Types of Libraries

School Libraries : Nature

• The school library is a vital instrument for quality education, therefore, its services should be
well planned, organized and administered. The librarians is the key that will open the door to a
functional, service oriented library program that will support, vitalize and implement the
educational program as it strives to meet the needs of each student.
• The teacher-librarian should be aware of their responsibilities in order that each student will be
made to achieve the optimum of his potentials as learner, as citizen and as human being.

What constitute a school library?

According to California’s Laws
1. A written, explicit mission statement
2. A fixed location
3. Established, posted hours of service (at least 20hrs a week)
4. An organized collection of information and materials accessible for use by its primary clientele
5. An established funding base
6. At least one paid staff member, or on-site at least 24 hrs a week who holds or is pursuing a
degree in library/information science or a library media teacher credential

School library defined..

• A library that is established to support the curriculum-related research and instructional reading
needs of pupils and teachers and provides collections, related equipment and instructional
services of a staff for an elementary or secondary school.
(Library of California Act 1998,33 )
• a library not just a room full of books, a static inanimate object. It is more akin to living organism
–full of life activities.
• It deals with one hand with all changing forms of recorded knowledge –books, magazines,
newspapers, maps, charts, pictures and also films, filmstrips, tapes, teaching machines, radio,
television etc. on the other hand serves a whole range of patrons of varying intellectual and
emotional levels with changing and expanding needs.

Mission:
 The mission of the library media program is to:
“Ensure that students and staff are effective users of idea and information”
(American Association of School Librarians)

Functions and Purpose

• The library is a service an agency and an agent of change
• It helps student find information which they need, to carry out classroom assignments and to
satisfy their own personal interest
• Librarians should work with the teachers to enrich the program of instruction through
supplementary materials of every description , provide the necessary materials and organize
them for efficient use, teach students what materials are and how they are use.

Purposes:
1. To participate in the school program as it serves to meet the needs of pupils, teachers, parents
and other community members
2. To provide boys and girls with the library materials and services most appropriate and most
meaningful in their growth and development as individuals
3. Stimulate and guide pupils in all phase of their reading so that they may find increasing
enjoyment and satisfaction and may grow in critical judgment and appreciation
4. Provide an opportunity through the library experiences for boys and girls to develop helpful
interest to make satisfactory personal adjustment and to acquire desirable social values
5. Help children and young people to become skillful and discriminating users of libraries and of
printed and audiovisual materials
6. Introduce pupils to community libraries as early as possible and cooperate with those libraries in
their effort to encourage continuing education and cultural growth
7. Work with teachers in the selection and use of all types of library materials which contribute to
the teaching program.
8. Participate with teachers and administrators in programs for continuing professional and
cultural growth of the school staff
9. Cooperate with community leaders in planning over-all library program for the community

Philosophies of School Library Service

Philippine setting
 The school library offers service to support school’s main objectives
 The school library offers instruction to library users
 The school library provides instructional materials for teachers and learners.
 The school library offers a reading center to the school community
 The school library promotes literary appreciation and recreational reading

• The school library provides opportunities for the development of love for books and reading.
• The school library is a laboratory for the application of values developed in the classroom

Personnel and their Task

A. Composition
- 1 librarian is to 500 if possible ( DECS; 1:1000)
- students assistants can be assigned to help the librarian
A librarian’s schedule of daily activities may be prepared which will indicate work assignment of
each member staff. This maybe classified into Fixed work assignment. This will also show official
time of the individual librarian

Qualities of a School Librarian

• The librarian should only be educationally qualifies but must also possess:
1. Qualities of a leader 10. love of books
2. Initiative 11. love for children and adult
3. Ability in management 12. have a wide variety of interest
4. Enthusiasm
5. Friendliness
6. Cooperative attitudes
7. Mental alertness
8. Creativity
9. Tact
 The School Librarian: Task
1. Organize materials for library use
a) Procurement of materials
b) Processing materials
c) Classifying materials
d) Cataloging of materials
e) Organizing non-book materials
2. Give instruction for library use
a) Orientation of new students and teachers
a. 1. location of the library
a.2. services offered
a.3. rules and regulations
b) arrangement and use of the library
b.1. classification of books
b.2 card catalog and its use
b.3. bibliography of books and non-book materials
b.4. use of reference books and other materials
b.5./ audio-visual if available.
3. Give reading materials
a. book-talks
b. bulletin and book displays
c. reading list
d. discussion groups
e. conference with teachers
f. conference with individual students
g. assistance in the selection of reading materials
h. maintain a reader interest file for students
i. maintain reading records for individuals
4. Prepare and make available a Library Handbook for Student’s Use
5. Conduct library tours on school and public libraries
6. Encourage observation on special events: Book fair and week
7. Consult with other school libraries

Maintenance of Equipment and Facilities

Library Quarters:
1. Must be designed for service to users. Accommodation should be at least 10% of the
population.
2. There must be provision for work area for storing many types of materials and for librray
services
Materials for Services
the library should provide with educational, informational, cultural, and recreational needs of
the users, materials to be acquired should be able to meet the above needs in order that teachers will
find fulfillment in their desire to learn and be well informed

Sourcing of Fund
• 5-10% school fund
• Donations (cash, in kind)
RA 8525 – known as Adopt A School Act of 1998, the government encourages private initiatives to
support public education.

DECS Order No. 6 s, 1998

Policies and Programs for school Library Development
1. The SL’s main function is to make instructional materials available and accessible to teachers
and learners.
2. The library is a service center, reading center, guidance center, material production center and
teaching-learning center
3. Each elementary and secondary must have a functional library
4. School Libraries should acquire basic print supplementary materials
5. Monitoring of school libraries should be done regularly by DECS

Objectives of the Philippine School Libraries

 To acquire, organize and provide library materials in line with the school curriculum based on
the present aims of Philippine education.
 To teach formally and informally the use of books and its resources
 To coordinate with the classroom teachers and supply their needs on instructional materials.
 To provide library users a reading area and other library facilities
 To provide a variety of reading materials on varied subjects and interests of children for the
different grade levels.
 Academic Library
Introduction
• Academic Libraries are found in public and private post-secondary institutions of higher learning
that is a college or university.
Public – State Colleges and Universities
Private – Owned by private individuals or corporations
• It is a library that serves, and is part of, a public institution devoted to learning and /research

Types of Academic Library

1. Community College Library – schools were high school graduate could enter and go to training prior to
entering in four-year course and may take vocational courses provided they finish first high school.
2. College – an institution that offers a four-year program with some limited masterate degree.
3. University – has wider program and offers not only masterate degree but doctoral degree

What is an Academic Library?

• It is library in an institution that provides education beyond the high school level. This level of
education is called post-level education or higher education.
• is a library that is attached to academic institutions above the secondary level, serving the
teaching and research needs of students and staff (wikipedia)

Mission
• Main Mission:
“is to support the instructional and research programs of the parent institution”
• Is to support the faculty, students, and staff of the college of university and in so doing help
achieve the mission of the parent institution within which the library is located.

General Function
To provide a service of reference and lending appropriate to the needs of the faculty, staff, and students
of the institution
Resources:
Content:
A. Print Resources
- books - Pamphlets
- Serials - Technical papers
- Government Documents - Clippings
- Other Print resources
B. Microform resources
- Microfilm
- Microfiche
-Microcard
C. Graphic Resources
- Three dimensional Graphic Representation: spherical globes and maps, dioramas, etc
- Tow Dimensional Graphic representation : paintings, drawings, charts, etc
D. Audiovisual
E. Computer resources
F. Telecommunication Links: LAN/WAN
G. Community Resources
General Objectives
• To serve the needs of the academic community
• To provide reference materials at appropriate levels
• To provide study areas for users
• To provide lending services appropriate to the different types of users
• To provide an active information service

Primary Roles
 Assisting in the delivery of curriculum through
a) the provision of information, knowledge and resources to suppport student learning
b) the provision of facilities and the right atmosphere to enable the students to use the library
for learning at their own pace, either individually or groups and at a time appropriate to them
c) The provision and delivery of information skills program
2. Providing facilities and materials to support lecture in delivering the curriculum
3. Providing information and materials to assist academic librarian managers to make informed
decisions
4. Providing facilities such as word processing, binding services to enable students to prepare their
works for submission
5. Contributing to the educational and cultural life of the local community by putting exhibits and
conferences
6. Providing an archives services
7. Providing career collection and services

Library Committee – (subject experts) and librarians ( literature specialist) should actively develop and
strengthen collection in support of the curricular offerings and information need of the academic
community.
Bibliographic Tools – needed for both current and retrospective materials such as standard catalogs,
subject bibliographies, periodical indexes, abstracts and some machine readable files
User education – is usually integrated in freshmen orientation courses. It is otherwise known as
Information Fluency
Financial resources – annual appropriations from parent institution: Library fee, fines, subsidies, etc.

Role of Academic Librarian

• As a teacher- reference specialist, information specialist and bibliographer
• As Learning Advisor and facilitator –for self directed learning but content is less curriculum and
discipline-oriented.
• As helper and Educational Counselor
– Advise faculty on available resources
– Provide resources on teaching units
– Assist in locating materials
– Compile bibliographies
– Develop in-service training
– Provide referral service
– Develop orientation program
– Participate in team teaching
– Coordinate with faculty book selection
– Assist in selecting library materials
– Provide training programs for faculty
 – Provide reading guidance

Linkages and Cooperation

• Can be done through:
– Interlibrary loan in the form of consortia,
– networking,
– inter lending,
– resource sharing,
– cooperative acquisition,
– shared or corporative cataloging

Evaluation of Academic Libraries

• Can be done through:
– Administration - Book collection
– Staff - Finance
– Library use - Reference services
– Building and equipment

Administration
In evaluating the administration of the library, consideration should be given to the following factors:
1. Evidence that the librarian and staff have a clear understanding of the objectives of the library
2. The existence of a definite statement of responsibility and authority of librarians in matters of
control
3. The efficiency of library’s administrative organization
4. Evidence that the major policies and procedures in technical processes and public services have
been clearly formulated and thoroughly understood by the staff responsible for carrying them
out
5. The efficiency of budget and accounting procedures
6. The existence of close and cordial relationship between the library, administration and faculty.

Book Collection
Some methods of evaluating book collection
1. Checking the book collection against the standard lists
2. Checking the reference collection against selected reference books such as those developed by
and major accrediting agencies
3. Faculty appraisal of the book collection through systematic study of bibliographic and standard
lists
4. Maintaining records to furnish a continuing description of borrowings by students and
instructors of each department
5. Study of students and faculty failure to secure books they need from the library collection
during a given period of time
Six bases of Departmentation of library collection:
1. Function 3. Geography
2. Activity or processes 4. Subject
3. Clientele 5. form of material
Evaluating Periodicals
A. Importance of periodicals in the library
1. Supply reading collateral to students’ courses
2. Provide general and recreational reading
3. Keep the faculty informed of developments in their field
4. Furnish research materials for the more mature students and faculty
B. For evaluative analysis of periodical collection, there are periodical guides similar to the classified list
of periodicals for college library which maybe used for checking purposes
C. The periodical collection must also be evaluated for completeness of back files for the purpose of
instruction and research
Accessibility of books and periodicals is also another measure of evaluating library service

Evaluating Staff
• Two important things: 1. the ability of the staff to do the work assigned; 2. the condition under
the staff works.
Factors to Consider:
1. Education and training
2. Appropriate experience
3. Personal qualities
4. Attitude toward work and service
5. Participation in the administrative committee work
6. Staff size in relation to amount and kind of services rendered and the number of hours the
library is open

Evaluating Finance
• The quantitative measurement for judging the adequacy of financial support of the library
including the following:
A. Total expenditure of the library in relation to:
1. total expenditure of the college for educational purposes
2. the service load of the library
3. the expenditure of other college library of similar size, type and function
B. The per capita expenditure for the library for specific purposes
C. The distribution of library expenditures for specific purposes such as books and services

Library Use
Circulation – the most important measure of the effectiveness of a library is extent to which it is used.
a. Judging the effectiveness of library service based on use or circulation statistics has its
limitations. However, circulation statistics may be used to establish norms for college library use
1. one such form is average per capita home circulation recorded over a period of time
2. a second norm is average per capita home circulation based on statistics of a number of
college libraries
2.a. a comparison of per capita circulation of two week books will permit the library
to locate its rank in student use.
2.b. a low rank may indicate:
- lack of essential books and journals
- restricted access to books
- textbook method of teaching
Evaluation of Reference service
A. A various methods of acquiring the effective reference service ranged from quantitative records
of different types of reference questions and of readers served to special studies of the
adequacy of reference collections and the amount of time to the varied operations of the
reference department
B. In spite of the limitations of statistical records for evaluating reference service, many college
libraries do keep regular of the questions asked at the reference desk

Building and Equipment

Consider the following:
1. Suitable site centrally located with reference to classroom building
2. Provision of for growing collection of books with possibility for future expansion
3. Sufficient space for study, reference and research and general reading purposes with provision
of future expansion
4. Proper arrangement, space and relationship among areas devoted to loan desk service.
5. Administrative and workroom space for the acquisition and preparation of books
6. Small conference rooms
7. Special facilities
8. Suitable lighting
9. Storage and exhibit facilities
10. Provision of audiovisual materials
11. Book lift and elevators
12. Air-conditioning
13. Automation
14. Other facilities

Public Library
Nature:
 One of the major type of library that serves every citizen at every stage of life.
 A library that is open to the public which is stocked to diverse materials representing all shades
of recorded views.
 they serve the leisure-reading needs of people from toddlers to senior citizens and the
information needs of patrons from first graders to scholars.
 It has been termed as the “People’s University” because people can pursue their own search for
knowledge in the library’s treasure house of literary works and scientific and technical
information
The Mission
• They have the broadest mission because they have to be all things to all people.

“To meet the needs of its particular community”

The Public library, the gateway to knowledge, provides a basic collection for lifelong learning,
independent decision making and cultural development of the individual and social groups (UNESCO
Public Library Manifesto
Objectives and Mission of Public Library (UNESCO)
Education : to foster and provide means for self-development of the individual/group at whatever stage
of education, closing the gap between the individual and the recorded knowledge
Information: To bring the individual/group accurate information quickly and in-depth on topics of
current concern
Culture: to be one of the principal center of cultural life and promote a keener participation, enjoyment
and appreciation
Leisure: to play a part in encouraging a positive use of leisure and providing materials for change and
relaxation.

Public Library System in the Philippines

• American Circulating Library – started Public Library in March 9, 1900
• it was started by Mr. Charles Greenleaf and Miss Nellie Young Egbert as the first librarian
• It was turned over to the Insular Government through Act No, 96 on March 6, 1901 and was
under the Board of Trustees.
• Through Act No. 222 passed on September 6, 1901, it became American Circulating Library
Division of the Bureau of education
• The first effort to establish a public library was made on June 21, 1904 with enactment of Act
No. 1175, an Act Authorizing the Establishment of a Circulating library in Albay
• Iloilo Provincial Library – considered as the first regular provincial library on October 29, 1916

Public Library System in the Philippines

• Public Libraries categorized:
1. Regional Library (ARMM)
2. Congressional District Library
3. Provincial libraries
4. City Libraries
5. Municipal libraries

UNESCO Public Library Manifesto:

“ The Library is a practical demonstration of democracy’s faith in universal education as a continuing and
lifelong process, in the appreciation of the achievement of humanity in knowledge and culture. It is the
principle means whereby the record of man’s thoughts and ideals, and the expression of his creative
imagination are made freely available to all”

Functions
 To assemble progressive and administer books and related educational materials in organized
collection in order to promote through guidance and stimulation an enlightened citizenship and
enriched personalities.
 To serve the community as general center of reliable information
 To provide opportunity and encouragement for children, young people, men and women
themselves continuously.

General Objectives
• Contribute to quality of life
• To promote the concept of democratic society
• To add to the sum total of man’s happiness and awareness of himself, others and his
environment.
Specific objectives
• To foster and provide means for the development of the individuals to all level of educational
ability
• To give user quick access to information over the whole range of human knowledge
• To be a chief center for cultural life and to actively promote participation and appreciation of all
the arts
• To play a positive parts in encouraging an active use of leisure and creational reading.

Special Library
Nature:
 It includes corporate, medical, law, religious, governmental, prison, not-for-profit organizational
libraries, and many other highly specialized collections.
 The term special library is a catch-all term to refer to any library that is not a public, school or
academic library
 A common thread, though, is that collections and services are very narrowly focused to support
the activities of the library’s parent organization.
 A library oriented to a single subject serving a limited defined users

Characteristics
1. Their collections include materials that relate to specialized subject areas
2. These libraries gather their collections and design their services to directly support and further
the objectives of a parent organization, rather than to support a curriculum as school and
academic libraries do,
3. These libraries are primarily concerned with actively seeking our and providing information that
the parent organization’s clients or patrons need rather than just acquiring and preserving
information in a collection

History
• July 2, 1909
• “Putting Knowledge into Work” by John A. Lapp
• Rufo Buenviaje - Father of Special Librarianship in the Philippines
Why was there a growth?
1. Information explosion
2. Advances in IT and computers
3. Information Society
Flourishing of Special Libraries and Information Centers – reflection of their success in responding to the
recent trends and needs of their parent institution for efficient and effective handling and management

Associations:
• Special Library Association
• Medical and Health Librarians Association of the Philippines
• Association of Special Libraries of the Philippines
• Agricultural Librarians Association of the Philippines
Main Function:
“TO PROVIDE INFORMATION AN SUPPORT ON THE OBJECTIVES OF ITS PARENT ORGANIZATION”
1. Acquisition
- Published information
- Internal information
- Outside resources
2. Organization
3. Dissemination

General Objectives
• To produce and distribute bulletins containing information relevant to the organization
• To circulate original materials to the users according to their subject of interest
• To provide a balance collection (print and non-print) but comprehensive in the main interest of
the organization
• To provide a staff to conduct literature searches on behalf of the research teams.

Types of Special Libraries

• Research
• Corporate/Industrial
• Government
• Institutional
Distinguishing Characteristics:
1. Information function
2. Location
3. Client
4. Subject/scope
5. Size (smallness)
6. Variety of functions of the librarian
7. Salaries offered/compensation

What does Special Libraries Do?

• Library’s place depends on the size of the organization
• Logical position- one which ensures visibility of service and facilities direct communication with
its clients
• The decision of where to put the library in an organization is based on:
- service sphere
- immediate and future plans
- communication patterns
- reporting relationship

Library Personnel
• Professional clerical staff
• In hiring proffesional staff consider the ff:
– Education
– Personal qualification
– Professional specialties
Good information service begins with professional librarian’s planning and supervising clerical and
support work to be able to achieve the library’s extensive goals.
Special Equipment
• Participation in the planning process: librarian, architect and or space planner and designer
• Things to take into account:
– Location
– Area of use
– Area requirement
– Environment
– Lighting
– Software
– Equipment

Budget and Finance

• Library’s primary planning and control device
• The librarian prepares the annual budget and usually exercises full control over its
allocation/implementation
• The budget process structure and planning will depend upon the type of the
organization/institution employs
Variations in Budget Prepartion:
1. Lamp sum budget
2. Open-end budget
3. line-item budget

Evaluation and Measurement

• Needed to monitor how far the library has gone in fulfilling its objectives, thus evaluation should
be related to objectives:
Methods:
1. User survey
2. Statistics
3. Objectives
4. Annual reports
5. Valuing library services