Essentials of IT Assignment

Answer No. 1
Introduction: Excel spreadsheets organize this data into worksheets, each with many rows
and columns, row or column has one or more cells, with each cell holding a single data
value, Excel provides a range of automated functions for working with these stored data
values, including the chart function, The charting function can be a key element in these
processes. The charts are available in 3D as well.
Types of charts as follow:
1. Pie and doughnut chart: Data that's arranged in one column or row on a worksheet
can be plotted in a pie chart, the size of items in one data series, The data points in a
pie chart are shown as a percentage of the whole pie, Data that's arranged in columns
or rows only on a worksheet can be plotted in a doughnut chart

2. Area Chart: Data that's arranged in columns or rows on a worksheet can be plotted in
an area chart, By showing the sum of the plotted values, an area chart also shows the
relationship of parts to a whole.

3. Surface Chart: Data that's arranged in columns or rows on a worksheet can be plotted
in a surface chart, As in a topographic map, colours and patterns indicate areas that are
in the same range of values. You can create a surface chart when both categories and
data series are numeric values.

Conclusion: Excel provides a range of automated functions for working with these stored data
values, The chart function in Excel enables users to strike a balance between automation and
customization, the user is also able to assert control over many chart details if necessary, the
chart function can transform this data into a chart with a minimal amount of user input, If a
business or other organization is using spreadsheet data managed within Excel, using the chart
function within Excel aids integration of the data.

Answer No. 2
Q2A) formatting and format cells
Q2B) formatting and highlight greater 300

Q2 C) colour scale option and format the Item Weigh (the colour scale helps us to understand
and identify the item weight from lowest to highest 1. _____shows the highest weight. 2.
______ shows the average weight. 3. ______ shows the lower weight. 4. _____ shows the
lowest weight.

Q2 D) In this there will be no changes because dates are not the current date.
Q2E) The date has been highlighted

Answer No. 3
3A)
Relationship Between Sales and Advertising
Sales: Many small companies run advertising first to support the selling function. Small
companies may use either more advertising or more selling, which largely depends upon the
nature of the businesses. Sales and advertising are both functions of marketing, which
involves getting products from the idea stage to consumers. Business owners have different
objectives when using sales or advertising. Sales simply mean all those activities used to sell
the products and services in the market. But, in a broader term, the word sale represents much
more than just selling products and services.
Advertising:
Advertising is also called a paid announcement by an identified sponsor for calling the
attention of the public towards any product, idea or service. It is also known as a promotional
tact to influence, communicate, and inform people or customers about your products and
services, advertising media is one-way media to reach out on customers via various types of
advertising platform. It does not involve any transaction between customers or audience.
Small companies have to advertise daily, weekly or monthly. Depending on the type of media
as it also takes time for people to respond to it.
3B) Introduction:
Data: Each piece of data is a little fact that doesn’t mean much on its own. The word data can
be used for a singular fact or a collection of facts. Data is unorganized while information is
structured or organized information is an uncountable noun while data is a mass noun, Data is
not typically useful on its own, but the information is, Data generally includes the raw forms
of numbers, statements, and characters.
Information: It is what results when you have processed, interpreted, and organized facts,
Information is the output, or how the computer interprets your data and shows you the
requested action or directive, In the world of business, data are often raw numbers and
information is a collection of individual data points that you use to understand what you’ve
measured.
Database: Computer scientists may classify database-management systems according to
the database models that they support. Collection of data in a logical and integrated manner is
the database. it is very easy to access nowadays as everything has been kept in electronic
gadgets such as computers, where we can also store all traditional files details too. Major
limitations of traditional file processing system have the following:

• Data storage, retrieval and update

• Support for transactions and concurrency

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS)

A database management system (DBMS) is system software for creating and

managing databases. A DBMS makes it possible for end-users to create, read, update and
delete data in a database, Compared to the File Based Data Management System, Database
Management System has many advantages, DBMS makes it possible for end-users to create,
read, update and delete data in the database. It is a layer between programs and data.

Advantage of DBMS:
Data Redundancy: Redundancy is reduced or eliminated in DBMS because all data are
stored at a centralized location rather than being created by individual users and for each
application.
Data Searching: we can write small queries to search for multiple information at a time from
the data from DB servers.
Data Access: the Database for you and it will retrieve the information in the fastest way
possible due to its inbuilt searching operations.