ACTIVITY #: 1

Vocabulary Enhancement
Subject: BSSLAW1 Section: AAC Date Due: February 4,
2023
Family Name Given Name Email Address
Barrera Dionard Adrian 20207404@s.ubaguio.edu

1. Certiorari Latin term that means "to be informed of."

Certiorari is the means by which a higher court
Chapter 2 / Reading orders a lower court to deliver to it a case record for
Material #1 review of the lower court's decision. Certiorari is a
(G.R. No. 210641, remedy designed for the correction of errors of
Decision) jurisdiction, not errors of judgement.
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The plaintiff seeks for the order of certiorari to
Contextual sentence
once again review the case.
3. Infringed To encroach, a violation, a breach, or an
unauthorized act upon in a way that violates law or
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1 the rights of another.
(G.R. No. 210641,
Decision)
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With thorough investigation and examination on
Contextual sentence his conduct, he has infringed no rules nor have
violated another person’s rights.
4. Culled Removing certain documents from a larger set. This
can be done for a variety of reasons, such as
Chapter 2 / Reading reducing the size of a data set or removing
Material #1 irrelevant data and documents from a review
(G.R. No. 210641, process.
The Facts and
 Antecedent
Proceedings)
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The defendant culled the documents in his laptop
Contextual sentence so investigators will not find relevant files that
may be used as evidence.
5. Antecedent The life history and previous convictions of a
defendant in a criminal case. Details about the past
Chapter 2 / Reading of a defendant or a person found guilty of a crime.
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Facts and
Antecedent
Proceedings)
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They have investigated the culprit and found
Contextual sentence similar cases in his antecedent; he has done the
crime many times in different occasion.
6. Averring To allege as a fact or prove to be true. To state
positively.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Facts and
Antecedent
Proceedings)
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Contextual sentence In an averring manner, the judge proclaimed the
 defendant to be innocent.
7. Latter Referring to the second of two things or persons
mentioned (or the last one or ones of several).
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Facts and
Antecedent
Proceedings)
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Of the two choices given, I prefer the latter as it
Contextual sentence
seems more correct.
8. Obliged To force or require (someone or something) to do
something because of a law or rule or because it is
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1 necessary.
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Facts and
Antecedent
Proceedings)
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Since I am the head of marketing, I am obliged to
Contextual sentence attend a meeting and present a report to the
stakeholders of the company.
9. Concessionaires A person, group, or company to whom a concession
has been granted, especially to operate a subsidiary
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1 business or service.
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Facts and
Antecedent
Proceedings)
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All of the concessionaires operating inside the
Contextual sentence
mall are required to present their business permits.
10 Lessee A person who takes temporary possession of a
. lessor's property interest through a lease.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Facts and
Antecedent
Proceedings)
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The lessee is obliged to a monthly payment for the
Contextual sentence use of the land, failure to do so will result to
repossession.
11 Decreed To officially decide or order that something must
. happen
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Facts and
Antecedent
Proceedings)
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The Congress have decreed a new building code
Contextual sentence
and standard to focus of structural integrity.
12 Arrears Defined as debt that has accumulated and that has
. not yet been paid upon the due date.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
 The Facts and
Antecedent
Proceedings)
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Due to the arrears that have not been paid, his
Contextual sentence debt initially grew in interest and have double in
amount.
13 Nullified To make a legal agreement or decision have no
. legal force.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Facts and
Antecedent
Proceedings)
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Death penalty in the Philippines has been nullified
Contextual sentence since 2006 during the presidency of Gloria
Macapagal Arroyo
14 Exempt Thing from a particular rule, duty, or obligation
. means to state officially that they are not bound or
Chapter 2 / Reading
affected by it.
Material #2
(G.R. No. 6659)
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Soldiers with disability are exempted from military
Contextual sentence
service upfront but may do service in office duties.
15 Alleged To claim or assert something as true; to make an
. allegation.
Chapter 2 / Reading
 Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Facts and
Antecedent
Proceedings)
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Our neighbor alleged me to stole her delivered
Contextual sentence
packages.
16 Reiterating To say or do over again or repeatedly.
.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Facts and
Antecedent
Proceedings)
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She keeps reiterating to the court that she is
Contextual sentence
innocent, but lacks evidence to prove herself.
17 Sheer Used to emphasize how very great, important, or
. powerful a quality or feeling is. Nothing except,
Chapter 2 / Reading nothing other than; unmitigated (used for emphasis).
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Facts and
Antecedent
Proceedings)
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 The sheer effort and work the lawyer has put into
Contextual sentence
the case resulted in his win.
18 Dispositive An adjective describing something that resolves a
. legal issue, claim or controversy.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Facts and
Antecedent
Proceedings)
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They were not able to provide dispositive evidence
Contextual sentence
to support their claim.
19 Plaintiff The party who brings a legal action or in whose
. name it is brought—as opposed to the defendant,
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1 the party who is being sued.
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Facts and
Antecedent
Proceedings)
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The plaintiff sued his own husband for domestic
Contextual sentence
abuse.
20 Laches Negligence or unreasonable delay in pursuing a
. legal remedy. An equitable defense, or doctrine.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Facts and
Antecedent
Proceedings)
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Due to the claimant’s failure to assert his in a
Contextual sentence timely manner, the defendant invoked laches on
the claimant and resulted to delay.
21 Appellant The party who appeals a lower court's judgment or
. order to a higher court.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Ruling of the
CA)
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The appellant is not entirely satisfied of the
Contextual sentence Barangay Captain’s jurisdiction therefore
proceeding to the Municipal Mayor’s office.
22 Commenced The initiation of a legal proceeding; the time at
. which the judicial or administrative process begins.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Ruling of the
CA)
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The new law will take effect and commence 10
Contextual sentence
days after the publication.
23 Pursuant To say something's in accordance with a particular
. law, ruling, or request.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Ruling of the
 CA)
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Pursuant to their partnership agreement, he is
Contextual sentence entitled to an annual 5% interest of his beginning
capital.
24 Amending To make a change by adding, subtracting, or
. substituting.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
Issues)
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The company secretary were responsible of
Contextual sentence amending the terms in their contract and
agreement as some errors were found.
25 Posited Claimed or assumed as a fact or principle,
. especially as a basis for argument or further
Chapter 2 / Reading investigation.
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Court’s Ruling)
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The surveillance camera recorded him which
Contextual sentence
posited that he had committed the crime.
27 Concur To agree; coincide; act together. To concur is to
. evidence consent in an affirmative or concrete
Chapter 2 / Reading
manner as opposed to merely acquiescing or silently
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641, submitting to a decision.
 The Court’s Ruling)
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As a result of the discussion and research, they
Contextual sentence
have concurred in a decision and made plans.
28 Liberality An inclination to favor progress and individual
. freedom.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Court’s Ruling)
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Their advocacy mainly focuses on eradicating
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discrimination and the spread of liberality.
29 Requisites Not lower or higher than necessary – fits
. comfortably within scope of discretion.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Court’s Ruling)
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The student was able to comply with the requisites
Contextual sentence
in the essay which gave him a high remark.
30 Underlying Facts, ideas or causes that are the real or basic ones
. but are not immediately obvious or explicitly stated.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Court’s Ruling)
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Th UN are able to distinguish he underlying
factors of poverty but since this is a global
Contextual sentence
problem, our world leaders are having a hard time
eradicating poverty.
31 Stipulation An agreement between parties to a dispute or court
. action that a certain fact is true or uncontested.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Court’s Ruling)
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The stipulation states that the defendant must pay
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all his debts including interest to the plaintiff.
32 Escalation Lease or contract that allow for a change in the
. agreed-upon price in response to a specific factor
Chapter 2 / Reading that is outside of the control of either party.
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Court’s Ruling)
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The government must ensure that escalation of
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violence is not to be tolerated.
33 Aforementioned Describing something referred to previously in the
. document.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Court’s Ruling)
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An eye-witness wrote an alibi of the incident and
Contextual sentence the aforementioned person turned out to be the
culprit.
34 Provision A statement within an agreement or a law that a
. particular thing must happen or be done, especially
Chapter 2 / Reading
before another can happen or be done.
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Court’s Ruling)
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In their agreement, as a capitalist partner, he is
responsible for the provision of capital while his
Contextual sentence
partner, as an industrial partner, is responsible in
managing the business.
35 Aggrieved Someone who is taking a case to court because they
. have been treated unfairly. An aggrieved person is
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1 also known as the injured party.
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Court’s Ruling)
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The person mistaken for theft felt aggrieved as
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police arrested him without due process.
36 Indemnification To compensate that party for losses that the party
. has incurred or will incur as related to a specified
Chapter 2 / Reading incident.
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Court’s Ruling)
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They agreed to indemnification; hence, they will
Contextual sentence
pay all of the expenses and losses.
37 Subsequently Occurring or coming later or after.
.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Court’s Ruling)
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Subsequently to their arrival in the city, they went
Contextual sentence
on to by memorabilia and local products.
38 Erroneous Incorrect or wrong; inconsistent with the law or
. with a given set of facts.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Court’s Ruling)
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His alibi was erroneous to what he first mention, it
Contextual sentence
does not line with what he said.
39 Inadvertence Carelessness, negligence and inattention but does
. not include ignorance of the law.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Court’s Ruling)
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He forgot to cite his references. This inadvertence
Contextual sentence
caused his paper to be marked as plagiarized.
40 Claimant A person who goes to court to make a legal
. complaint against someone else.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Court’s Ruling)
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The claimant went to the city attorney’s office to
complain about the traffic enforcer who
Contextual sentence
maltreated and gave her a ticket without a
reasonable explanation.
41 Deplorable Deserving strong condemnation, shockingly bad in
. quality. Causing or being a subject for censure,
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #2 reproach, or disapproval; wretched; very bad.
(G.R. No. 6659)
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The deplorable state in which most prison cells are
Contextual sentence
in the Philippines.
42 Reparation Recompense given to one who has suffered legal
. injury at the hands of another; to make amends,
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #2 provide restitution, or give satisfaction or
(G.R. No. 6659) compensation for a wrong inflicted; it also refers to
https:// the thing done or given to the injured party.
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 The company paid a large amount of sum in
reparation as they have made too much damage to
Contextual sentence
the environment with their illegal dumping of
garbage.
43 Misdemeanor A type of offense punishable under criminal law. A
. crime that is punishable by imprisonment for a year
Chapter 2 / Reading or less.
Material #2
(G.R. No. 6659)
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He is convicted to misdemeanor action, therefore
Contextual sentence
sentencing 6 months in prison.
44 Arose Directly or indirectly, in whole or in part (i) to occur
. as a result of, (ii) to cause, or (iii) to result in.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 210641,
The Court’s Ruling)
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Whenever an argument arose from our neighbors,
Contextual sentence even if just over simple things, they would file
lawsuits.
45 Aberration The fact or an instance of deviating or being
. aberrant especially from a moral standard or normal
Chapter 2 / Reading state. The act of departing from the right, normal, or
Material #2 usual course.
(G.R. No. 6659)
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In a moment of aberration, she decided to go
Contextual sentence
against what was initially planned.
46 Lesion In the civil law this term is used to signify the injury
. suffered in consequence of inequality of situation,
Chapter 2 / Reading by one who does not receive a full equivalent for
Material #2 what he gives in a commutative contract.
(G.R. No. 6659)
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She suffered great lesion when she paid too much
Contextual sentence
for a product but was scammed.
47 Provocation Any unjust or improper conduct or act of the
. offended party, capable of exciting, inciting or
Chapter 2 / Reading irritating anyone.
Material #2
(G.R. No. 6659)
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With repeated provocations, he lost his calm and
Contextual sentence
inflicted damage to those who provoked him.
48 Unwittingly Not intended and inadvertent in a way that is done
. without knowing or planning.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #2
(G.R. No. 6659)
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Sometimes, we may unwittingly give misleading
Contextual sentence
ideas about us.
49 Deranged To be of unsound mind or to incompetent mentally.
.
Chapter 2 / Reading
 Material #2
(G.R. No. 6659)
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She is not able to make proper decision and is not
Contextual sentence
able to comprehend because of his deranged mind.
50 Demented Not able to think clearly or to understand what is
. real and what is not real.
Chapter 2 / Reading
Material #2
(G.R. No. 6659)
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The demented mother cannot accept the death of
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his son, considering the doll to be his son.
1. Reversal The decision of a court of appeal ruling that the
judgment of a lower court was incorrect and is
Chapter 3 / Reading reversed.
Material #1
(G.R. No. 118248)
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The defendant was released of all charges due to
Contextual sentence reversal as the lower court may have been
incorrect of their conviction.
2. Lease A contract between two parties where one party,
the lessor, allows the other party, the lessee, use of
Chapter 3 / Reading their property for a period of time in exchange for
Material #1 consideration, usually a monthly sum of money.
(G.R. No. 118248)
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The landowner decided to lease his property to
Contextual sentence the businessman who is looking for a plot of land
to establish his warehouse.
3. Undertook To put oneself under obligation to perform. To
accept as a charge or responsibility.
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 118248)
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The lawyer took the plaintiff’s case and
Contextual sentence
undertook the responsibility to win the lawsuit.
4. Affidavit A sworn statement put in writing. A formal written
statement of facts voluntarily made by an affiant
Chapter 3 / Reading under an oath or a public official such as the
Material #1 notary public or a person authorized to do so.
(G.R. No. 118248)
 https://lawphil.net/
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She provided an affidavit in support to her case,
Contextual sentence
stating that she solemnly swears to say the truth.
5. Tender To unconditionally offer money or performance to
meet an obligation. A form of money that courts
Chapter 3 / Reading of law are required to recognize as satisfactory
Material #1 payment.
(G.R. No. 118248)
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The defendant is obliged to tender all the lawsuit
Contextual sentence
expenses and damages to the plaintiff.
6. Annotation A brief summary, often in condensed form, of the
law deduced from cases and statutes.
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 118248)
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Both the opposing parties were provided with an
Contextual sentence
annotation of the result of the cases.
7. Docketed A log containing the complete history of each case
in the form of brief chronological entries
Chapter 3 / Reading summarizing the court proceedings.
Material #1
(G.R. No. 118248)
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The court have everything docketed in way that it
Contextual sentence is convenient to find past cases or cases relevant
to one another.
8. Intervention A process that allows a person who is not an
original party to a case, but who will be directly
Chapter 3 / Reading and substantially affected by the outcome, to
Material #1 participate in the case as a party.
(G.R. No. 118248)
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The intervention of another party came at a
Contextual sentence critical time, which resulted to the conviction of
the defendant.
9. Err To make a mistake; to be incorrect, to violate an
accepted standard of conduct.
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 118248)
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She did not get the correct answer because she
Contextual sentence
erred in her calculations.
10 Demise Transfer of property by a lease or will.
.
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 118248)
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Before the predecessor was about to die, she was
Contextual sentence able to demise all of her belongings to her son
who is the successor.
11 Transmissible Capable of being transmitted (as from one person
. to another).
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 118248)
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The obligation and responsibilities of an
individual in an agreement is not transmissible,
Contextual sentence
thus he need to perform his duties until the
contract ends.
12 Decedent A term that is generally used in the law governing
. estates and trusts, in reference to a person who has
Chapter 3 / Reading died. Refers to a person who has passed away, it
Material #1 denotes a legal status as well.
(G.R. No. 118248)
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The fight for who is the rightful successor
Contextual sentence
stemmed from the great fortune of the decedent.
13 Predecessor A person who held a job or office before the
. current holder. An entity that is replaced by a
Chapter 3 / Reading successor.
Material #1
(G.R. No. 118248)
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The predecessor was not able to teach his
Contextual sentence successor of the things she needed to know about
the position.
14 Obligor An individual who owes a benefit or payment to
. another person, such as child support, alimony, or
Chapter 3 / Reading a payment on a loan.
Material #1
(G.R. No. 118248)
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 When the obligor is not able to fulfill his
Contextual sentence
obligation, he may be subjected to lawsuit.
15 Discretion The power of a judge, public official or private
. party to act according to the dictates of their own
(G.R. No. 118248) judgment and conscience within general legal
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judjuris/juri2000/
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As all evidences and allegations are clear, the
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court’s discretion held the convict guilty.
16 Render To furnish for consideration, approval, or
. information: such as: to hand down (a legal
Chapter 3 / Reading judgment): to agree on and report (a verdict).
Material #1
(G.R. No. 118248)
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The jury is to render their decision whether the
Contextual sentence
defendant is found guilty or innocent.
17 Contemplate To spend time thinking about a possible future
. action or event; to be able to think about
Chapter 3 / Reading something or imagine something, especially some
Material #1 event that might have (usually negative)
(G.R. No. 118248) consequences.
https://lawphil.net/
judjuris/juri2000/
apr2000/
gr_118248_2000.html
Lawyers must contemplate and prepare
Contextual sentence themselves for whatever situation will come with
regards to protecting their client.
18 Reconvey The return of title to the original owner. Most
. commonly arises in the context of reconveyance of
Chapter 3 / Reading real estate deeds—also referred to as deed of
Material #1 reconveyance.
(G.R. No. 118248)
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 judjuris/juri2000/
apr2000/
gr_118248_2000.html
Because the lessee is not able to pay the said
Contextual sentence amount in the agreement, the property is
reconveyed to the owner.
19 Futile Ineffectual; useless; incapable of producing any
. result; not successful. The complaint, as amended,
Chapter 3 / Reading would fail to state a claim upon which relief could
Material #1 be granted.
(G.R. No. 118248)
https://lawphil.net/
judjuris/juri2000/
apr2000/
gr_118248_2000.html
All attempts of the convict and his lawyer to
Contextual sentence prove his innocence were futile as the opposing
side have evidences and support to their stand.
20 Contention Disagreement or argument about something
. important. A point asserted as part of an argument.
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #1
(G.R. No. 118248)
https://lawphil.net/
judjuris/juri2000/
apr2000/
gr_118248_2000.html
Both the opposing parties presented their
Contextual sentence contention with regards to the lawsuit, but the
plaintiff has a stronger stand.
21 Collusion Is when two or more parties secretly agree to
. defraud a third-party of their rights or accomplish
Chapter 3 / Reading an illegal purpose.
Material #1
(G.R. No. 118248)
https://lawphil.net/
judjuris/juri2000/
apr2000/
gr_118248_2000.html
Contextual sentence The National Bureau of Investigation has was
 able to arrest the heads of Bureau of Internal
Revenue and Bureau of Customs in their joint
collusion.
22 Substantive Having a firm basis in reality and therefore
. important, meaningful, or considerable.
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 2)
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The President has had a number of substantive
projects which people benefited and improved the
Contextual sentence
quality of life. Because of that, people supported
him.
23 Demurrer A written statement or plea in response to a legal
. complaint made against another person; it does not
Chapter 3 / Reading dispute the truth, only the evidence presented is
Material #2 not adequate enough to bring relief or a cause of
(The Effect Of action.
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 3)
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The defendant wrote a demurrer to the judge’s
Contextual sentence jurisdiction to show that the case is not worthy of
continuance and therefore calls for dismissal.
24 Rebutted Act of showing evidence or arguments introduced
. to counter, disprove, or contradict the opposing
Chapter 3 / Reading party's evidence or argument, either at trial or in a
Material #2 reply brief.
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 3)
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The opposing party’s lawyer rebutted with
Contextual sentence evidences and support to show that his client is
innocent.
25 Evidentiary Something that has the characteristics of an
. evidence and qualifies as evidence.
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 3)
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The fingerprint in the knife found in the crime
Contextual sentence scene will serve as evidentiary in determining
who the culprit is.
26 Averment An assertion or affirmation of fact, especially a
. positive declaration or allegation in a legal
Chapter 3 / Reading pleading.
Material #2
 (The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 3)
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The culprit surrendered and delivered his
Contextual sentence
averment to his crime.
27 Trover A form of lawsuit for recovery of damages for
. wrongful taking of personal property.
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 3)
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He filed trover in an attempt to recover the
Contextual sentence
damages inflicted.
28 Inference A rational conclusion that has been deduced, or
. proved, from the presented facts.
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 4)
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 scholarship.law.upenn.
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The jury is having a hard time drawing their
Contextual sentence inference because both sides seem to have a
reliable statement and have presented evidences.
29 Probative Something that tends to demonstrate or prove
. something.
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 4)
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The evidence is sufficient to have a probative
Contextual sentence
value as being used in the case.
30 Admonish It occurs when an offender who has been found
. guilty or who has pleaded guilty, is not given a
Chapter 3 / Reading fine, but instead receives a lesser penalty in the
Material #2 form of a verbal warning.
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 5)
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 The judge admonished him and issued a warning
Contextual sentence
of his unjust conduct.
31 Taboo Anything that is prohibited by the laws governing
. a particular society.
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
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Of Proof, page 5)
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Vandalism, specially in the overpasses of Baguio
Contextual sentence City is taboo and could get you punished by the
law.
32 Adherence The action of continuing to obey a rule, law,
. agreement.
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 5)
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The Highway Patrol Group of La Union asked
Contextual sentence rider for the adherence of using reflectorized vest
as it is a new ordinance.
33 Repudiate Denial of the existence of a contract and/or refusal
. to perform a contract obligation.
 Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
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Of Proof, page 5)
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He repudiated and did not conform with their
Contextual sentence
agreement and resulted to breach of contract.
34 Preponderance Refers to the evidentiary standard necessary for a
. victory in a civil case. The standard of proof,
Chapter 3 / Reading commonly used in civil litigation, that requires the
Material #2 party with the burden of proof to demonstrate that
(The Effect Of an allegation or argument is more likely to be true
Rebuttable than false.
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 9)
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The preponderance of evidence served as great
Contextual sentence
support by the opposing party.
35 Rigor A level of difficulty that is appropriate for the
. grade level and that meets state and/or national
Chapter 3 / Reading standards. Strictness, severity, or harshness, as in
Material #2 dealing with people. the full or extreme severity of
(The Effect Of laws, rules, etc.
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
 Of Proof, page 10)
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The case is treated with full rigor of the law, the
Contextual sentence defendant is having a hard time to prove his
innocence.
36 Layman The term given to a person who is not in the legal
. profession or a person with no particular
Chapter 3 / Reading profession.
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 11)
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The lawyer was amazed by his knowledge with
Contextual sentence
the law, considering that he is a layman.
37 Exigent Something that requires immediate attention; for
. instances, preventing the destruction of evidence,
Chapter 3 / Reading or preventing the escape of a fleeing felon, or
Material #2 preventing harm to somebody. A state of affairs
(The Effect Of that makes urgent demands.
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 9)
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 article=7784&context=
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The police have taken action to apprehend the
Contextual sentence criminal because he established exigent
circumstances.
38 Masquerading A type of threat action whereby an unauthorized
. entity gains access to a system or performs a
Chapter 3 / Reading malicious act by illegitimately posing as an
Material #2 authorized entity.
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 11)
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She was masquerading as my mother and used
Contextual sentence her name in vain. My mother then sued her for
using her name.
39 Improbable A term that means a thing is difficult to believe,
. unlikely to be true or to occur.
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 11)
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In accordance to the evidences and surveillance
Contextual sentence
camera footages, his testimony is improbable.
40 Cohabitation Used primarily to denote the arrangement between
. two individuals who live together, either as
Chapter 3 / Reading spouses or unmarried partners.
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 12)
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The few years of their cohabitation served as a
Contextual sentence
test before their marriage.
41 Tort An act or omission that gives rise to injury or
. harm to another and amounts to a civil wrong for
Chapter 3 / Reading which courts impose liability.
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 12)
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He sued the person who hit him for tort to
Contextual sentence
recover the medical expenses.
42 Ancillary Of secondary importance; something subordinate
. or supplementary.
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
 Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 9)
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His claim provided as ancillary support to the
Contextual sentence
defendants claim.
43 Keen Having or showing eagerness or enthusiasm.
.
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 13)
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Ever since he watched the “The Lawyer” movie,
Contextual sentence
he became very keen on studying law.
44 Admissible Considered satisfactory and acceptable in a law
. court.
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 13)
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The new evidences presented to the court was
Contextual sentence
ruled as admissible by the judge.
45 Stringent Rules, or conditions are very severe or are strictly
. controlled.
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 14)
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To instill fear to criminals, we must be stringent
Contextual sentence
on imposing stricter punishments.
46 Diametrical From opposite ends of a diameter. It also means
. exactly opposite or contrary. The word diametric
Chapter 3 / Reading is used to refer the different approaches adapted to
Material #2 a problem.
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 14)
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The actions they did was exactly diametrical of
Contextual sentence
the what the law proposes them to do.
47 Litigant A party in a lawsuit. This includes plaintiffs and
. defendants but does not include attorneys or
Chapter 3 / Reading witnesses.
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 3)
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The litigants settled their case outside of court,
Contextual sentence
thus did not need further trial.
48 Reluctance The quality or state of being reluctant -
. unwillingness or disinclination to do something.
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 3)
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The mother did not understand the reluctance of
Contextual sentence the father to provide the children with child
support.
49 Peculiar Applies to qualities possessed only by a particular
. individual or class or kind and stresses rarity or
Chapter 3 / Reading uniqueness.
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
 Presumptions Of
Law Upon The Burden
Of Proof, page 9)
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It seems peculiar of the judge to not attend a
Contextual sentence
scheduled trial.
50 Iniquitous Absence of all signs of justice or fairness.
.
Chapter 3 / Reading
Material #2
(The Effect Of
Rebuttable
Presumptions Of
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Of Proof, page 9)
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The police officer iniquitously arrested the man
Contextual sentence for simply having similar features and with no
basis.

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