AQA Biology Unit 4.

5: Homeostasis and Response - Higher 1

a d g i
What is homeostasis? What is the function of the nerve cell? Label the diagram below with the following Explain how the endocrine system produces a
  key parts of a reflex arc: receptor, spinal cord, response to a stimulus.
  motor neurone, sensory neurone, relay neurone, 
 synapse, effector. 
 Label the nerve cell diagram with the nucleus, 
cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath and 
b synapse. 
Name three things that are controlled by 
homeostasis.
1.  Compare these hormonal effects with the
2.  response of the nervous system.
3.  

Choose the correct word and fill in the blanks: 

Homeostasis is a voluntary/involuntary Explain how the nerve cell is adapted to its j

control system that involves or Label the main endocrine glands shown in
function. Explain how the reflex arc works.
responses. the diagram below.
 
 
All control systems include receptors, effectors  
and coordination centres. Describe what the  
role of each is, and state the parts of the body  
that carry out the role.  
Receptors:  
  
  
Coordination centres: 
e
 Put the following terms into a flow diagram
 to summarise how the nervous system works.
Effectors:
effector, stimulus, response, CNS, receptor h
 Which hormone is produced by the adrenal
k
 gland? Where is the hormone thyroxine produced?
 
c
What is the role of the nervous system?
 f When is it produced? What is its role in the body?
Why are reflexes important?  

 
 What are its effects?
What does CNS stand for?
  How is the level of thyroxine controlled?

  
  
Which two organs make up the CNS?
  


visit twinkl.com
AQA Biology Unit 4.5: Homeostasis and Response - Higher 2

a f g
Complete the boxes to show how blood glucose levels are controlled. Explain how each method of contraception works.
Oestrogen
Progesterone

  Oral contraceptives: 
released released
  
  Injection, implant or skin patch of progesterone:
  
 Blood glucose Blood glucose  
 too high. too low.  Barrier methods, such as condoms and
  diaphragms: 
Normal level of blood glucose.

blood glucose blood glucose
falls rises Label the two remaining lines on the graph Intrauterine devices: 
with the names of the hormones they represent. 
Control of blood sugar is an example of a loop. What does this mean?
 Spermicidal agents: 

 

Abstinence: 
Use the diagram to explain the stages of the
b d 
What causes type 1 diabetes? What is the role of each of the following menstrual cycle, make links to the hormone
Surgical methods: 
 hormones in the menstrual cycle? interactions that happen at each stage.

 
 Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH):  h
  Some women are infertile because they do not
When does type 1 diabetes usually start? ovulate. Explain how artificial hormones can be

 Luteinising hormone (LH): used to treat infertility.
 

 
How is type 1 diabetes treated?
 
 Oestrogen:
 

 
c 
What is the main reproductive hormone in Progesterone:
Describe the process of in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
the female?  

 

e
 
What is ovulation? What causes type 2 diabetes?  
   
  
What is the main reproductive hormone in 
the male? What are the risk factors for type 2 diabetes? Give three disadvantages of IVF.

  


 
What does this hormone do? How is type 2 diabetes treated?
  

  

visit twinkl.com
AQA Biology Unit 4.5: Homeostasis and Response - Higher Answers
a d
What is homeostasis? What is the function of the nerve cell?
The regulation of the internal conditions To carry electrical impulses rapidly around
of a cell or organism to maintain optimum the body.
conditions for function, in response to internal
and external changes. Label the nerve cell diagram with the nucleus,
cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath and
b synapse.
Name three things that are controlled by myelin sheath
homeostasis.
1. blood glucose concentration
dendrites
2. body temperature
3. water levels
axon
Choose the correct word and fill in the blanks: nucleus
cell body
Homeostasis is a voluntary/involuntary control Explain how the nerve cell is adapted to its
system that involves nervous or chemical
function.
responses.
• It has lots of dendrites so that it can make
lots of connections to other nerve cells.
All control systems include receptors, effectors • The axon is very long to carry the nerve
and coordination centres. Describe what the impulse a long way.
role of each is, and state the parts of the body • The axon is insulated so the impulses travel
that carry out the role. rapidly.
• The synapses have lots of mitochondria
Receptors:
to transfer the energy needed to make
detect stimuli - specialised cells.
transmitter chemicals.
Coordination centres:
receive and process information - brain, spinal Put the following terms into a flow diagram
cord and pancreas. to summarise how the nervous system works.
Effectors:
bring about responses to restore optimum effector, stimulus, response, CNS, receptor
levels - muscles or glands.
stimulus receptor CNS effector
c
What is the role of the nervous system?
To enable us to react to our surroundings and
Why are reflexes important?
coordinate our behavior.
They happen automatically and rapidly so
they help you to avoid harm.
What does CNS stand for?
central nervous system
They take care of your body systems, like
breathing and circulating blood, so you don’t
Which two organs make up the CNS?
have to think about them all the time.
brain and spinal cord
1
g i
Label the diagram below with the following Explain how the endocrine system produces a
key parts of a reflex arc: receptor, spinal cord, response to a stimulus.
motor neurone, sensory neurone, relay neurone, The endocrine system produces a chemical
synapse, effector. response to a stimulus. The glands of the
endocrine system secrete hormones into the
sensory neurone spinal cord blood stream.
receptor The blood carries hormones to target organs
which have receptors to pick up the hormone,
this causes them to respond.
synapse Compare these hormonal effects with the
synapses
response of the nervous system.
effector Hormonal effects are slower than the nervous
relay neurone
motor neurone
system but last for longer.
j
Label the main endocrine glands shown in
Explain how the reflex arc works.
the diagram below.
• The receptor is stimulated.
• An electrical impulse travels along the
sensory neurone to the CNS. pituitary gland
• At the synapse, a chemical is released. It thyroid gland
diffuses across the synapse and triggers an
electrical impulse in the relay neurone. adrenal gland
• When the impulse reaches the next synapse,
a chemical is released which travels across pancreas
the synapse and triggers an electrical ovary
impulse in the motor neurone. (female)
e • The impulse reaches the effector which is
testis
stimulated to respond. (male)
h
Which hormone is produced by the adrenal
k
gland? Where is the hormone thyroxine produced?
response adrenaline thyroid gland
f When is it produced? What is its role in the body?
If you are scared or stressed. It controls the basal metabolic rate.
It is important in growth and development.
What are its effects?
• Increases the heart rate. How is the level of thyroxine controlled?
• Increases the breathing rate. A negative feedback loop involving the
• Prepares your body for flight or fight. pituitary gland and the hormone TSH/
thyroxine stimulating hormone.
visit twinkl.com
AQA Biology Unit 4.5: Homeostasis and Response - Higher Answers 2

a f g
Complete the boxes to show how blood glucose levels are controlled. LH
FSH
Explain how each method of contraception works.
Oestrogen
Progesterone
Oral contraceptives: these contain hormones that
Glucose is taken insulin glucagon Liver breaks down inhibit FSH production so that no eggs mature.
released released
in by cells. stored glycogen
pancreas Injection, implant or skin patch of progesterone:
into glucose and
inhibits the maturation and release for a number
Glucose is adds it to the of months or years.
converted to Blood glucose Blood glucose blood.
glycogen in the too high. too low. Amino acids and Barrier methods, such as condoms and
liver and muscles. fats are broken diaphragms: these prevent the sperm reaching
Normal level of blood glucose. an egg.
down.
blood glucose blood glucose
Label the two remaining lines on the graph Intrauterine devices: prevents the implantation of
falls rises
with the names of the hormones they represent. the embryo or release a hormone.
Control of blood sugar is an example of a negative feedback loop. What does this mean?
(LH is the line with the sharp peak, FSH is the Spermicidal agents: these kill or disable sperm.
Negative feedback maintains a steady state by ensuring that any changes in the system are
other unlabelled line)
reversed and returned back to the normal level. Abstinence: avoiding intercourse when an egg
might be in the oviduct.
Use the diagram to explain the stages of the
b d
What causes type 1 diabetes? What is the role of each of the following menstrual cycle, make links to the hormone Surgical methods: sterilising the male or female
The pancreas does not make enough insulin, so hormones in the menstrual cycle? interactions that happen at each stage. by cutting, or tying, tubes to prevent the egg or
blood glucose isn’t controlled and it gets very Day 1-4: The uterine lining breaks down sperm reaching their target area.
high after eating a meal. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): causing a period, oestrogen and progesterone
h
causes maturation of an egg in the ovary. levels are at their lowest. Some women are infertile because they do not
When does type 1 diabetes usually start? ovulate. Explain how artificial hormones can be
In children and teenagers. Luteinising hormone (LH): Day 4-14: Oestrogen increases and the uterine used to treat infertility.
stimulates the release of an egg. lining rebuilds. FSH increases and an egg in Artificial FSH is given to stimulate the
How is type 1 diabetes treated? maturation of eggs and the production of
the ovary starts to mature, it also stimulates
With insulin injections. Oestrogen: oestrogen. Then artificial LH is given to trigger
the ovaries to produce oestrogen. High levels of
ovulation. The woman can then (possibly)
maintains the uterus lining. oestrogen at the end of this period inhibit the
become pregnant in the normal way.
c
production of FSH and stimulate the release
What is the main reproductive hormone in Progesterone: of LH. Describe the process of in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
the female? maintains the uterus lining. • The mother is given artificial FSH and LH to
oestrogen Day 14: A peak in LH causes ovulation. stimulate the maturation of several eggs.
e • The eggs are collected and fertilised by the
What is ovulation? What causes type 2 diabetes? Day 14-28: Progesterone and oestrogen father’s sperm in the laboratory.
When a mature egg is released from an ovary. The cells in the body no longer respond to the increases to maintain the uterine lining in • The fertilised eggs develop into embryos.
insulin that is produced by the pancreas. preparation for fertilisation. Progesterone • One or two embryos are inserted into the
What is the main reproductive hormone in inhibits LH and FSH. mother’s uterus while they are still tiny balls
the male? What are the risk factors for type 2 diabetes? of cells.
testosterone Obesity and lack of exercise. Day 28: The cycle restarts unless pregnancy
has occurred. Give three disadvantages of IVF.
What does this hormone do? How is type 2 diabetes treated? 1. It is emotionally and physically stressful.
Stimulates sperm production. A carbohydrate controlled diet and an exercise 2. The success rates are not high.
routine. 3. It can lead to multiple births which are a
risk to both the babies and the mother.

visit twinkl.com