ENGLISH

Demonstrative Pronouns
demonstrate (verb): to show; to indicate; to point to A demonstrative pronoun represents a thing or things:

near in distance or time (this, these) far in distance or time (that, those)

near

far

singular

this

that

plural

these

those

Here are some examples with demonstrative pronouns, followed by an illustration:

This tastes good. Have you seen this? These are bad times. Do you like these? That is beautiful. Look at that! Those were the days! Can you see those? This is heavier than that.

These are bigger than those.

SOCIAL

lanis Nadine Morissette (born June 1, 1974) is a Canadian-American[1] singer-songwriter, guitarist, record producer, and actress. She has won 16 Juno Awards and seven Grammy Awards, was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards and also shortlisted for an Academy Award nomination. Morissette began her career in Canada, and as a teenager recorded two dancepop albums, Alanis and Now Is the Time, under MCA Records Canada. Her worldwide debut album was the rock-influenced Jagged Little Pill, released in 1995, which remains the best-selling debut album by a female artist in the U.S., and the highest selling debut album worldwide, selling more than 30 million units globally.[2] Her following album, Supposed Former Infatuation Junkie, was released in 1998 and was a success as well. Morissette took up producing duties for her subsequent albums, which include Under Rug Swept, So-Called Chaos andFlavors of Entanglement. Morissette has sold more than 40 million albums worldwide.[3][4] In February 2005, Morissette became a naturalized citizen of the United States while maintaining her Canadian citizenship.[1] Early life Morissette was born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, the daughter of Georgia Mary Ann (ne Feuerstein), a Hungarian-born teacher, and Alan Richard Morissette, a French-Canadian high school principal.[5] She has a twin brother Wade Morissette (also a musician) who was born 12 minutes after her.[6]Morissette's parents were devout Catholics. Discography Alanis Morissette Studio albums Other releases Alanis (1991) Now Is the Time (1992) Jagged Little Pill (1995) Supposed Former Infatuation Junkie (1998) Under Rug Swept (2002) So-Called Chaos (2004) Flavors of Entanglement (2008) Space Cakes The Singles Box MTV Unplugged Feast on Scraps iTunes Originals Jagged Little Pill Acoustic The Collection "Too Hot" "Walk Away" "Feel Your Love" "An Emotion Away" "No Apologies" "You Oughta Know" "Hand in My Pocket" "Ironic" "You Learn" "Head over Feet" "Thank U" "Unsent" "So Pure" "Hands Clean" "Precious Illusions" "Everything" "Out Is Through" "Eight Easy Steps" "Hand in My Pocket" (acoustic) "Crazy" "Underneath" "Not as We'" "All I Really Want" "Joining You" "That I Would Be Good" "King of Pain" "You Learn" (MTV unplugged) "In Praise of the Vulnerable Man" "Flinch" "21 Things I Want in a Lover" "Surrendering" "Uninvited" "Utopia" "So Unsexy" "Wunderkind"

Full singles

Other singles Promo/Radio singles

Videography Jagged Little Pill, Live Alanis Morissette: Live in the Navajo Nation Feast on Scraps Main article: Alanis Morissette discography

Alanis (1991) Now Is the Time (1992) Jagged Little Pill (1995) Supposed Former Infatuation Junkie (1998) Under Rug Swept (2002) So-Called Chaos (2004) Flavors of Entanglement (2008)

Personal life Morissette dated actor and comedian Dave Coulier, 15 years her senior, for a short time in the early 1990s.[59] In a 2008 interview with the Calgary Herald, Coulier claimed to be the ex-boyfriend who inspired Morissette's song "You Oughta Know".[60] Morissette, however, has maintained her silence on the subject of the song.[61] Morissette met Canadian actor Ryan Reynolds at Drew Barrymore's birthday party in 2002, and the couple began dating soon after.
[62]

They announced their engagement in June 2004.[60] In February 2007, representatives for Morissette and Reynolds announced

they had mutually decided to end their engagement.[63] Morissette has stated that her album Flavors of Entanglement was created out of her grief after the break-up, saying that "it was cathartic".[64] On May 22, 2010, Morissette married rapper Mario MC Souleye Treadway in a private ceremony at their Los Angeles home.
[65]

Their first child, Ever Imre Morissette-Treadway, was born on December 25, 2010.[66]

Morissette is a vegan.[67]

MATH
Tangram
The invention of the tangram puzzle is unrecorded in history. The earliest known Chinese book is dated 1813 but the puzzle was very old by then. One reason for this could be that in China, its country of origin, at the time it was considered a game for women and children. This would have made it unworthy of "serious" study and unlikely to be written about. Different times, different ways of thinking. Glad that's changing. The roots of the word Tangram are also shrouded in time, with a number of possible explanations. The one I like best involves the Tanka people. These river people of China were great traders who were involved in the opium trade. The western sailors they traded opium with likely played with the puzzle when they visited their Tanka girlfriends. The story I believe is that it comes from the obsolete English word "tramgram" meaning puzzle or trinket. You can learn a bit more at the Online Etymology Dictionary A fun place, by the way, if you like words. Tangrams enjoyed a surge of interest during the 19th century in Europe and America. This, no doubt, was due to the opening up of trade with China and the aforementioned sailors bringing home new found amusements. "The Chinese Puzzle" spawned a flood of books and picture card sets. Some quite elaborate Chinese examples exist with pieces carved from and/or inlaid with ivory, jade and other fine materials. Others were cheap, locally made copies in wood or fired clay. Some books blindly reproduced previous mistakes in the patterns. Some things never change. In 1903, Sam Loyd wrote his great spoof of tangram history,The Eighth Book Of Tan.He had many people convinced that the game was invented 4000 years ago by the god Tan. According to Loyd, the first 7 Books Of Tan were linked with many famous people and historical events. All very convincing and it made Sam a lot of money. Later examination showed it to be a colossal joke. The book did catalog over 600 patterns, many by Loyd himself. He also introduced (along with H. F. Dudeney) the idea of paradoxes Fu Tsiang Wang and Chuan-chin Hsiung mathematically proved in 1942 the existance of a finite set of patterns referred to as "convex." In this context, it means that there are no indentations along the outside edge. There are only 13 silhouettes that qualify. Other finite sets may exist. Tangrams continue to entertain and frustrate now days. The puzzle attracts people on a number of levels. It's simplicity makes it accessible to a broad spectrum of people. The figures spark visually inclined people though their form, liveliness and striking simplicity. Many of the designs are adaptable to quilting, applique and many other artistic or craft projects. Storytellers can weave a tale with many characters and objects using only the seven tans. It interests the math inclined with the geometry and ratios of the pieces. You find them used in classrooms around the world to teach basic math ideas in an interesting way. The Dr. Schaffer & Mr. Stern Dance Ensemble (MathDance) has taken it a step further with a dance using over-sized tangram pieces! They've even been used as the model for a designer table by Massimo Morozzi and a grat set of shelves by Daniele Lago It is one of the classic puzzles, appealing to young and old, the serious and the carefree. Go make one and enjoy it. The Rules Simple really, which is one of its attractions. The classic rules are as follows: You must use all seven tans, they must lay flat, they must touch and none may overlap. Feel free to break away from the "rules", though.

SCIENCE
Ecosystems
An Ecological System The word ecosystem is short for ecological systems. An ecosystem includes all of the living organisms in a specific area. These systems are the plants and animals interacting with their non-living environments (weather, Earth, Sun, soil, atmosphere). An ecosystem's development depends on the energy that moves in and out of that system. As far as the boundaries of an ecosystem, it depends upon how you use the term. You could have an entire ecosystem underneath a big rock. On the other hand, you could be talking about the overall ecosystem of the entire planet (biosphere). An ecosystem can be as small as a puddle or as large as the Pacific Ocean. That ecosystem includes every living and non-living thing in the area. It is several small communities interacting with each other. Let's look at a puddle example. You might start by looking at the temperature, depth, turbulence, sunlight, atmospheric pressure, weather patterns, wind, nutrients, etc. Those are just the non-living things in the ecosystem of a puddle. When you add on all the living interactions, you have a good idea how complex an ecosystem can be. Even a puddle is an amazing place. Biomes Scientists discuss some general ecosystem types. They call them biomes. A biome is a large area on the Earth's surface that is defined by the types of animals and plants living there. A biome can be partially defined by the local climate patterns. You may also have more than one type of biome within a larger climate zone. Here is a short list of possible biomes. - Tropical Rainforest (Think about Brazil) - Tropical Savanna (Think about Africa) - Desert (Think about the middle east) - Mediterranean Woodland (Think about coniferous forests) - Mid-latitude Grassland (Think about Oklahoma) - Mid-latitude Deciduous Forest (Think about the east coast of North America) - Tundra (Think about frozen plains of Alaska) - Ice Caps (Think about the poles) Ecotones Biomes don't just start and stop when they border each other. They all have transition zones that have characteristics of both sides. That zone is like a blending of two biomes. Scientists call it an ecotone. Ecotones can happen at the edges of forests, deserts, and mountain ranges. They are often easy to see because one type of world (many trees) changes quickly into another type (the cliffs of a mountain). While an ecotone on the ground may not cover a large area of land, climate transition zones between biomes are often very large. Another Link in the Food Chain Everyone plays a specific role in the food chain of life. You might be a human thinking they are king of the hill or you might be a bacterium under the feet. You are very important to the survival of the system no matter what role you play. As you study more about ecosystems and cyclesin life, you will see the terms food chains and food webs. They describe the same series of events that happen when one organism consumes another to survive. Food web is a more accurate term since every organism is involved with several other organisms. Cows might be food for humans, bacteria, or flies. Each of those flies might be connected to frogs, microbes, or spiders. There are dozens of connections for every organism. When you draw all of those connecting lines, you get a web-like shape.

The Producers Producers are the beginning of a simple food chain. Producers are plants and vegetables. Plants are at the beginning of every food chain that involves the Sun. All energy comes from the Sun and plants are the ones who make food with that energy. They use the process of photosynthesis. Plants also make loads of other nutrients for other organisms to eat. There are also photosynthetic protists that start food chains. You might find them floating on the surface of the ocean acting as food for small unicellular animals. The Consumers Consumers are the next link in a food chain. There are three levels of consumers. The levels start with the organisms that eat plants. Scientists named this first group of organisms the primary consumers. They are also called herbivores. They are the plant eaters of the chain. It might be a squirrel or it might be an elk. It will be out there eating plants and fruits. It will not eat animals. Secondary consumers eat the primary consumers. A mouse might be a primary consumer and a cat might be the secondary. Secondary consumers are also calledcarnivores. Carnivore means "meat eater." In some ecosystems, there is a third level of consumer called the tertiary consumer (that means third level). These are consumers that eat the secondary and primary consumers. A tertiary consumer could be a wolf that eats the cat and the mouse. There are also consumers called omnivores. Omnivores can either be secondary or tertiary consumers. Humans and bears are considered omnivores: we eat meat, plants, and just about anything. The Decomposers The last links in the chain are the decomposers. If you die, they eat you. If you poop, they eat that. If you lose a leaf, they eat it. Whenever something that was alive dies, the decomposers get it. Decomposers break down nutrients in the dead "stuff" and return it to the soil. The producers can then use the nutrients and elements once it's in the soil. The decomposers complete the system, returning essential molecules to the producers.