Bogra Formula

Also known as --- constitutional formula/ equal representation formula

1953—pm Muhammad Ali Bogra—3rd PM (1953-55)

7 Oct 1953—presented in constitutional assembly

Bicameral Legislature

--Lower house will be called house of people--- 300 members, 150 seats from each side

House of units/ senate--- 50 seats

He proposed to divide west Pakistan itno 5 units

Tenure of president—5 years

Constitutional assembly dissolved— 24 Oct 1954

Molvi Tameez ud Din Case

Molvi Tameez Ud din --- speaker of 1st constituent assembly

Sindh high court--- decided in favor of Molvi Tameez Ud Din

Governor General appealed against the decision in federal court

Chief justice federal court—Justice Munir--- decided in favor of governor general on the basis of doctrine
of necessity

2nd constituent assembly

Total members—80

2nd C.A—NO women

40 members were from west pak and 40 members were from east pak

First session—7 july 1955

Pm—ch. Muhammad Ali—4th pm

2nd. C.A First bill—one unit formation

Speaker—abdul wahab khan

One unit formula

 Proposed by Muhammad Ali Bogra— 22 Nov 1954

 1955—Ch. Muhammad Ali—30 september 1955 bill was passed from constituent assembly
 5 Oct 1955—One Unit was created--- governor general sikandar mirza signed on one unit order
 One Unit--- all the west pakistan provinces became one province
 1955-1970
 1970—general Yahya Khan—abolished one unit, 30 March 1970—Baluchistan was given status
of province
 West Pakistan first cm after one unit—Khan abdul Jabbar Khan
 West Pakistan first governor after one unit—mushtaq ahmed gurmani

1956 constitution:

29 feb 1956—adopted by constituent assembly

23 March 1956—enforced

Name of the country—Islamic republic of Pakistan

234 artciles

Unicameral legislature

National assembly and president—legislative powers

National assembly members—300

150 from east and 150 from west

Five seats from each province was reserved for women—

300+10= 310 total members

Minimum age of president—40 years

President must be a muslim

Abrogated by sikandar mirza—7 Oct 1958

27 Oct 1958—ayub Khan removed sikandar mirza

National languages—urdu, Bengali

System of governance—parliamentary, Pm was head of state

1962 constitution

8 june 1962—implemented

8 June 1962—Pak launched its first rocket in space

250 articles

System of governance—presidential

Unicameral legislature

Urdu, Bengali—official languages

Basic democracies system introduced by ayub Khan—80,000 BD members—they will elect the
president
Name of country—republic of pakistan

Political parties act 1962—

156 members—half from each side

3 reserves seats from each side for women

Total members = 162

Abrogated by—Yahya Khan on 25 March 1969

Legal Framework Order—1970 issued by Yahya Khan

Schedules—1956—6

1962—3

And 1973—5

PRODA Act

Public representative offices disqualification Act—Jan 1949

1958== ayub Khan he replaced proda with PODO Act and EBDO

PODO= Public office disqualification order – 1959

EBDO= Elective bodies disqualification order- 1959

Disqualified politicians from politics till 31 Dec 1966

1973 constitution

10 april 1973—constitution was passed from assembly

12 april 1973—approved by president

14 Aug 1973—implemented

280 articles

State religion was declared as islam for the first time

Bicameral legislature

Lower house—national assembly—at first 342 members, 272 initially general seats, 60 women and
10 minorities

Currently== 266 general seats

Senate== 104 seats

New election for senate there will be 96 seats

Head of govt== prime minister

Schedules== 5

Urdu—national language

Islamic republic of pakistan

26 amendments as of now

1st—may 1974, redefined the boundaries of Pakistan and removed east Pakistan

2nd amendment—7 sep 1974—Khatme nabuwat day—defined a muslim—declared Ahamdis as non-

muslim

3rd amendment—feb 1975—period of preventive detention was increased

4th amendment—Nov 1975—decreed additional seats for minorities, deprived courts from the
power to grant bail to a person detained under preventive detention

5th amendment—sep 1976—applied some restrictions on High Courts

6th amendment—dec 1976—fixed the retirement age for chief justices of high court and supreme
court—62 years age for retirement for chief justice of high court, 65 years for the retirement of chief
justice of supreme court

7th amendment—enable the pm to take vote of confidence from people of Pak—May 1977

8th amendment—Nov 1985—changed the parliamentary form of govt to presidential form of govt---
Nov 1985

9th amendment—bill to impose sharia law as the supreme law of land—passed from senate but
never passed from national assembly—never enforced—1985

10th amendment—March 1987—fixed the interval between national assembly session to not exceed
130 days

11th amendment—revision of women seats in national and provincial assemblies—1989—but it was

not passed, 1992 withdrawn

12th amendment—created speedy trial courts for 3 years—1991

13th amendment--- 1997—stripped the president from the power to dissolve national assembly

14th amendment—july 1997—allowed members of parliament to be dismissed if they defect.

15th amendment—Bill to impose sharia law, never passed—1998

16th amendment—increased the term of appointment of people on minority quota from 20 to 40

years--- 1999

17th amendment--- presidential system, reversed the effect of 13 th amendment—2003

18th amendment--- reversed the effect of 17 th amendment, parliamentary system, powers will be
given to PM--- Passed by national assembly 8 april 2010, passed by senate on 15 April 2010.
NWFP name changed to KPK

Provincial autonomy and dissolution of powers was done

19th amendment--- provided the method to appoint judges of supreme court--- dec 2010

20th amendment--- Free and fair elections—feb 2012

21st amendment--- speedy trial courts/ military courts for terrorists for a period of 2 years—jan 2015

22nd amendment--- ECP powers deputed to Chief of ECP== 2016

23rd amendment--- increased the term of military courts for another 2 years—Jan 2017

24th amendment--- reallocation of NA seats based on 2017 census--- Dec 2017

25th amendment--- FATA was merged with KPK---- May 2018

26th amendment--- NA will have 12 seats from tribal districts and 21 seats will be for tribal district in
KPK assembly---- May 2019

Important articles of 1973 constitution:

Article 1: defines the republic and its territories

Article 2: islam to be the state religion of the country

Article 8: laws against fundamental rights will be void

Article 9: No person shall be deprived of liberty of life

Article 10 A: right to free trial

Article 11: slavery us non existent and forbidden, all forms of forced labour and human trafficking is
prohibited

Article 15: freedom of movement

Article 19: freedom of speech

Article 20 A: every citizen has the right to practice his religion

Article 15: equality of citizenship

Article 25 A: provision of free education to every child till the age of 5-16

Article 34: women rights in Pakistan

Article 35: the state shall protect the family, marriage, mother and child

Article 39: related to the participation of people in armed forces

Article 42: oath of president before chief justice

Article 62-63: define the eligibility of parliamentarian

Article 136: vote of no confidence against chief minister

Article 189: decision of supreme court will be binding on other courts

Article 245: the function of armed forces

Article 251: declares urdu as official language

Article 95: vote of no confidence against PM

Article 112: dissolution of assemblies

Article 58 2 b: president had the powers to dissolve assemblies without advice of PM--- Removed in
18th amendment--- 18th amendment is also called mini constitution of Pakistan

5 schedules:

First schedule: laws exempted from operation article 8 and article 2

Second schedule: laws related to election of president

Third schedule: related to oaths of office

Fourth schedule: legislative lists

Fifth schedule: remuneration of judges and terms and conditions of their service

Article 239: says that to amend the constitution, 2/3 majority of both houses is required

Article 89: says that an ordinance shall stand repealed at the expiration of 120 days from its
implementation

Article 91: PM shall be elected by a simple majority of national assembly--- 172/342

Article 6: High treason

Article 59: states the composition and powers of senate

Senate--- each member has 6 years term

Minimum age of senator--- 30 years

Minimum age of NA member--- 25 years

General seats------- 14 seats for each province, 2 for federal capital and 8 for FATA

Technocrats/ulema---- 4 seats each for each province, 1 for federal

Women----- 4 seats each for each province, 1 seat for federal

Minority----- 1 seat each for each province, no minority seat for federal and FATA

Indus water Treaty:

April 1948--- india blocked Pakistani waters

World bank intervened

19 september 1960--- indus water treaty--- Karachi,

Ayub Khan

India--- Jawhar Laal Nehru

Western rivers--- indus, jehlum and Chenab

Origin of indus--- Tibet mountains, Lake Manosorawar

Eastern rivers--- Ravi, Satluj and Beas

For 10 years--- water of eastern rivers will be available to Pak

Mangla Dam, Tarbela Dam and Warsak Dam will be constructed in Pak with the help of World Bank.

Relocation of Capital

1961—construction of Islamabad started

1963--- New residents started to arrive in Islamabad

14 Aug 1967--- Islamabad officially became the new capital, legislative branch shifted to Dhaka while
executive branch stayed in Islamabad

First five year plan--- 1955-60

Land reforms--- 1000 acres for non-irrigated land and 500 acres for irrigated land

1965 war

6 sep-23 sep

Aziz Bhatti Lahore

Hilal e istiqlal--- Lahore, SGD and Sialkot

Chawinda--- after WWII largest tank battle

1966--- Tashkent declaration

UN--- ceasefire between india and pak

USSR--- meeting arrange between india and Pak in Tashkent

10 Jan 1966---- agreement, both forces will withdraw to pre-war positions, resumption of economic
and diplomatic relations between both countries and peaceful resolution of future conflicts

Pakistani public got angry against Ayub Khan

PPP--- founded in 1967 by Bhutto

Anti Ayub movement started

Ayub Khan resigned on---- 25 March 1969

Handed over to Gen Yahya Khan---- abrogated 1962 constitution

Ended one unit---- 1970, Baluchistan granted province status--- 30 March 1970

LFO—Legal Framework Order--- 30 March 1970

Minar e Pakistan built in---1968

70 m height

Architect--- Nassredin Murat Khan

Mazar e quaid--- 1970

Architect--- Yahya Merchant

1970 elections

7 december 1970

300 general seats

162 seats from East Pakistan

138 seats from West Pakistan

13 seats were reserved for women

7 seats were from east

6 seats were from west

167--- Seats for Awami League

160 seats of Awami league were from East

86 seats PPP

1971 War

3 dec 1971--- india invade west Pakistan

16 dec 1971--- Fall of Dhaka

Provisional government announced by Awami League---- Taj ud din Ahmad announced as first PM

25 March 1971--- mujib was arrested

26 March 1971--- provisional govt was announced

Bhutan was the first state to recognize Bangladesh--- Bhutan was the protectorate state of India

First president of Ban--- Mujib

1974--- Pak accepted Ban--- OIC summit Lahore

Agarthala conspiracy case--- 1968 vs sheikh Mujib

Case dissolved--- Feb 1969

Assassination of Mujib--- 1975

Bhutto Regime

Created posts of joint chiefs

1972--- Commander in chief replaced by army chief, navy chief and air chief

Last commander in chief--- Gul Hassan

Commander in chief--- general Musa Khan--- 1965, longest serving commander in chief of Pak army

First army chief--- General Tikka Khan

Last Commander in chief of air force--- Abdur Rahim khan

Air marshal Noor Khan--- 1965 war commander in chief of air forces

Air marshal asghar Khan---- first muslim commander in chief of air forces--- longest serving
commander in chief of air force

First air chief---- Zafar Chaudhary

Last commander in chief of NAVY--- Muzzafar Hassan

First chief of naval staff--- Hassan Hafeez Ahmad

1976--- Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff committee

First CJSC--- General M. Sharif

Longest serving army chief--- Zia Ul Haq

Bhutto Land reforms---

Irrigated land--- 150 acres

Non-irrigated--- 300 acres

1972--- First nuclear power plant--- Kanupp--- Canada--- Karachi

Taxila---- tank repair factory

Kamra--- aeronautical

Nationalization---

Labour policy introduced --- 1972

General Elections--- 1977

March 1977--- PPP won the majority

Protests against Bhutto

PNA started protests--- Pakistan National Alliance

April 1972---- Pakistan left common wealth---- rejoined in 1989---- Pm Benazir Bhutto

Left SEATO---- 1973

Shimla agreement---- 2nd July 1972

Bhutto and Indira Gandhi

Release of 930000 troops from Bangladesh---- released in August 1972

Both the countries would withdraw from occupied land---- Pakistan withdrew 70 square mile

India withdrew from 5000 square miles

Pakistan will recognize Bangladesh--- Pak recognized Ban in 1974 OIC Summit

National registration authority was established for the first time in Pakistan----1973

First national identity card was given to Z.A Bhutto

NADRA---- established in March 2000

Hunza officially acceded to Pak in 1974

Operation Fair Play:

5 July 1977--- Zia Ul Haq deposed Z.A Bhutto and imposed martial law

Zia Ul Haq--- 2nd Coas

6th president----

Established a committee to probe allegations of rigging--- the committee found a document---

titled---- A Model Election Plan---- called as Larkana Plan--- from Bhutto’s residence---- which
included the plan of how to rig the elections

Bhutto arrested and hanged in 4 april 1979 in Rawalpindi

Afghan war

Sour Revolution---- also called April revolution

Date--- 27-28 April 1978

Noor Muhammad Tarkai removed Daud Khan (1973-78)

Last king of AFG--- Zahir Shah before 1973

1979--- Noor Muhammad Tarkai was removed by Hafiz Ullah Amin (backed by USSR)

1979--- Russia invaded AFG to support Hafiz Ullah Amin

USA asked Pakistan to stop the invasion

Pak got the status of most favorite nation for trade from USA and military aid of 3.2 billion dollars

1980--- Hafiz Ullah Amin removed by Babrak Kamal

1986---- Muhammad Najib Ullah removed Babrak Kamal

1992--- AFG mujahideen removed Najib Ullah

1992-1996--- civil war

1996--- Taliban govt formed led by Mullah Umar

2001---- 7 oct 2001---- USA invaded AFG and removed Taliban govt

USSR invasion--- 24 dec 1979

Geneva Accords---- April 1988--- Between Pakistan and AFG

USSR withdrawal started---- 15 May 1988

And last soldier of USSR left AFG on---- 15 Feb 1989

US president at the start of AFG war--- Jimmy Carter

US president at the end of AFG war---- George W. Bush

USSR president at the end of AFG war--- Michael Gorbachev

USSR president at the start of AFG war--- Leonid Brezhnev

Federal shariat court established---- 1980

Zakat and Ushar ordinance--- 1980

Established Majlas e Shoora--- 1980

Introduced Profit and Loss system in banks--- 1 January 1980

December 1984--- Presidential referendum

1985--- Nonparty based elections

Muhammad Khan Junejo was elected as PM---- 8 TH Amendment was introduced and president was
given the right to depose the PM by using article 58, 2 B

Qazi courts established in---- 1984--- to decide matters at the local level as per shariah

Islah I muashra committees---- 1982

Sir Creel Issue:

96 km disputed strip between india and pak---- Sindh--- Indian Gujrat

Creek---- a natural stream of water that is smaller than a river

Highest number of creeks in the world----England

Largest creek in the world--- Australia--- Billabong creek

Issue started in 1908--- at that time Sindh was part of Bombay Presidency--- 1936---- Sindh
separated from Bombay

Dispute arise between govt. of Sindh and Ruler of Gujrat in 1908

British government conducted a survey in 1911

1914---- Government of Bombay enacted Bombay government resolution and area of Kutch was
given to Sindh

After independence Sindh joined Pakistan and Kutch remained with Gujrat

1965--- British PM intervened---- Harold Wilson and UN tribunal was established to solve the issue---

1968--- verdict---- 10% area will be given to Pak and 90% was given to India

Siachen Issue:

Start date--- 13 April 1984

India gains control of whole Siachen glacier

Siachen is also called world highest battlefield--- 6000 meters

India conducted operation Meghdoot in 1984 to gain Siachen

Pakistan planned an operation in 1984---- Abadeel

Operation Rajive---- India conducted 1987

Ceasefire---- 2003

5 points of Muhammad Khan Junejo

Promotion of Islamic ideology

Economic justice

Abolish illiteracy

Eradicate corruption

Independent foreign policy

Ojehri Camp disaster

1988--- Rawalpindi---- ammunition camp of Army

Khaqan Abbasi---- died in Ojehri Camp disaster

29 May 1988--- Zia deposed Junejo government

Gen Zia he died in a plane crash--- August 17, 1988--- US Ambassador--- Arnold Raphel also died in
this plane crash

New army chief--- Gen Aslam Baig

Ghulam Ishaq Khan became acting president

16 November 1988--- new elections

PPP led by Benazir Bhutto vs IJI led by Nawaz Sharif

Benazir became the first PM of a muslim state

December 1989---- first women bank was established in 1989 in Karachi

1989--- Pakistan rejoined commonwealth

1990--- Benazir declared the year as year of space

1990--- pakistan launched its 1st military satellite with the help of China--- Badr-1

Operation Midnight Jackal--- operation to remove Benazir Bhutto using vote of no confidence--- not
succeeded

August 1990---- Benazir was dismissed from office by president by using 58 2 b

Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi became caretaker PM

Oct 1990--- IJI win

18 April 1993--- President Ghulam Ishaq Khan removes Nawaz Sharif

Sardar Balkh Sher Mazari--- caretaker PM

Nawaz sharif challenged the decision of president in Supreme Court

Chief Justice Nasim Shah--- supreme court in favor of Nawaz Sharif

Nawaz Sharif had to resign 0n 19 July 1993

1993 elections

Benazir Bhutto became PM for the second time

PPP elected Farooq Ahamd Leghari as the president

1996--- Murtaza Bhutto assassinated

1996--- Leghari dismisses Bhutto government

1994---- First female police station was established in Pakistan in Islamabad

1997--- Elections---- Nawaz sharif became PM for second time

13th amendment

1998---- 28 May 1998--- Nuclear explosions

Rafiq Tarar was elected as president

14th amendment--- never passed---- he intended to became ameer Ul Momineen

1999--- Atal Bihari Vajpaye--- visited Lahore via Bus----- Lahore declaration Feb 1999---- Pak and india
will peacefully resolve Kashmir issue

1999—Kargil---- May 1999---July 1999

12 October 1999--- Pervez Musharraf became chief executive of Pakistan

Provisional constitution order---- 1999

March 2000---- NADRA established

May 2000---- Supreme court legalizes the military coup of musharaf

June 2001---- became president

July 2001--- Agra Summit---- Atal Bihari Vajpaye and Musharraf met

SAARC Summit 2004---- Islamabad

Vajpaye and musharaff met

September 2004---- Manmohan singh and mushraff met in UN

Cricket Summit---- april 2005

Non aligned summit 2006---- Havana---- Musharraf and Manmohan singh

April 2002---- referendum

October 2002----- general elections

PML Q---- majority---- coalition government established and Mir Zafar Ullah Khan Jamali--- he is the first
and only PM from Baluchistan---- tenure----2002-04

9/11 2001----

March 2004--- Pakistan declared as the most important ally of US outside NATO.

Zafar Ullah Jamali resigned

CH. Shujaat Hussain became PM --- 30 June 2004- 20 August 2004

He was replaced by Shokat Aziz--- 2004-07

He was the head of City Bank New York

Only vice president of Pakistan--- Nurul Amin

Local government elections--- 2001

2002---- reforms

For the first time voter age was reduced to 18 years from previously 21 years

For the first time the candidates were mandated to have at least bachelor degree

1985-2002---- separate electorates for minorities---- separate electorate systems was abolished in 2002

Assassination of Akbar Bugti--- August 26, 2006

NRO--- National reconciliation ordinance----2007

3 November 2007--- enforced emergency

3 Nov 2007- 15 December 2007

December 27, 2007--- Rawalpindi--- Liaqat Bagh

Feb 2008---- general elections

PPP--- won majority

PM--- Yousaf Raza Gilani---- he has the longest consecutive term as president of Pakistan

2008--- asif ali zardari became president

Fehmida mirza--- speaker national assembly--- first female speaker of national assembly

2009---- terrorist attack on Sri Lankan team

2010--- 18th amendment

June 2012---- Yousuf Raza Gilani disqualified by Supreme Court

Raja Pervez Ashraf--- became PM

2013 elections

PML N Won

Nawaz Sharif became PM for the third time

President--- Mamnoon Hussain

16 December 2014--- APS attack

2015--- CPEC agreement was signed

Original amount of investment in CPEC--- 46 Billion dollars

2020--- 62 billion dollars

2022--- 65 billion dollars

2015--- 21st amendment--- military courts established

2017--- military courts enhanced for further 2 years

2018--- FATA merged with KPK

2018--- elections

PTI win

Imran Khan became PM

Arif Alvi became president

30 August 2021--- US completes its withdrawal from AFG

15 August 2021---- Kabul fell to talibans

Vote of no confidence against 2022--- 10 April 2022

Imran Khan became the only Pm to be ousted via vote of no confidence

Shehbaz Sharif became the PM

