INSTRUCTIONS TO THE STUDENTS

1. Students have to use 192 pages OSR (one sided ruled book) for science.
2. In the first page they have to write their name and class.
3. Leave the next two pages for index.
The format for index is
S:No Date Topic Remarks Teacher’s
signature

4. On the fourth page, write the date (17.04.2020) and the chapter number and
name on top.

17.04.2020

CHAPTER-1

NUTRITION IN PLANTS

5. Then can start with the question and answers on the right side of the book.

Please leave a line space between each answer.

6. Students have to draw borders on the left side of the page and should use the
left side only for diagrams.

7. Diagrams and labeling should be done only with pencil.

 CHAPTER 1: NUTRITION IN PLANTS

I) Answer in short

1. Define

a) Nutrition
b) Nutrients

Answer:

a. Nutrition is the mode of taking food by an organism and its utilization by

the body.
b. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals are essential
components of food, these components are called nutrients

2. What are stomata and mention their function?

Answer:

a. The small pores present on the lower surface of leaf, are called stomata.
b. Stomata absorb carbon dioxide from air for photosynthesis.

3. Distinguish between autotrophs and heterotrophs

Answer:

Autotrophs
These are plants that make their own
food.
They contain the green pigment
Chlorophyll.
Example: All green plants, algae etc.
Heterotrophs
These depend on food made by plants.
These do not have any green pigment.
Example: animals, fungi etc.
4. What do you mean by Symbiosis?

Answer:

a. Symbiosis is the type of nutrition in which two different kinds of organisms

depend on each other for their nutrition.
b. In this both the organisms are benefitted by each other. e.g., lichen is a
symbiotic association between an alga and a fungus.

5. How would you test the presence of starch in leaves?

Answer:

a. When iodine comes in contact with starch, a dark blue black color develops.
b. By dropping iodine solution on the leaves, we can check the presence of
starch.

II) Answer in brief

1. Why do organisms take food?

Answer:
• All organisms need food to build their bodies, to grow, to repair damaged
parts of their bodies and provide the energy for their life processes.
• Plants prepare their food and acquire nutrients from abiotic components
like soil, air, water and sunlight.
• On the other hand, animals need to get food from either plants or other
animals to obtain nutrients; hence animals need to take food to acquire
nutrients and energy.
2. Distinguish between a parasite and saprotrophs.

Answer:
Parasite Saprotrophs
A parasite takes Saprotrophs secrete the digestive
readymade food from the juices on the matter they live and
organism on which it convert it into a solution and then
feeds. absorb it.
 It feeds on a living They feed on dead and decaying
organism. organism
For example, Cuscuta For example, Fungi (Mushroom)

3. How nutrients are replenished in soil?

Answer:
Nutrients are replenished in soil by following ways:

• By spreading manure or fertilizers that contain nutrients such as nitrogen in

the fields
• By the bacterium Rhizobium that is commonly present in the root nodules
of leguminous plant that can take atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into
a soluble form.

4. Draw the following

a) A section of leaf and label its various parts

b) Stomata

Answer: a) and b)
III) Answer in detail
1. Explain the process of photosynthesis in the plants with the help of a diagram
Answer:
Green plants use a process called as photosynthesis to prepare their food.
The process is as follows

• Water is taken from the roots of the plant, and it is transported to leaves of
the plant.
• Carbon dioxide from air enters the leaves through pores called stomata.
• During photosynthesis, chlorophyll containing cells of leaves, in the
presence of sunlight, use carbon dioxide and water to synthesize
carbohydrates and oxygen is released.
• The carbohydrates ultimately get converted into starch. The presence of
starch in leaves indicates the occurrence of photosynthesis.
• Photosynthesis is represented by the following equation.
2. Explain the mechanism of eating insects by a pitcher plant.
Answer:

• The leaf of the pitcher plant is modified into a pitcher like structure. The
apex of the leaf forms a lid which can open and close the mouth of the
pitcher.
• Inside the pitcher there are hairs which are directed downwards.
• When an insect lands in the pitcher, the lid closes and the trapped insect
gets entangled into the hair.
• The insect is digested by the digestive juices secreted in the pitcher. Such
insect eating plants are called insectivorous plants.
• Such plants do not get all the required nutrients from the soil. So, they are
called partial heterotrophs.