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Economics
Q3 2020
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UK Economy and Property Market Chart Book rics.org/economics
Contents
RICS Survey Release Dates
Frequency Survey Period Release date
covering
Economic outlook................................................................................4 Monthly RICS Hong Kong Residential Market Survey July 19-Aug-20
Commercial Property Sector.............................................................9-10 Monthly RICS Hong Kong Residential Market Survey August 22-Sep-20
Construction Sector.........................................................................11-12 Monthly RICS Portuguese Housing Market Survey August 25-Sep-20
2019 2020 2021 Quarterly RICS UK Construction Monitor Survey Q3 2020 07-Nov-20
Economic Outlook
On the face of it, the UK is now in (OBR), reflecting some of the The OBR however has highlighted suggest that the recovery may
the recovery phase from what can challenges in producing forecasts significant challenges around run out of steam further out with
only be put down as pretty much right now, has constructed compounding long term pressures unemployment looking likely to rise
the worst quarter for GDP since three scenarios with different on public finances from an aging towards the end of year and the
records began. Looking closely at assumptions about the timeline for population and a rise in health and stamp duty holiday coming to an
the latest labour market indicators finding a vaccine, the pace of the social care spending. This suggests end.
however, it seems like challenging recovery and the degree of long- that some adjustments in fiscal policy
times still lie ahead. Flash estimates term scarring. Significantly, double in the form of higher taxes is likely to Feedback to the RICS UK Q2
by HMRC for example suggest that digit declines in GDP for this year be warranted further out. Commercial Property Survey
employment through PAYE has are envisaged in all three scenarios, suggests rents and capital values
already slipped by almost 750,000 with estimates pointing to a drop However low interest rates could are likely to fall sharply across retail
in the last five months. What’s more, of between 10.6% and 14.3%. A help to keep debt servicing costs and office sectors in the coming
experimental statistics by the ONS partial recovery is envisaged in manageable year. Furthermore, the results
suggest that unemployment related 2021 however the OBR judges that indicate there could be significant
One thing that could relieve some of changes for the office sector moving
universal credit claims have risen by output will not be back to where is the pressure on government finances
1.4 million since March. It is almost was before the crisis hit until 2022. forward, with 93% of respondents
is that ultra-low interest rates and the to the Q2 survey anticipating
inevitable that these numbers will One thing to take away from the quantitative easing program can be
increase in the coming months OBR’s analysis is that the fiscal businesses scaling back their office
used to help finance public borrowing footprint to some extent over the
as the government’s job retention costs of this shock are enormous. at least for the foreseeable future.
scheme is withdrawn. Predictably next two years.
Government debt levels look set The Bank of England key policy rate
enough, the unemployment rate is at record low of 0.1%. Financial Infrastructure work could support
looks set to climb. It wouldn’t come to rise substantially
market expectations are consistent activity in the construction sector
as a total surprise if the jobless rate The OBR’s central scenario is with interest rates remaining close
rises from 3.9% currently to above that borrowing will reach 16.4% to zero in the coming years. Our Following a broad-based decline
the 8% mark in the last quarter of of GDP (the highest in peacetime projections are broadly similar. The in output in the second quarter of
2020. history), taking government debt topic of negative interest rates is the year, the results to the RICS
from 89% of GDP in 2019-2020 being widely discussed but the Bank, Q2 Construction and Infrastructure
GDP is set to fall sharply this year Monitor suggest that infrastructure
to around 104% this year. Debt at least for now, does seem reluctant
Data compiled by Jefferies points to is set to remain above 100% of to go down this road. workloads could help to support
an initial revival in public transport GDP for the next five years. In the sector recovery over the next
usage, flight activity and UK visits to downside scenario (which assumes Housing sales are likely to recover twelve months. This seems a
accommodation sites over the past that a vaccine in not found and in the coming months response to the government’s
few weeks. Most forecasters are output recovers a much slower recent announcements regarding
Activity in the housing market has infrastructure spending. Reforms
anticipating a fairly significant pick- pace than in the central scenario) recovered somewhat with the latest
up in activity in the coming quarters. borrowing and debt levels could to the planning system, new
HMRC data pointing to up-tick in residential permitted development
According to Oxford Economics, end up being a lot higher. Indeed, the number of sales completed in
quarter-on-quarter GDP could rise preventing a huge and permanent rights, a stamp duty holiday and an
June. Indicators to the latest RICS extension to help to buy should all
by more than 14% in Q3 and by decline to output will be on top of Residential Market Survey are
6.5% in Q4. In spite of this recovery, the government’s agenda for now, help to support activity in the private
consistent with a further pick-up in housing sector notwithstanding the
we still envisage the economy to be suggesting that a further loosening activity in the second half of this year.
down by around 9% this year. in fiscal policy is likely in the near Whether this trend will be sustained macro uncertainty.
term. is however open to question. Average
The Office for Budget Responsibility
twelve-month sales expectations
UK Economy
Following a sharp contraction in Q2, output is expected to recover 1. A double digit decline in GDP is likely this year
somewhat in Q3 and Q4 on the back of a relaxation in government
restrictions and a modest revival in consumer and business activity. In UK GDP
spite of this, forecasts are pointing to a substantial decline in GDP for 12
Annual % change
the whole of 2020 (Chart 1). Our judgement is that, on an annual basis, 10
Oxford Economics Forecast
output could slip by around 9% this year. 8
Bank of England Forecast
6 HM Consensus Forecasts
There is a risk that persistent uncertainty around the continuing health 4 OBR Forecast
risks from Covid-19 could hold back a recovery in consumer spending in 2
the coming months. A recent ONS survey (released on 7th August) 0
around the social impacts of Covid-19 suggested that more than 50% of -2
participants would feel uncomfortable attending an indoor concert or -4
going to an indoor gym while 43% would feel uncomfortable about -6
eating indoors at a restaurant (Chart 2).
-8
demand (Chart 3). Meanwhile, non-store retailing has risen sharply in -14
2019 2020 2021
Q2, and is likely to remain strong in the coming months. Source: OBR, Oxford Economics, BOE, HM Treasury
2. Consumers remain cautious 3. Retail sales rose in June as a result of pent-up demand
How comfortable or uncomfortable would you be about going to an Retail Sales
indoor concert/ restaturant/gym
25
Monthly % change
20
NA/don’t know/prefer not to say
15
10
Uncomfortable 5
-5
Neither comfortable nor uncomfortable
-10
-15
Online Sales
Comfortable Total Retail Sales
-20
-25
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Jan-2020 Feb-2020 Mar-2020 Apr-2020 May-2020 Jun-2020
Indoor Gym Indoor Concert Indoor Restaurant Source: ONS Source: ONS
UK Economy
In spite of the support from the government through the Coronavirus Job 4. The number of employees has slipped sharply since March
Retention Scheme and the Self-Employment Income Support Scheme,
employment appears to have fallen since the Covid-19 outbreak. Flash Number of paid employees
estimates by HMRC suggest that employment through PAYE has slipped by 29.2
Million
almost 750,000 since March (Chart 4). It is likely that this number will rise in
the coming months as support schemes wind down. 29
Chart 5, forecasts by Oxford Economics indicate that the jobless rate could
rise to 6.5% at the end of year (from 3.9% currently). Meanwhile, projections 28.6
In addition, business investment looks likely to remain weak in the near 28.2
5. The unemployment rate looks set to rise sharply 6. Investment intentions remain subdued
UK Unemployment Rate Agents Summary of business condtion survey- Investment Intentions
7 2
% Oxford Economics Forecast Agents Scores
6 0
-1
5 -2
-3
4 -4
-5
3 -6
Q1 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 2020 Q4 2020 Q1 2021 Q2 2021 Q3 2021 Q4 2021 Q1 2018 Q3 2018 Q1 2019 Q3 2019 Q1 2020 Q3 2020
Source: ONS, Oxford Economics Soure: Bank of England
Housing Market
It is likely that government’s policy interventions will provide some support 7. Interest rate on mortgages have slipped slightly
to housing market activity in the coming months. For one, as the Bank of
England cut its policy rate to 0.1% (the lowest in history), average interest Interest Rates
rate on mortgages have also slipped, now standing close to 2% (Chart 7). 8
%
This, combined with other policy measures such as the stamp duty holiday 7
and the extension of help to buy could lead to a rise in housing transactions
in the near term. 6
expectations are entrenched in negative territory with concerns around Bank Rate
higher unemployment levels towards the end of year once furlough schemes 1
are phased out weighing heavily on the sales market outlook (Chart 9). 0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Source: Bank of England
8. Mortgage approvals look likely to rise in the near term 9. The pick-up in activity is unlikely to be sustained further ahead
RICS New Buyer Enquiries (NBE) and Bank of England Mortgage Approvals RICS Sales Expectations
100 150 80 Net balance %
Net balance % Annual % change
80
60
100
60
40 40
50
20
20
0 0
-20 0
-50
-40
-20
RICS NBE adv. 3 months (LHS)
-60
Mortgage Approvals (RHS) -100
-80 -40
-100 -150
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 -60
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Source: Bank of England, RICS Source: RICS
Housing Market
Nationwide data suggest that the ratio of house price to earnings has 10. House prices to earnings ratio remains close to record highs
hovered around the 5% mark in the first half of this year, fairly close 2007’s
record high of 5.4% (Chart 10). It is likely that the stamp duty holiday and House Price to Earnings Ratio
the extension of help to buy would support house prices at least in the near 6
%
the UK as a whole in the coming quarters (Chart 10). Average twelve month
expectations suggest that rents are envisaged to rise in all regions apart
from London where contributors are projecting rents to slip by 1% in the 2
coming year. 1990 2000 2010 2020
Source: Nationwide
11. House prices look likely to edge higher 12. RICS data shows a rebound in rent expectations
UK House Prices England Rent Expectations and Private Rents
80 Net balance % Annual % change 16
60 Net balance % 4
Annual % change
60 12
3
40
40
8
2
20 20
4
1
0
0 0
-20 0
-4
-20
-40
-1
RICS House Prices - adv. 6m (LHS) -8
-60
Land Registry UK House Price Index (RHS) -40
RICS England Rent Expectations adv. 4 quarters (LHS) -2
-80 -12 ONS England Rental Index (RHS)
-60 -3
-100 -16 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 Source: ONS, RICS
4
Research compiled by JLL on the future of global office demand suggests 20
that in the long term, an increase in preferences for home-working could 2
lead to a drop in demand for office space. Feedback to the RICS UK points 0
0
to a similar trend, as 93% of respondents anticipate businesses will look to
scale back their office space requirements to some extent in the coming two -20 -2
years. Furthermore, the largest share of contributors (30%) expect firms to -40
-4
scale back between 5 and 10% of their current footprint (Chart 14). -6
Meanwhile, it seems that the pandemic has accelerated the downturn in -60
-8
RICS UK Rent Expectations adv. 3q (LHS)
retail sector. This is highlighted by data from the Centre for Retail Research -80 CBRE UK Rental Values (RHS)
which shows that the number of retail stores affected by administration in the -10
first half of 2020 is already above last year’s total (Chart 15). -100 -12
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021
Source: CBRE, RICS
14. Firms are expected to scale back their office footprint 15. Store closures so far in 2020 are already above those in 2019
Do you envisage in the next two years, businesses will scale back their Retail Stores Affected by Administration
office footprint? 7,000 Total
35
% of respondents
6,000
30
5,000
25
4,000
20
3,000
15
10 2,000
5 1,000
0 0
No Yes, by up to 5% Between 5 and Between 10 and Between 15 and More than 20% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020*
10% 15% 20% Source: RICS *to June 2020 Source: Centre for Retail Research
unsurprising given that travel restrictions remain in place across the globe
due to the pandemic. Alongside this, projections indicate that a combination 5,000
of cyclical weakness and structural change will continue to weigh on the
retail sector. In comparison, capital values are envisaged to remain broadly
stable in the industrial portion of the market in the coming year (Chart 18). 0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Source: Property Data
17. Industrial sector continues to outperform 18. A significant drop in capital values is expected for hotels
Commercial Property Transctions in H1 2020 RICS 12 Month Capital Value Expectations
Alternative 193 -2
-8
Other 56
Retail Warehouse 35
-12
Shopping Centre 8
Number of transaction in Q1 and Q2
-14
0 50 100 150 200 250 Hotels Retails Student Aged care Offices Multifamily Data centres Industrials
Source: Property Data
housing facilities Source: RICS
Construction Sector
With much of the industry required to close amidst the Covid related
lockdown, survey data is consistent with a sharp drop in construction output 19. Survey result point to a drop in construction activity
in the first half of this year. This is visible in the latest results to the Bank
Agents Summary of Business Conditions: Construction Output
of England Agents Summary of Business Conditions survey, where the
Agent’s score for construction output has slipped to a record low in the last 3.0
Agents' Scores
workloads net balance slipping further into negative territory over the 0.0
quarter (Chart 20).
-1.0
That said, construction activity seems to have resumed somewhat after
restrictions were lifted. Average twelve month expectation suggest that -2.0
activity could continue to rise further ahead. Significantly, a net balance of
+40% contributors expect infrastructure workloads to rise in the coming -3.0
10 35
20 30
5
25
0 0
20
-5
15
-20
-10 10
RICS Total Workloads, advanced 2 quarters
-40 (LHS)
5
ONS Construction Output (RHS) -15
0
-60 -20 Infrastructure Other Public Private Housing Public Housing Private Industrial Private
2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 Commercial
Source: ONS, RICS
Construction Sector
Government statistics suggest that the price of building materials is falling 22. Material costs are falling on an annual basis for now
on a year on year basis for now (Chart 22). However this trend could
Construction Costs
significantly reverse in the medium term if tariffs are put in place on imports 12 New Housing
from the EU once the transition period comes to an end. Furthermore, Annual % change
Other New Work
anecdotal commentary to the RICS UK Construction and Infrastructure 10
Repair & Maintenance
result of downbeat outlook for profit margins and new hiring in the year 0
ahead. -2
20%. 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Source: Business, Innovation and Skills
23. Market confidence remains close to decade low 24. Projects have been put on hold across the UK
RICS Market Confidence Indicator How will COVID-19 affect onsite productivity?
80 Net balance % 40
% of respondents
35
60
30
40
25
20
20
0
15
-20 10
5
-40
0
-60 Increase No change 0 to -10% -10% to -20% -20% to -30% -30% to -40% decline more
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 than 40%
Source: RICS Source: RICS
London
In the RICS UK Commercial Property survey, London office rents
expectations fell sharply in Q2 2020 on the back of a drop in demand for 25. London office rents are likely to fall in coming months
office space and a rise in availability. This suggests that London office London Offices Rental Values
rental values are likely to fall in the coming months (Chart 26). Analysis by 100 30
JLL suggests that in the long term, on the back of the Covid-19 pandemic, 80
firms are likely to reconsider how they occupy office space with issues 20
health and well-being likely to be taken into account. This could have a 40 10
significant impact on city office demand and rental values in the medium 20
term. 0
0
Turning to the residential market, in the RICS survey, the London house -10
price balance price picture looks relatively less downbeat in comparison to -20
the couple of months with the house price net balance edging up to -10% in -40 -20
July from -54% in June (Chart 26). -60
RICS London Office Rent Expectations
Meanwhile in the lettings market, London rent expectation have slipped -80
adv. 3q (LHS) -30
CBRE Central London Offices Rental
over the last two quarters suggesting that private rents across the capital Values (RHS)
are likely to dip over the course of the year (Chart 27). -100
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021
-40
26. The London price picture has stabilised somewhat 27. Rents look likely to fall across the capital in the coming year
London House Prices RICS London Rent Expectations and Private Rents
100 Net balance % Annual % change 30
80 Net balance % Annual % change 6
80 25
60 5
60 20
40 4
40 15
20 3
20 10
0 2
0 5
-20 1
-20 0
-40 -5 -40 0
RICS London House Prices adv. 6 months (LHS) RICS London Rent Expectations adv. 4 quarters (LHS)
-80 -15 -80 -2
Land Registry London House Price Index (RHS) ONS London Rental Index (RHS)
-100 -20
-100 -3
2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Source: Land Registry, RICS Source: ONS, RICS
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