DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT

SEPTEMBER/2022

OUMH 1203

ENGLISH FOR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

MATRICULATION NO : 000417070136001
IDENTITY CARD NO. : 000417070136
TELEPHONE NO. : 0132601471
E-MAIL : nrirdin4@oum.edu.my
LEARNING CENTRE : SEBERANG JAYA, PULAU PINANG
INSTRUCTIONS
▪ Do not copy the assignment question and instructions to your answer.
▪ Prepare your assignment answer following the layout of the ASSESSMENT
CRITERIA shown in the RUBRICS provided for the course. Where RUBRICS
are not provided, follow the instructions/guidelines specified by the Open
University Malaysia (OUM) for the assignment concerned.
▪ Your assignment should be written according to the number of words
outlined in the assignment instruction EXCLUDING references.
▪ Type your answer using 12 point Times New Roman font and 1.5 line
spacing.
▪ Show the number of words at the end of your assignment.
▪ Tables and figures where provided, should be appropriately titled.
▪ List your references separately in the APPENDIX page.
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TABLE OF CONTENT

NO. CONTENT PAGE

1. ESSAY OUTLINE

2. ESSAY

3. ONLINE CLASS PARTICIPATION

4. REFERENCES
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TASK 1 - ESSAY OUTLINE

SAMPLE OUTLINE FORMAT

Introduction
- traffic congestion has become a widespread global phenomenon
- the problem of traffic congestion is one of the ongoing problems for the
sustainability of transportation development in metropolitan cities
around the world

Body
I. Point 1
A. Supporting Detail
- encourage people to move from the city center to the suburbs or
countryside
- wasted fuel increases air pollution and carbon dioxide emissions resulting
in increased temperatures

i. Example
a) Sub-example (if any)
- opening a branch in a metropolitan suburb can also attract modern
consumers to move to this area

II. Point 2
A. Supporting Detail
- improve the quality and increase public transport

i. Example
a) Sub-example (if any)
- public vehicles such as buses, trains, light rail and monorail
- LRT and MRT certainly speeds up and shortens the time to the destination
- save the cost of daily expenses because the price of petrol is increasing
every year and the cost of parking fees

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III. Point 3
A. Supporting Detail
- sharing a car with friends and neighbors

i. Example
a) Sub-example (if any)
- to work or a specific destination can reduce the increase in car use on the
road
- reduce the emission of harmful gases and the greenhouse effect.

IV. Point 4
A. Supporting Detail
- adding new highway networks and upgrading existing highways by
building more transport networks

i. Example
a) Sub-example (if any)
- the cost of owning or renting real estate in urban areas is high
- shortcut to get to a destination quickly without going through traffic jams

V. Point 5
A. Supporting Detail
- the traffic police need to control traffic, especially during times of
congestion

i. Example
a) Sub-example (if any)
- the state of the straight, large and long road structure is now dangerous
because drivers tend to accelerate and turn without giving a signal
- due to road accidents can also be handled quickly and effectively

VI. Point 6

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A. Supporting Detail
- prohibit heavy vehicles from entering the main road during certain
periods from 6.30 am to 9.30 am and 4.30 pm to 7.30 pm

i. Example
a) Sub-example (if any)
- people go out at this time on business to the office, sending children to
school and so on
- the vehicle will disrupt the movement of traffic because its large size will
block other vehicles in the event of an accident

Conclusion
- the government and the authorities should pay attention and join hands
by enforcing road laws so that the problem of traffic congestion can be
curbed.
- the mainstream media needs to be aware by publishing articles and car
sharing campaigns every time in their media whether print media or
electronic media
- selfish attitude of the community must be eroded and ready to accept
changes for the common good because consensus brings blessings.

TASK 2 - ESSAY

In recent years, traffic congestion has become a widespread global phenomenon

due to increasing population density, the growth of motor vehicles, government
infrastructure, and the proliferation of ride-sharing and food delivery services.
The problem of traffic congestion is one of the ongoing problems for the
sustainability of transportation development in metropolitan cities around the
world. As a result of the growth of the number of vehicles on the road like
mushrooms growing after rain, traffic jams often occur. In particular, on busy
weekdays when many people are leaving and returning from work or after a big
event because there are more cars on the road than usual causing delays,

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inconvenience and economic losses to drivers, as well as air pollution. This is
because everyone wants to move at the same time every day and even the school
system and the economy expect people to go to school and work at the same
time.

Cities in Malaysia are currently experiencing a rapid development process that

involves various economic activities, the movement of goods and people as well
as an increasingly complex road transport network. For the other half of the area,
there are industrial areas located in residential areas while business areas are
located in city centers. This causes an increase in the number of vehicles for
individual transport which indirectly causes the problem of road congestion, the
risk of traffic hazards and increased air pollution in the city. Therefore, various
measures should be taken to deal with this problem to solve the issue of traffic
congestion in Malaysia.

Traffic congestion is a major issue that occurs mostly in all metropolitan cities.
Some people argue that the best solution to the city's traffic and pollution
problems is to encourage people to move from the city center to the suburbs or
countryside. This is because congestion in urban or metropolitan centers causes
various disadvantages such as congestion at traffic lights, accidents, work zones,
weather-related or special events. It is also a major cause of fuel wastage and air
pollution in city center areas. Wasted fuel increases air pollution and carbon
dioxide emissions resulting in increased temperatures. Science has proven that
vehicles release greenhouse gases (GHG) into the atmosphere resulting in global
warming. Worryingly, when the engine is running for a vehicle that is not moving
it produces double the amount of GHG. The heat produced by a running engine
accompanied by the smell of burning fuel is dangerous to human health,
especially to small children and the elderly. Therefore, by reducing the use of oil
or fossil fuels, we can reduce global warming, improve air quality, and protect
public health, especially young people.

This migration to peri-metropolitan areas is driven by several factors such as the

conditions found in the city center due to high population density, the price and

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rent of houses in the city center are expensive and government policies that seek
to decentralize development to the suburbs by locating part of the city's
functions highway to the countryside. This is because, in rural areas, the price
and monthly rental value of business and residential premises is much lower
compared to the price and rental value in the city center. Therefore, the
government needs to develop and shift attention away from the city center to the
suburbs for the purpose of building new residential houses to be used as low-
cost housing areas. In fact, opening a branch in a metropolitan suburb can also
attract modern consumers to move to this area, especially among young
executives. For example, large and medium scale retail investors with multi-unit
organizations such as Giant, Lotus, and Tesco. Metropolitan development and
rural urbanization of these peripheral areas can change the employment
patterns of residents and their settlements. A more effective strategy is needed,
especially in terms of jobs, places of residence, community facilities and land use,
to deal with the increasingly serious issue of people moving out of the city
center.

In facing the tide of globalization at this time, the public transport system is one
of the most effective ways to reduce traffic congestion in urban areas that are
increasingly advanced and actively improved by the government. In relation to
that, actions that can be taken to overcome the problem of traffic congestion are
to improve the quality and increase public transport to reduce the number of
vehicles on the road. Public transport is one of the facilities enjoyed by the urban
community to connect them from one destination to another. Public vehicles
such as buses, trains, light rail and monorail should be the choice of people in
urban areas as a method of transportation and are an alternative measure to
reduce the problem of congestion and reduce the number of private cars on the
road. This is because the use of LRT and MRT certainly speeds up and shortens
the time to the destination. The government should first study bus or train
routes that have high potential and receive a high number of passengers before
providing such public services. Whereas, with reasonable fares and a conducive
atmosphere provided by public transport, it is certain that people will use public
transport more often than driving private vehicles. It can also save the cost of

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daily expenses because the price of petrol is increasing every year and also the
cost of parking fees must be borne if using a private vehicle to work. The
population density factor in an area will affect the transport patterns they prefer
and if public transport is of the best quality and effective, it can definitely
contribute to the reduction of road congestion especially in urban areas. He
explained that the government plays an important role in providing various
facilities and road construction in dealing with this problem.

Next, sharing a car with friends and neighbors to get to work or a specific
destination can reduce the increase in car use on the road. This is because the
increase in the number of vehicles on the road will have a negative impact on the
growth of a city. Problems such as pollution, obesity, exclusion and congestion
will harm a city from social, economic and environmental aspects. In fact, air
pollution is caused by the release of dangerous carbon monoxide gas from
vehicle exhaust. By practicing the concept of 'car pool' or sharing a car in daily
life will reduce the emission of harmful gasses and the greenhouse effect. The use
of private vehicles is also reduced on the road if initiatives are taken to preserve
the environment by practicing the concept of 'car pool' or car sharing. Gasoline is
increasingly expensive, so this can help save money when traveling to a
destination. Therefore, the implementation of the idea of car sharing as a
measure to reduce traffic congestion can educate the community to share cars to
the office should be given priority starting from school, especially among car
users who are very dependent and often use cars for making trips.

In addition, road congestion can also be overcome by adding new highway

networks and upgrading existing highways by building more transport
networks, especially in major cities such as Kuala Lumpur, Johor Bahru and
widening narrow roads. If traced, the community usually works in urban areas
but resides in suburban areas or other districts close to it. This is because the
cost of owning or renting real estate in urban areas is high and causes most of
the community to prefer spending time on the road rather than living in areas
close to their respective workplaces. Therefore, with the increase in the number
of vehicles every day, it is necessary to increase the size of the road to

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accommodate the additional vehicles that enter the road. This situation not only
contributes to the number of road users but also adds to the existing road
congestion. Thus, the construction of a network of highways or elevated
highways between cities and to suburban areas can definitely reduce road
congestion. Highways have good features such as a large number of routes and as
a shortcut to get to a destination quickly without going through traffic jams. For
example, the Federal Highway that connects the suburban area in Klang,
Selangor with the urban area that is the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. As
the saying goes, where there is sugar, there are ants. Where there is a source of
sustenance, then that is where many people will gather looking for opportunities
and space.

In addition, the traffic police need to control traffic, especially during times of
congestion. The traffic police need to be on duty on routes that are always
experiencing congestion problems, especially when returning from work from
the office. This is because the state of the straight, large and long road structure
is now dangerous because drivers tend to accelerate and turn without giving a
signal. With traffic control by the traffic department, problems such as failure of
traffic lights are no longer the cause of traffic congestion. Not only that, road
congestion due to road accidents can also be handled quickly and effectively
because the traffic police are already on duty on certain roads. The traffic police
can also help ensure the smoothness of road users and further prevent the
occurrence of traffic jams during peak hours. If the authorities only rely one
hundred percent on the manual system and expect traffic lights to control the
flow of vehicles at all times, it is certain that road congestion will not be solved.
He stressed that the traffic police bear a heavy responsibility in reducing the
problem of congestion on the road.

The authorities should also prohibit heavy vehicles from entering the main road
during certain periods from 6.30 am to 9.30 am and 4.30 pm to 7.30 pm. Heavy
vehicles are only allowed to use the main route at certain times to ensure smooth
traffic during peak hours such as morning and night. This is because most people
go out at this time on business to the office, sending children to school and so on.

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In this regard, the traffic police should always patrol the main route so that there
are no heavy vehicles on the usually congested road. If a heavy vehicle has
broken down in the middle of the road, the vehicle will disrupt the movement of
traffic because its large size will block other vehicles. At the same time, the
enforcement of heavy vehicles on the road during peak hours needs to be carried
out continuously and not just chicken poop so that this strictness will teach a
lesson not only to the drivers but also to the operators of the heavy vehicles
concerned. If the enforcement is only carried out seasonally, it is certain that the
main objective of not allowing vehicles to be on the road during peak hours will
fail and road congestion will always occur. It is already bright, the authorities
need to prohibit heavy vehicles from entering the main route especially during
peak hours to avoid congestion on the road.

In conclusion, congestion on the road causes a lot of loss to the community in

terms of time, energy and money. In fact, the number of road users facing stress
problems is increasing and this has an impact on the comfort of their lives.
Therefore, the government and the authorities should pay attention and join
hands by enforcing road laws so that the problem of traffic congestion can be
curbed. The government also needs to be an important component in dealing
with this problem, for example by strengthening the road act to ensure that
people who use the road comply with the rules that have been set, if they still do
not comply with the rules that have been set, appropriate action needs to be
taken so that they are aware of the wrongdoing. done. The mainstream media
needs to be aware by publishing articles and car sharing campaigns every time in
their media whether print media or electronic media. For the community, the
selfish attitude of the community must be eroded and ready to accept changes
for the common good because consensus brings blessings. So, all parties need to
take the initiative to reduce traffic congestion on the roads and not just hug and
watch the government's efforts without giving any cooperation because in fact
we should be like aur with a cliff not like a brook in the bush releasing its own
shoots.

PART II: ONLINE CLASS PARTICIPATION

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REFERENCES

Aleksandra Koźlak,Dagmara Wach. (2018). Causes of traffic congestion in urban

areas. Case of Poland. SHS Web of Conferences 57. Retrieved from
https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2018/18/shsconf_infog
lob2018_01019.pdf
Ipendidikan. (2020). Langkah Cara Mengatasi Kesesakan Jalan Raya. Retrieved
from https://www.ipendidikan.my/langkah-mengatasi-kesesakan-jalan-
raya.html#:~:text=Kaedah%20lain%20yang%20boleh%20dilakukan,daripada
%20kemalangan%20pengguna%20jalan%20raya
Jobstore Team. (2019). 5 Sebab Anda Perlu Menggunakan Pengangkutan Awam.
Retrieved from https://www.jobstore.com/careers-blog/2019/08/28/5-sebab-
anda-perlu-menggunakan-pengangkutan-awam/
OhKarangan. (2019). Cara-cara untuk mengurangkan kesesakan jalan raya.
Retrieved from https://ohkarangan.blogspot.com/2018/11/cara-cara-untuk-
mengurangkan-kesesakan.html
Tanzina Afrin. (2020). A Survey of Road Traffic Congestion Measures towards a
Sustainable and Resilient Transportation System. Retrieved from
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/11/4660

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