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Handover
On-demand System Information
Beam Failure Recovery
Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, and Johan Skold "5G NR: the next generation wireless access technology", 2018.
©2019 Liangping Ma. All rights reserved. 6
Beam establishment during initial access
Beam → SSB index → RACH occasion
• Occasion here means a block of time-frequency resource
SB1 SB1 SB2 SB2 SB3 SB3
Contention based random access (CBRA) Contention free random access (CFRA)
MSG 3 (RRCSetupRequest, or
RRCResumeRequest ...)
Contention Time
Resolution
Timer MSG 4 (UE Contention Resolution
Identity) PRACH GT TxG DMRS/PUSCH GP
RAR
calculates RA-RNTI based on the RO
PDCCH using CSS and RA-RNTI
Timer
RAR aka MSG 2 (detected Preamble - RAPID, TA • “MSG 1”: Preamble randomly chosen
command, UL grant for MSG3, TC-RNTI) sent on PDSCH)
Timer
by UE
cancelled • Question: when does a collision happen?
MSG 3 (RRCSetupRequest, or RRCResumeRequest, ...) • “MSG 2”: RAR (on PDSCH)
Contention
• RAPID identifying detected preamble
Resolution
Timer
PDCCH using CSS and TC-RNTI
• TA command
•
MSG 4 (UE Contention Resolution Identity)
Timer
Grant for “MSG 3”
cancelled
HARQ ACK (if the UE succeeds at contention resolution) • TC-RNTI
• The scheduling PDCCH is scrambled by
RA-RNTI
©2022 Liangping Ma. All rights reserved. 10
4-step CBRA • “MSG 3” (can come in various forms)
• RRCSetupRequest for RRC_IDLE →
UE MSG 1 (PRACH Preamble, the RO
corresponds to best DL beam)
gNB RRC_Connected
• UE ID (ue-Identity): last 39 bits of 5G-S-TMSI (if
RAR
PDCCH using CSS and RA-RNTI provided by upper layer) or a 39-bit random number
Timer
RAR aka MSG 2 (detected Preamble - RAPID, TA
command, UL grant for MSG3, TC-RNTI) sent on PDSCH)
• Cause of request (establishmentCause)
Timer • Or RRCResumeRequest for RRC_Inactive →
cancelled
RRC_Connected, or
MSG 3 (RRCSetupRequest, or RRCResumeRequest, ...) • ...
Contention
Resolution PDCCH using CSS and TC-RNTI
• “MSG 4” (Contention resolution and
Timer
MSG 4 (UE Contention Resolution Identity) connection set up)
Timer
cancelled
HARQ ACK (if the UE succeeds at contention resolution)
• Carries the UE ID in “MSG 3”
• If a UE finds a match, it succeeds at random
access; uses TC-RNTI as its C-RNTI
• If not, UE restarts random access procedure
©2022 Liangping Ma. All rights reserved. 11
Beam management
• Beam forming in NR refers to analog beamforming done by
adjusting the phases of antennas
• For a suitable pair of TX/RX beams, the two beams may not
physically point to each other
TX beam RX beam
Beam pair
Beam pair
Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, and Johan Skold "5G NR: the next generation wireless access technology", 2018.
©2019 Liangping Ma. All rights reserved. 13
Beam adjustment
• DL transmitter-side beam adjustment
• For current receiver beam, try different transmit beams, each with a
distinct reference signal
• Measurements on CSI-RS or SSB
• UE reports for up to 4 beams
• L1-RSRP of the strongest beam
• The difference between the L1-RSRP and the best L1-RSRP
Reception
Transmission
RS-4
Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, and Johan Skold "5G NR: the next generation wireless access technology", 2018.
©2019 Liangping Ma. All rights reserved. 14
Beam adjustment
• DL receiver-side beam adjustment
• For the current transmit beam, try different receive beams
• No need for UE to report
• The reference signal needs to be repeated in different OFDM symbols to
allow for receiver-side beam sweeping
Reception
Transmission
Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, and Johan Skold "5G NR: the next generation wireless access technology", 2018.
©2019 Liangping Ma. All rights reserved. 15
Beam adjustment
• UL beam adjustment
• Not needed if beam correspondence can be assumed
• If needed, the measurements are done on SRS
Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, and Johan Skold "5G NR: the next generation wireless access technology", 2018.
©2019 Liangping Ma. All rights reserved. 16
Beam adjustment
• DL beam-forming can be done transparently to the UE
• NR also supports beam indication
• gNB informs the device that a PDSCH or PDCCH transmission uses the
same transmit beam as a reference signal (CSI-RS or SSB)
• Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state includes info about the
reference signal (CSI-RS or SSB)
TCI → CSI-RS or SSB → beam
Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, and Johan Skold "5G NR: the next generation wireless access technology", 2018.
©2019 Liangping Ma. All rights reserved. 17
Beam recovery
• Theoretically a beam failure occurs when the error probability for
PDCCH exceeds a certain threshold
• In practice a beam failure is declared based on measurements of
the quality (L1-RSRP) of some reference signal (CSI-RS and SSB)
• Hypothetical error rate
• Candidate beam identification
• The device measures L1-RSRP for reference signals (CSI-RS and SSB)
• Beam recovery request
• Beam failure detected
• Possibly a candidate beam
• Network response
Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, and Johan Skold "5G NR: the next generation wireless access technology", 2018.
©2019 Liangping Ma. All rights reserved. 18