Teaching and

Assessing Writing
PRESENTED BY: ORAIZ, PRESILLAS,
PULIDO, RANIN, AND RAMOS
What is Writing?
it is any conventional system of marks or signs
that represents the utterances of a language.
Writing renders language visible.

the activity or skill of marking coherent words on

paper and composing text.
What is Writing?
Writing involves several subskills. Some of these
related to accuracy, that is to say, using correct
forms of language. Writing accurately means
spelling correctly, forming letters correctly, writing
legibly, punctuating correctly, choosing the right
vocabulary, using grammar correctly, joining
sentences correctly and using paragraphs
correctly.
 Kinds of Writing
Real life writing
Example: application forms, letters,and emails

Classroom/academic writing

Example: dictations, letters, reports, essays, complaints,

blogs, compositions, poems, advertisements, articles,
reviews and etc.
 Principles in Writing
Write Short Sentences

Aim for 15–20 words, but be sure to mix it up

because good writing of any kind relies on rhythm.
Short is better, but your writing needs to flow.

 Principles in Writing
Use Active Voice

This is all about verbs. Active verbs make your

sentences direct, dynamic, and easy to read.
 Principles in Writing
Write for Your Reader

Writing for the reader in a language they can

understand and relate to is one of the key
principles of writing .
Levels in Writing
BASIC LEVEL

The students at this level may be ask to

write: letter, postcard, diary entry, forms,
etc.

Levels in Writing

INTERMEDIATE LEVEL

The examples of writing tasks for this level

are: as basic level, but plus guide; set of
instructions; etc.

Levels in Writing

ADVANCED LEVEL

At advanced level, the students may ask

to write: as intermediate level, plus
newspaper report; notes; etc.
 What is Writing Skill?
Writing is one of the productive skills. That
means it involve producing language rather
than receiving it.

Writing involves several subskills. Some of

these related to accuracy, that is to say, using
correct forms of language
 Teaching Writing Skills

Teach Persuasive Essays

Persuasive essays focus on a specific

argument and use evidence to back up your
point of view.

 Teaching Writing Skills

Inspiring the Creative Writer

To help engage your students' creative

writing skills, try some different inspirational
techniques to see which ones work best

 Teaching Writing Skills

Research Writing

By focusing on specific problem areas, you

can have students writing ace papers in no
time.

Teaching Writing Skills

Descriptive Writing

Descriptive writing includes things like

summaries as well as descriptions.

 Teaching Writing Skills to High

School Students
Inspire Your Students to Write
Keep students writing by offering a variety of
assignments on interesting topics, and a mix
of pre-assigned topics and student-created
topics

Why is writing such a difficult skill

to achieve?
Skilled Writing requires mastery if the fine
motors skill to form the written shapes and
orthographic knowledge of how written symbols
are combined to represent words through
spelling conventions.
Curriculum material is broad and to grammatical.

Writing process is time-consuming.

Teacher's correction can be overwhelming if the

class is too large.

Students do not know how to do it by

themselves.
Writing Assessment methods
TRADITIONAL
1. Grammar and structure
2. Control Writing
3. Free Writing
4. Dictation

ALTERNATIVES/AUTHENTIC
1. Diary
2. Portfolio/Journal
 Traditional

1. Grammar and Structure

a. Multiple-choice items/ Error-recognition items

b. Re-arrangement
c. Changing words
 Traditional

2. Control Writing

a. Transformation
b. Broken sentences
c. Sentence and paragraph competion
d. Summary writing
 Traditional

3. Free Writing

a. Using picture for writing

b. Essay writing
 Traditional

4. Dictation

-is good, it is to test the spelling ability

of the students.
 Alternative/Authentic

1. Diary
- a book in which one keeps a daily
record of events and experiences.
 Alternative/Authentic
2. Portfolio/Journal
- is a collection of students' writing,
assembled over time.
- it is usually contains examples, rather
than a single piece of work.
Approaches in Writing
1 The Controlled-to-Free Approach

Audio-Lingual Method
This approach stress on
grammar, syntax and mechanics.
Emphasizes accuracy rather than
fluency.

1
2 The Free-Writing Approach
Assign vast amounts of free
writing on given topics with only
minimal correction.
Emphasizes on content and
fluency rather than on accuracy
and form.
1
3 The Paragraph-Pattern Approach
1

Focuses on organization by
copying the paragraphs or model
passages.

1
4
The Grammar-Syntax-
Organization Approach
This approach describes that writing can
not be seen as composed of separate
skills.
Student should be trained to pay
attention to organization while they also
work on the necessary grammar and
syntax.
1
5 The Communicative Approach

This approach stresses the

purpose of writing and the
audience for it.
Writing is truly a communicative
act, with a writer for a real reader.

1
6 The Process Approach
Learning how to write by writing.
Focuses on the process of creating
writing rather the end product
(Tompkins,1990)
This approach includes the stages of
the writing process (prewriting,
drafting, revising,editing and
publishing)
1
Writing Genres
 1 Six Basic Steps to Write an
Expository Expository Essay
Writing

1. Select a topic
Aims to define,

2. Write a thesis statement with

explain or inform controlling ideas
the reader about 3. Organize it into paragraphs
the topic. 4. Write topic sentences for the body
It includes thesis paragraphs
statement and 5. Furnish a paragraph of introduction
controlling ideas. 6. Summarize the expository essay
 2
Sequence Elements of a
Narrative includes: Narrative Style:
Writing

Beginning Setting
Problem

Character
Tells a story. Minor resolution Plot
Its purpose is to New problem Conflict
entertain. Resolution Climax
Moral Resolution
 3

Descriptive
Writing

Describes places,
people, feelings,
events.
Uses vivid
language and
figuratives
 4 General Characteristics of an
Argumentative/ Argumentative Essay:
Persuasive

Writing .State Position

.Write tries to Factual Support
convince others Persuasive
to agree with Technique.
facts, share our Logical Argument
values; adopt way Call to Action
of thinking.
5 Academic Writing

A formal in style and there are a

number of conventions to follow.
Basic layout is Introduction,
Body, Conclusion, and
Bibliography.
5 Stages
in
Writing
5 Stages in Writing

1. Prewriting

2. Drafting

3. Revising

4. Proofreading

5. Publishing
 Teaching
Writing Skills
in the ESL Classroom
 Teaching Writing Skills in the ESL Classroom

1. Types of Writing
Communicative
Ex: Emails. Text messages. Blog posts

Academic
Ex: essays, research papers, research
proposals, and other documents for scholarly
publication.
 Teaching Writing Skills in the ESL Classroom

2.Process of Writing/ strategies

Pre-writing Strategies
1. Formulate topics before writing.
2. Consider the approach to your topic.
3. Discuss the topic for writing. •
4. Outline or make a schematic organizer.
 Teaching Writing Skills in the ESL Classroom

2.Process of Writing/ strategies

Writing Strategies
1. Rereading what you just wrote.
2. Reviewing what you just wrote
3. Backtracking
4. Self editing.
5. Adaptive techniques
 Teaching Writing Skills in the ESL Classroom

2.Process of Writing/ strategies

Post writing Strategies

1. Editing word level changes
2. Revising sentence level
3. Rewriting at the composition level
Teaching Writing Skills in the ESL Classroom

3. Text Structure

Introduction
Body/Main Points
Conclusion
 Teaching Writing Skills in the ESL Classroom

4. Writing Assessment

Authentic Assessment
Refers to a process of evaluating a piece of writing
based on how well it reflects real-world writing
situations and tasks.

The aim of authentic assessment is to evaluate a

student's ability to apply writing skills to practical,
meaningful contexts.
 Teaching Writing Skills in the ESL Classroom

Authentic Assessment
The instructor might evaluate the writing based on the
following criteria:

Purpose and audience

Content and organization
Style and tone
Mechanics and conventions
 Teaching Writing Skills in the ESL Classroom

4. Writing Assessment

Integrated Assessment
Refers to a process of evaluating a piece of writing
based on various factors, such as content, organization,
grammar, punctuation, and vocabulary.

The aim of integrated assessment is to provide a

comprehensive evaluation of a piece of writing, rather
than focusing on individual components in isolation.
 Teaching Writing Skills in the ESL Classroom

Integrated Assessment
The instructor might evaluate the writing based on the
following criteria:

Content
Organization
Grammar and punctuation
Vocabulary and style
Strategies to
Encourage
Writing
Create a Literate Environment
Encourage
Creative
Pieces
of Work
Thank you for
listening!
Don't hesitate to ask any questions!
At least 3-5
sentences.
Thank you and
Have a great
day!