 Principles of learning:
1. Effective learning begins with the setting of
clear and high expectations and learning
outcomes.
 What did the Resource Teacher do which applies/
contradicts the learning principles?
 Application of the Principle:
Teacher writes her intended learning outcomes on
the board.
 Non-application/contradiction of the Principle
The teacher does not write her intended learning
outcome on the board.
 Principles of learning:
2. Learning is an active process
 What did the Resource Teacher do which applies/
contradicts the learning principles?
 Application of the Principle:
Pupil writes letter A instead of teacher writing for
him/her.
 Non-application/contradiction of the Principle
The teacher does not let her students to write on
their own.
 Principles of learning:
3. Learning is the discovery of personal meaning
and relevance of ideas
 What did the Resource Teacher do which applies/
contradicts the learning principles?
 Application of the Principle:
The teacher explain the topic and gives more
example to her students to be able to understand
their lesson.
 Non-application/contradiction of the Principle
The teacher does not explain the topic, in a result of
that; the students will not understand the lesson.
 Principles of learning:
4. Learning is a cooperative and collaborative
process. Learning is enhanced in an atmosphere
of cooperation and collaboration.
 What did the Resource Teacher do which applies/
contradicts the learning principles?
 Application of the Principle:
The teacher give opportunities in a way that she let
her students speaks about their idea of the topic
 Non-application/contradiction of the Principle
The teacher does not let the students to talk and
answer during her discussion.
Analysis
1. Which principle/s of learning was/were most
applied??
For me, the most principle that was
applied was the “Learning is a cooperative and
collaborative process” because the teacher
always grouped her students and letting them
to share their thoughts and ideas about the
lesson or topics that was assigned to them in a
way of helping each other to answer their group
works.
2. Which principle of learning was least applied?
Why the principle/s was/were not very much
applied? Give instances where this/these
principle/s could have been applied.
The least principle applied was
“Learning is an active process” because when
the teacher discuss and asked her students,
they will not talk that’s why when the teacher
asked, she’s also the one who answer it.
3. How did the application of these learning
principles affect learning?
It will affect in a way that they will
enhance their mental skills by answering his/her
teacher questions.

4. How did the non-application of these learning
principles affect learning?
The learning process of the students
will no longer enhance because there’s no
progress of their learning.
5. Do you agree with these principles of learning?
Or you have discovered that they are not always
correct?
I agree with the principles because it
helps a lot to the learners to improve their
potential, mental skills and social interaction to
others.
Reflections:
Among those practices that I observed, which
practices will I adopt and which ones will I improve on?
What lesson did I learn?
 Practice worth adopting
I think the worth adopting practices is her teaching
techniques or style. The way she delivered her topic,
giving examples, and the way she speak in front of her
class looks she’s confident to teach her lessons.
 Practices to avoid and to improve on
The teacher must avoid the favoritism in her class
because it was unfair to others and to improve is that
the teacher must encourage the students to participate
in every day’s discussion.
 Lesson learned
I’ve learned that every principles of teaching were
important because it will serve as the guide in what
principles are we need to apply in our teaching.
EPISODE 2: INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES/
LESSON OBJECTIVES AS MY GUIDING STAR
 Guiding Principles Related to Lesson Objectives/
Intended Learning Outcomes
1. Begin with the end in mind
2. Share lesson objective with students
3. Lesson objectives/ intended Learning outcomes
are Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Result-
oriented and Time bound (SMART)
 Teaching Behavior/s which prove/s Observance
of the Guiding Principle
1. The resource teacher began her lesson
2. The teacher introduced the topic to her
students by giving examples and she let the
students relate her lesson by their own
experiences.
3. The teacher set some questions to know if her
students really understand her lessons.
Analysis:
1. Why is it sound teaching practice for a teacher
to “begin with the end in mind”
This means the teacher must begin a
lesson with a clearly defined lesson objective.
With this definite objective in mind, the
teachers do not lose sight of what her intended
to teach.
2. Did you find the lesson objective/s intended
learning outcome/s SMART?
Yes, it guides the teacher to write their
lesson objectives and SMART set the direction
of the lesson of a teacher.
3. Do SMART objectives help the lesson become
more focused?
Yes, because by using SMART, the
teacher can easily teach the lesson to be able
the students to understand it.
 4. Were the lesson objectives/intended learning
outcomes in the cognitive, psychomotor and
affective domains?
Yes, because it is basically the main
objective of a teacher.
Learning Porfolio
 Give one researched quotation that states the
significance of goals and objectives. (Don’t
forget to state your source)

“Tell me and I’ll forget, show me and I may

remember, involve me and I’ll understand.”
5. Is it necessary to have objectives always in 3
̶ Chinese Proverbs
domains – cognitive, psychomotor and
affective? Why or why not?
 In one sentence, relate this quote to learning
For me, it should be 3 domains because
objectives/ intended learning outcomes as
not only the cognitive needs to develop but also
guiding star in lesson development.
psychomotor and attitudes because each of the
domains are connected to each other.
The key to a child’s learning development is
interaction.

Reflection:
EPISODE 1: PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING
1. For lesson objectives/learning outcomes to
serve as guiding star in lesson development, will
it help if they are SMART?
SUBMITTED BY:
Yes, it will help in a way that it helps a
TEJOSO, CAMILLE FRANCE L.
lot to develop the lesson objective because
BEED
SMART objectives contain the potential to focus
attention, work plans, and commitment to
performance target.

2. Does integrating lesson objectives/ intended

learning outcomes in the 3 domain (cognitive,
psychomotor, affective) or at least 2 ( cognitive
or psychomotor and affective) make lessons
more meaningful?
I think yes, even though without the 1
domain it will work and the lesson would still be
meaningful if your lesson was definite and have
direction.