics) fields, and the lowest
earning majors were with early childhood education
and human services and community organizing.
Academic institutions sought to observe the
requirements of the customers, prospective students
and other clients like industry partners when preparing
an educational program (Hrnciar & Madzík, 2013).
Degree programs and other student services are being
developed to promote the image of the university
(Nadelson, Semmelroth, Martinez, Featherstone,
Fuhriman, & Sell, 2013). There are several factors that
may affect the decision of students and parents, where
it can be a good source of insight for private higher
education institutions (HEIs) to offer quality services
that will suit to the needs, expectations, and demands of
the community. The curricular offerings of private
colleges and universities which are almost identical
programs make diversification very difficult (Vaz &
Mansori, 2013).
Therefore, the competitive edge, uniqueness, and
quality must be established in educational marketing
through image building while helping and guiding the
parents towards the achievement of their desire for the
success of their children. The decision on good career
choice and school sometimes depend on how the way
students perceive the world and their future. Some of
them may not have enough knowledge and
130
----------------------------------------------------Institutional Multidisciplinary Research and Development (IMRaD) Journal

consciousness about how they should process processes that are going on, the effects that are evident,
information from personal, social, economic, political, or trends that are developing. It is primarily concerned
spiritual and environmental aspects of putting into with the present, although it often considers past
context and the realization of having a successful events and influences as they relate to current
profession. Pafili and Mylonakis (2011) emphasized conditions.
that in coming up with the right decision of what
profession to take, students can properly utilize their RESULTS and DISCUSSION
skills and knowledge to gain proper experience who
could contribute to the development and welfare of the Persons who influenced the first year students'
society, but Koni, Zainal, and Ibrahim (2012) noted that choice of the degree program and school. Today,
some studies show that not all students who enter a students are indeed playing a vital role in their
university/ college have the intention to obtain the decision-making process. The findings revealed that
degree. Private HEIs struggle to continue increasing parents do not influence the decision of the students.
student enrollment, simply due to the number of This is similar findings to Pascual (2014) who stated
educational choices available for student and the public that when it comes to course preference, not much is
colleges offering the same program. Focusing on affected by the decisions of others. However, the
increasing enrollment requires a fully coordinated findings in the study are contrary to Finlayson (2009)
effort and often new approaches to programs offered at who emphasized that students tend to follow their
the school. Thus, a little research was done on the parents’ advice on choosing a course to take.
selection process and factors that influence the process, Table 1
especially at Columban College, Inc. (Bueno, 2019). Descriptive data on the degree of a person’s influenced the
The present study identified the factors affecting students’ choice of a degree program and school
the decision of the First Year students in choosing their Person Program VI Rank School VI Rank
school and their degree program. Thus, this study
Mother 2.20 L 5 2.75 M 2
serves as initial information to strengthen the services
Father 2.40 L 4 2.70 M 3
of the academic institution towards the realization of its Bro. /Sis. 1.80 L 7 2.15 L 7
mission, vision, goals, objectives, and fulfillment of the Relatives 2.00 L 6 2.50 M 6
expectations of its clients, stakeholders and the Friends 2.50 M 3 2.60 M 4
community. Teacher 2.55 M 2 2.55 M 5
Own
METHODOLOGY Choice 3.65 VM 1 3.60 VM 1

The researcher used descriptive-survey research

Table 1 shows the degree of persons’ influenced on
method. A descriptive study is one in which
the Students' Choice of Degree Program and School. It is
information is collected without changing the
the students' own choice to take the desired Program
environment. Descriptive studies can involve a one-
and enroll in the desired school as manifested by the
time interaction with groups of people or a study might
computed weighted mean scores of 3.65 and 3.60,
follow individuals over time. Descriptive studies, in
respectively. Furthermore, teachers and friends have
which the researcher interacts with the participant,
much influenced followed by parents, who have less
may involve surveys or interviews to collect the
influenced mostly by fathers in taking the program and
necessary information. According to Bueno (2016), the
mothers in choosing the school.
descriptive method is used to gather information about
One of the advantages of deciding a degree
a present existing condition, something more and
program and school based on personal choice makes
beyond than just data gathering. The researcher used
them more independent, they are responsible for their
the structured self-administered questionnaire
actions, they are more aware of the pitfalls in a
covering all the variables on a four-point Likert scale
particular avocation, they are prepared to face the
that has been modified and adapted from several
consequences of a wrong choice in career matters
authorities in the field of Education. The results of the
rather than blame their elders, they choose what they
data gathered were analyzed and interpreted using
like the most. Murtagh, Lopes, & Lyons (2011) posit
weighted mean and ranking. Bueno (2017, 2019,
that people do not use only rational measures when
2019a, 2019b) further discussed that this type of study
deciding on a career, rather emotion, intuition, and
conceals important distinctions. It describes and
cognition work together to form the best process for
interprets what is concerned with the conditions or
decision making. Relatives, brothers, and sisters have
relationships that exist, opinions that are held,
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IMRaD Journal, a peer-reviewed and refereed journal aimed to circulate institutional and scholarly articles, faculty and student researches, and other scientific works.
ISSN 2619-7820 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25060.01921
131
----------------------------------------------------Institutional Multidisciplinary Research and Development (IMRaD) Journal

little influence in making the decision in choosing the Table 2 presents the factors that affect the choice of
degree program and school. Findings in the study are school among students. They strongly agreed that one
contrary to Filipino values, wherein elder brothers and of the reasons for choosing the school is its well-known
sisters give their opinion regarding what is the best high-quality standards (3.85), well-qualified
degree program and school for their siblings because instructors/professors (3.60) and they also strongly
most of them financially support the education of their agreed on the school’s ability to become home of board
younger siblings. passers (3.55). It appeared that students thought the
college monitoring the academic performance of its
Factors Affecting the Choice of School Numerous
students to ensure that they possess the established
factors can affect a student’s decision in choosing a
students’ outcomes set for them to acquire before
school for a degree program. One of the factors that
graduation and taking the board examination as one of
might affect one’s choice is the school quality standards
the most important factors when they chose a college.
followed by well-qualified professors, school
Nkang (2012) stressed that the qualifications of
atmosphere, infrastructure, and teaching /learning
university graduates must be internationally
facilities. Another important influencing factor is the
competitive by making realized the learning
availability of financial aid provided by the institution.
environment and students’ outcomes thoroughly
They would give a more favorable choice to a college
achieved. Moreover, since well-qualified instructors
with a possibility for a scholarship. Ismail’s (2009), on
and professors also ranked 2nd, thus, to achieve
the study of the mediating effects of information on
effective reforms in education, faculty development
college choice indicated that students are satisfied with
emerged as a key factor. It facilitates the professional
college choice based on their information satisfaction
and instructional growth of lecturers and promotes
with respect to financial factors (external influences)
improvement in the institution by helping them become
which include financial aids and affordable fees.
contributors to the school’s mission (Bueno, D., 2017).
Table 2 Produced graduates who easily find a job has a
Descriptive data on the factors affecting the choice of school weighted mean of 3.35 which shows that this is another
Quality Education: The College WM VI Ran factor that students agreed to consider in choosing a
has … k college. It seemed students considered the availability
Well Known High-Quality 3.85 SA 1 of jobs after college. They mostly look into what could
Standards be their future employment choices after years of
Accreditation Status 3.20 A 7 studying. It can be said that students agreed that in-
Well-Qualified 3.60 SA 2 demand jobs influenced their school and program
Instructors/Professors choice that most of them were driven by the realistic
Supportive School Staff 3.10 A 8 feasibility of being employed in a stable job (Edwards &
Tuition Fee that Compensates 3.25 A 6 Quinter, 2011). It also shows that the student-friendly
Quality Education campus environment (3.30), tuition fee that
Student-friendly Campus 3.30 A 5
compensates quality education (3.25) and accreditation
Environment
status (3.20) ranked last and gained the lowest mean.
Produced Graduates who Easily 3.35 A 4
Find Jobs The findings of the study revealed that students, though
Proven its Ability to become 3.55 SA 3 the college is providing a friendly environment, tuition
Home of Board Passers fees are students least reasons in choosing a school.
Composite Mean 3.40 A This is contrary to the statement made by Kitsawad
Personal Preferences (2013) saying that the university providing the
Own Choice 3.50 SA 1 environments and atmosphere conducive to learning as
Preferred Course is Offered 3.25 A 2 one of the most important factors when they chose a
Composite Mean 3.38 A university. Moreover, it seems that some students were
Proximity and Accessibility not aware of accreditation status, but they will see the
Near our present family 3.05 A 3 benefits of being accredited institution when they
residence already experienced the services being provided to
This is the nearest university 3.30 A 1 them as a client of the accredited school.
where this course is offered The composite mean of 3.40 for quality education
The transportation is accessible 3.15 A 2 as a factor affecting the choice of school implies that
Composite Mean 3.17 A school reputation is greatly considered by the students.
This implies that academic quality may very well be the

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IMRaD Journal, a peer-reviewed and refereed journal aimed to circulate institutional and scholarly articles, faculty and student researches, and other scientific works.
ISSN 2619-7820 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25060.01921
132
----------------------------------------------------Institutional Multidisciplinary Research and Development (IMRaD) Journal

determining factor in the students’ ultimate decision. they make thus making a significant relationship
Indeed, it is no surprise that every school struggles to between the age and the environmental and other
continue to maintain quality education. According to factors which include personal interest.
Soomro and Ahmad (2012), managing quality in Table 3
tertiary education in a multicultural population with Descriptive data on the level of interest of students towards
different approaches is not only challenging and tough, their chosen degree program
but also an uphill task, and institutions must Interest towards the program WM VI Rank
continually be true to their mission of providing quality
to its clients, which can be recognized by the It is my top priority 3.55 SA 2.5
community, as a marketing tool for greater enrolment. It is my personal choice 3.55 SA 2.5
The student respondents strongly agreed in It is the field that I think I can do 3.45 A 5
choosing the preferred school is their own choice (3.50) better
and they agreed that the preferred degree program is I enjoy performing the skills and 3.35 A 8
offered (3.25) in this college. This implies that as early activities involved in the program
as senior high school, they know where to go to college. I believe that I can be successful 3.40 A 6.5
along with this program
The individuals whose freedom are most at stake in
I like the challenges that this 3.40 A 6.5
school choice are the students—the people who are program offers to me
actually spending a large part of their day in schools. To I believe that this profession will 3.60 SA 1
say that they are subject to someone’s control no take me for employment abroad
matter what, is to brush aside their freedom I find this profession stimulating 3.50 SA 4
(McCluskey, 2016). Similarly, in the study of Nadelson and challenging
et al. (2013), they found out that personal reason is one I believe that I can manage the 3.30 A 9
of the students’ perceived influences on the decisions difficulties of some activities
about attending the University of their Choice. involved in the early childhood
Moreover, some theories view career decision making program effectively
as a systematic approach in which one weighs the cost Composite Mean 3.46 A
to benefit ratio of their choice compared to all
alternative choices. It is viewed strictly as an objective Table 3 shows the level of interest of the student
and logical process (Murtagh, Lopes, & Lyons, 2011). respondents towards their degree program. The
A composite mean of 3.38 denotes that the respondents strongly agreed that the degree program
personal preferences of students are agreeably well- will take them for employment abroad (3.60), it is their
thought-out by the in choosing the school for their top priority (3.55), their personal choice (3.55) and
college education. they find this degree program stimulating and
Since most of the respondents were residents of challenging. They are confident that their chosen
Olongapo and other nearby provinces, they agreed that degree program will be their gateway towards
the college is the nearest university where the course is employment abroad since a lot of in-demand jobs
offered (3.30), transportation is accessible (3.15) and abroad are in education. The respondents agreed that it
near at their family residence (3.05). is the field that they can do better (3.45). They believe
Having a composite mean of 3.17, it implies that the that they can be successful along with the chosen
respondents considered proximity and accessibility in degree program (3.40) and like the challenges that this
choosing a school for their degree program. degree program offers (3.40). They likewise enjoy
performing skills and activities involved in the degree
Level of interest of students towards their program (3.35). They also believe that they can manage
chosen degree program. Acquiring a college degree the difficulties of some activities involved in their
can be an important factor in improving your life for chosen degree program (3.30).
many reasons. It can propel your educational career The computed composite mean of 3.46 implies that
into new heights. In choosing a program, a student the student respondents have a high level of interest
normally decides on his own because no one will towards their chosen degree program. Achievement of
benefit the decision other than the student himself. In a appropriate skills and knowledge can be best acquired
study made by Depping & Freund (2011), they state from various school-related factors such as the effective
that older adults tend to make more responsible implementation of the curriculum with quality delivery
decisions considering their future. This emphasizes that of instruction through the aid of state-of-the-art
older ones prioritizes things that might happen in the facilities, well defined and employed student services,
future and tend to be more responsible with the choices integration of values and strong involvement in
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IMRaD Journal, a peer-reviewed and refereed journal aimed to circulate institutional and scholarly articles, faculty and student researches, and other scientific works.
ISSN 2619-7820 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25060.01921
133
----------------------------------------------------Institutional Multidisciplinary Research and Development (IMRaD) Journal
research and community programs of the university
(Dotong, 2014).
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Numerous factors can affect a student’s decision in
pursuing a career. It would be the influence of the
people around them. This study has proven that
families and friends are the biggest influences in
student choice of school and degree program. They
tend to make decisions considering the perception of
parents and friends. Even with numerous influences
about choosing a program, a student normally decides
on his own because no one will benefit the decision
other than the student himself. Well-known high-
quality standards, well-qualified professors and the
school’s ability to become home of board passers are
some of the qualities considered by students in
choosing their school and their degree program.
Numerous higher education institutions have
established their own images and own reputations with
respect to offering high-quality education and students
consider this factor in trusting a school. Thus, school
administrators should market their own school. Create
a parent advocacy group. Identify involved parents who
can speak about your school‘s programs and the
positive effect they have had on their student’s
education. Obtain mailing labels for schools targeted for
recruitment. Establish a relationship with your
neighborhood association. Work with targeted schools
to ensure information is included in their publications
and/or daily announcements. Develop school
information packets. Cooperate with feeder schools to
use the parent database from target/feeder schools to
remind parents of tour dates and recruitment activities,
and hold information/recruitment community
meetings with representatives from all feeder schools.
Update your school’s website with current programs,
tour dates and times, and other recruitment
information and most importantly, ensure that
everyone is involved with marketing your school. It is
important to note that educational marketing holds
practical tools to help out higher educational
institutions continue to exist and even flourish in such
competitive and aggressive environments. On Quality
assurance mechanisms of the university like program
accreditations and Autonomous Status, these should be
explained in a language common to parents and
students so to understand the meaning of these
initiatives and accomplishments for them. This will
emphasize that the implementation of Quality
Assurance Mechanisms will facilitate and help the
college to the realization of students’ educational goals
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IMRaD Journal, a peer-reviewed and refereed journal aimed to circulate institutional and scholarly articles, faculty and student researches, and other scientific works.
ISSN 2619-7820
and objectives. Similarly, it is highly recommended for
the school administrators to constantly implement a
series of activities for students which would also help
increase the students’ level of interest towards the
program. Stay connected with the practices of students,
develop more interactive applications and form think
tanks that will enable students to create new
explorative and creative opportunities. This will ensure
that they will be able to thrive in the many years
beyond their scholarly career. On a similar note,
increase student internships. This will elevate the
knowledge of students regarding the various
opportunities inside a company and makes them
passionate about a particular area. Students who
experience heightened emotional interest are pulled
toward a subject because they are energized, excited,
and emotionally engaged with the material. This will
increase in emotional arousal heightens a student's
attention, making it easier to encode more information.
With the aforementioned analysis, students are said to
be legally an adult to decide their career in the making,
the one who will have to live with their choices. The
school administrators may always consider numerous
factors of increasing quality education, including
proximity and accessibility of the school to strengthen
its image and increase student interest towards their
degree program. Hence, an enhancement program may
be proposed to further enhance the student interest
towards the program and to motivate the students on
the numerous opportunities waiting for them in their
chosen field and to make them more determined to do
better.
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IMRaD Journal, a peer-reviewed and refereed journal aimed to circulate institutional and scholarly articles, faculty and student researches, and other scientific works.
ISSN 2619-7820 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25060.01921
135

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